Psychology 14

Michael's boss tells him to report to work at 4:00 a.m. the next day. Michael is not happy about arriving at work at such an unusual hour, yet he does as he is told. In the context of social influence, his behavior is an example of __________. Select one: a.obedience to authority b.groupthink c.conformity d.inaccessibility of values

a

The strong tendency to view one's successes as stemming from internal factors and one's failures as stemming from external factors is called the __________. Select one: a.self-serving bias b.actor-observer effect c.fundamental attribution error d.peripheral route error

a

In the experiment on social influence conducted by Solomon Asch, the discomfort faced by the participants in the study was caused by __________. Select one: a.high self-esteem b.the pressure to conform c.decreased social shyness d.the lack of social comparison

b

According to Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love, _________ refers to a couple's closeness, to their mutual concern and sharing of feelings and resources. Select one: a.infatuation b.passion c.commitment d.intimacy

d

According to evolutionary psychologists, men prefer physical allure in their partner because _______. Select one: a.it leads to companionate love b.it reflects the degree of propinquity c.it negates social discrimination d.it provides reproductive advantages

d

What are the names of the two terms your text discusses with regard to why we typically develop romantic relationships with people who are similar to us? Select one: a.propinquity and reciprocity b.selective exposure and selective avoidance c.intimacy and passion d.dispositional and situational attributions

a

Which of the following statements is true of aggression? Select one: a.Electrical stimulation of part of the hypothalamus triggers stereotypical aggressive behaviors in many lower animals. b.Men have higher estrogen levels than women do and are also more aggressive than women, especially with male strangers. c.Unlike animals that solely depend on hormones, empathy is one of the major contributors in bringing about aggression in humans. d.In nonhumans, aggressive reactions are not automatic.

a

Which of the following statements is true of attribution theory? Select one: a.Fundamental attribution error arises because we tend to infer traits from the social environment. b.We are likely to attribute our successes to external, situational factors but our failures to internal factors. c.When we see other people doing things that we do not like, we tend to see them as victims. d.We are biased toward making dispositional attributions when we explain other people's behavior.

a

___ is a hostile behavior such as not allowing a person to be part of a club activity at school because she is gay and _________ is an attitude toward gay people that evaluates members of that group negatively. Select one: a. Discrimination; prejudice b. Prejudice; discrimination c. Selective avoidance; fear appeal d. Fear appeal; selective avoidance

a

Michael fails to present his science project on time. He informs his teacher that it was because his younger brother had destroyed it while playing. However, when his friend James fails to submit his project, Michael quickly assumes that James was too lazy to do his project. In the context of social perception, Michael is demonstrating the__________. Select one: a.obedience to authority b.actor-observer effect c.foot-in-the-door technique d.bystander effect

b

Sarah is waiting to meet her friend to go shopping together and Michaela is now almost 20 minutes late. According to Attribution theory, when Sarah texts Michaela and asks if she is ok and if she had car troubles, Sarah is making a ________________ attribution for the fact that Michaela is late. Select one: a. primacy b. situational c. dispositional d. recency

b

According to Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love, what part of love would be described as the fascination with the person, the sexual attraction and desire for exclusivenessCommit? Select one: a. Commitment b. Intimacy c. Passion d. Reciprocity

c

A research experiment was conducted on people's attitude toward a particular section of the society. After the experiment, the participants were requested to donate a small amount for the research organization. When they agreed and donated, they were followed with more requests for bigger donations. This is an example of ____________. Select one: a.social comparison b.the fear appeal c.the foot-in-the-door technique d.social facilitation

c

Alex wants to be physically fit. As he cannot workout effectively at his home, he goes to a gym with his friends. At the gym, he works out better when his friends work out along with him. In the context of group behavior, this is the result of _________. Select one: a.social pressure b.conformity c.social facilitation d.polarization

c

In the context of aggression, which of the following is a perspective of cognitive psychologists? Select one: a. Cognitive psychologists believe that aggression is a natural and instinctive reaction to the frustrations of daily life. b. Cognitive psychologists believe aggressive behavior is not influenced by choice. c. People decide whether they will lash out or not on the basis of their interpretation of the other person's motives. d. People who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust, or who oppose aggression under all circumstances, are more likely to behave aggressively.

c

In the context of sources of prejudice, when people view those who belong to their own groups more favorably than those who do not, they are involved in _________. Select one: a.social learning b.social facilitation c.social categorization d.social conflict

c

Keli could never forget the first time she met Kaitlyn. She was wearing an outlandishly bright outfit and was very loud and obnoxious. Ever since then, she always expects Kaitlyn to be the life of the party. Keli is demonstrating the ___________. Select one: a.fundamental attribution b.recency effect c.primacy effect d.reciprocity

c

Lisa has been invited to a party. Immediately after receiving the invitation, she meets with her friends to decide what to wear for the party. Though she does not like to dress elaborately, she agrees to dress elaborately because her friends have planned to do so. In this scenario, Lisa's behavior demonstrates _________. Select one: a.obedience to an authority b.stereotyping c.conformity d.social loafing

c

The tendency to avoid helping other people in emergencies when other people are also present and apparently capable of helping is known as the __________. Select one: a.polarization effect b.actor-observer effect c.bystander effect d.recency effect

c

When Shaina is about to begin her speech in class, she notices that a few of her classmates are whispering among themselves. She becomes nervous that she might be boring to her audience and gets distracted. In this scenario, the presence of the classmates is not likely to facilitate her performance due to _________. Select one: a.social pressure b.deindividuation c.evaluation apprehension d.diffusion of responsibility

c

Which of the following factors decreases the tendency to conform? Select one: a.low self-esteem b.lack of familiarity with the task c.valuing being right over being liked d.social shyness

c

According to the social-cognitive perspective, aggressive skills are mainly acquired by ___________. Select one: a.repressed impulses stored in the unconscious recesses of the mind b.suspension of negative punishment on aggressive stimuli c.instinctive reaction to the frustrations of daily life d.observation of other people acting aggressively

d

Studies have shown a difference in what factors men and women rate as important in selecting a romantic partner. All of the following have greater emphasis for women EXCEPT... Select one: a. dependability b. professional status c. consideration d. physical allure

d

When a group is working together on a project and each member feels less of an obligation to put forth their best effort because everyone else seems capable, social psychologists call this ___________________. Select one: a. groupthink b. fundamental attribution error c. evaluation apprehension d. diffusion of responsibility

d

Which of the following statements is true of groupthink? Select one: a.Group leaders encourage members to remain skeptical about options in a groupthink. b.Members of a group perform all their actions with their own volition. c.When a group senses an external threat, groupthink turns into a group problem. d.External threat heightens the cohesiveness of the group and is a source of stress.

d