Psychology 110 Sample Questions Midterm 2
Pheromone
A chemical released by one animal that affects the behavior of another animal of the same species.
The principle that best describes an organizational effect of androgens during prenatal development that enables an animal to engage in male sexual behavior as an adult is
Behavior Masculinization
A brain that is exposed to androgen during prenatal development will not show female sexual behavior in adulthood. This effect is referred to as
Behavioral Defiminization
Lesioning the lateral hypothalamus
Causes a loss of appetitie
Alteration of 'Time' protein levels by a pulse of light during the night will:
Decrease sleepiness
A "Zeitbeger" is a(n):
Environmental cue that resets a biological clock
NPY causes increase feeding by
Exciting nervous in the lateral hypothalamus
high levels of period and timeless proteins will cause an animal to
Fall asleep
A high salt diet will cause osmotic thirst by causing water to enter the cells and explode.
False
Orexin inhibits appetite
False
An adult rodent that was NOT exposed to prenatal androgens is injected estrogen and progesterone as an adult. You would expect that rodent to display
Female sexual behaviors
The role of the superchiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the regulation of biological rhythms is to:
Generate the circadian rhythm.
high levels of leptin correspond to...
High fat levels.
Compared to the earlier part, the later part of a night's sleep:
Includes a larger percentage of REM sleep.
What is the cause of osmotic thirst?
Increased concentration of solutes in the blood
The key effect of luteinizing hormone is to
Induce ovulation
All of the following are sexual behaviors displayed by female rodents EXCEPT
Intromission
Impairment of oxytocin secretion in a ________ would be expected to ________.
Male; reduce ejaculatory force
A hormone that promotes the prenatal development of the Wolffian system is said to have a(n)
Masculinizing Effect
Retinal ganglion cells that provide input to the SCN produce their own photopigment called:
Melanopsin
What area of the brain is largely responsible for detecting osmotic pressure?
OVLT and Subfornical organ (SFO)
The chemical released by the lateral hypothalamus to stimulate arousal is
Orexin
Sexual behavior in a female rodent will be reduced or prevented by
Ovariectomy
the key principle demonstrated by Turner's syndrome is that
Ovaries are NOT necessary for development of the Mullerian system
What is true about of the hormone oxytocin?
Oxytocin release can induce the ejection of milk in a lactating female.
A male rate is castrated immediately after birth and then given injections of estradiol and progesterone in adulthood. This male rate would be expected to
Show lordosis to another male
Greater neural activity in the vlPO compared to the Raphe nucleus will tilt the sleep-wake cycle toward
Sleep
The brain appears to produce the most synchronized EEG during the ________________ sleep.
Stage 4
The nucleus of the tractus solitarious is involved with
Taste Processing
Melatonin is high during
The night
The key event that starts sexual maturation at the onset of puberty is that
The pituitary secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormones
CCK limits meal size
True
High level of Vasopressin will result in highly concentrated urine
True
In the rodent brain, testosterone is aromatized into estradiol. True False
True
Nature's "default setting" is to make every mammal a female in its external anatomy:
True
Neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus are rhythmically active
True
Set points can change over time
True
The retinal ganglion cells projecting to the superchiasmatic nucleus are photosensitive
True
All of the following are an effect of androgen EXCEPT
a. growth of the beard b. changes in deposition of body fat * c. lowering of the voice d. the promotion of muscle development e. altering the hairline of the head
Which is NOT associated with REM-sleep?
a. increased probability of dreaming b. facial twitches c. EEG pattern resembling wakefulness d. terms and active postural muscles *
Some set points may vary considerably over time in order to respond to changes in the environment. This adaptability is known as:
allostasis
The SCN produces circadian rhythms by altering:
production of proteins
Menstruation is triggered by
reduced secretion of estrogen and progesterone from the corpus luteum
What defines a homeostatic process?
the maintenance of certain body variables within a fixed range
Animal kept in constant darkness
will have a sleep-wake cycle
A hormone is a chemical that is ____.
conveyed by the blood to other organs, whose activity it influences
Which hormone, released by the posterior primary, both raises blood pressure and enables the kidneys to reabsorb water?
Vasopressin