Study Guide for Bacteria and Virus Test (Chapter 12)

Compare/contrast prokaryotes (like archaea and bacteria) and eukaryotes.

Prokaryotes are organisms that consist of a single prokaryotic cell. Eukaryotic cells are found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

How do bacteria reproduce?

through a host

Describe the Lytic Cycle

viral life cycle kills its host by lysing; most destructive to the host

Flagella

whiplike tail on some bacteria that help them move

Microbe

another word for germ

Describe what happens in the Lysogenic Cycle and give an example of a Lysogenic virus.

A viral life cycle allows viral genetic material to lay dormant while the host cell reproduces

What are some things that archaea and bacteria DO have in common?

Archaea and bacteria are both prokaryotes

What is the main difference between archaea and bacteria?

Archaea is part of a group of microorganisms and bacteria and no cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles in their cells. Bacteria constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms.

What are the two forms of bacterial DNA?

Bacterial chromosome, proteins, RNA molecules, nucleoid

What are 3 things good bacteria help you with?

Help food digest, produce vitamins, can produce oxygen that is used to create antibiotics

Pathogen a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease

a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease

Transduction

a virus injects DNA into the bacterium

Compare and contrast bacteria and viruses.

bacteria are free-living cells that can live inside or outside a body, while viruses are a non-living collection of molecules that need a host to survive.

Transformation

bacteria take up DNA from the environment

What are 3 things that viruses are useful for?

can kill cancer cells, treat various genetic diseases, serve as vaccines

Distinguish between the 3 forms of recombination (Conjugation, Transformation, and Transduction)

conjugation( bacterium transfers DNA to the recipient), transformation(bacterium takes up extracellular DNA), transduction(DNA packaged in a bacteriophage infects the recipient bacterium)

Microbiome- consists of microbes that are both helpful and harmful

consists of microbes that are both helpful and harmful

Vector

diseases transmitted from one animal or plant to another

Sterile field

free from bacteria

Fission

fully grown bacterial cell split into two halves resulting in two daughter cells with the exact DNA as the same parent

What are some examples of archaea?

methanogen, extremophile/thermophile and halophile

Describe the structure of a virus.

nucleic acid strand surrounded by a protein coat

Archaea

organism that can be found in extreme environments such as hot springs

Extremophile

organism that can survive in extreme environments

Conjugation

process brings about an exchange of genetic information between bacterial cells

Capsid

protects the genome of a virus made out of protein