Psychology

stage 2

1 to 3 autonomy vs shame/doubt

autonomy vs shame/doubt

1 to 3 develop a sense of independence in many tasks

Identity vs. confusion

12 to 18 experiment with and develop identity and roles

ow many items are on the Lie scale of the MMPI?

15

What is the earliest week of prenatal development (gestational age) where you can expect to observe a human fetus with a body that is about 4.5 inches long

16

What is the earliest week of prenatal development (gestational age) where you can expect to observe a human fetus with visible fingerprints?

16

What is the earliest week of prenatal development (gestational age) where you can expect to observe a human fetus with a body weighing about 1.4 pounds?

24

What is the earliest week of prenatal development (gestational age) where you can expect to observe a human fetus with internal organs developed enough to possibly sustain life?

24

What is the earliest week of prenatal development (gestational age) where you can expect to observe a human fetus with the ability to respond to sounds?

24

within which developmental stage do children typically develop an interest in others?

3 and 8 months

initiative vs guilt

3 to 6 take initiative on some activities; may develop guilt when unsuccessful or boundaries overstepped

Research suggests that somewhere between ____

3% and 10% of the population identifies as homosexual

Learning disabilities affect between ____and ____ percent of people diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

30;70

What is the earliest week of prenatal development (gestational age) where you can expect to observe a human fetus with fully developed bones?

32

What is the earliest week of prenatal development (gestational age) where you can expect to observe a human fetus with full term development?

40

Which of the following is a result or conclusion of Milgram's original obedience study?

65% (26 of 40) of experiment participants administered the experiment's final massive 450-volt shock

What is the earliest week of prenatal development (gestational age) where you can expect to observe a human fetus with features recognizable as human?

9

Those with this disorder score worse on a measure of social functioning.

ADHD

Those with this neurodevelopmental disorder may develop the following problems later in life: lower job satisfaction, poorer work relationships, and more firings.

ADHD

when a child's behavior is hasty, impulsive, and seems to occur without much forethought

ADHD

Which of the following examples best illustrates intrinsic motivation?

Alice reads a nonfiction book about outer space because she is curious about the topic

Which of the following examples best illustrates extrinsic motivation?

Amy washes cars to raise money for her team

Which sentence in this paragraph best illustrates acquisition?

As the researcher pairs

The bumps on a person's skull reflect the size of brain areas underneath and explain aspects of personality.

Franz Gall

Which of the following scenarios describes an employee performance appraisal?

Fred meets with his employees every six months to review their work

A person with more yellow bile from the liver has a personality that is bold and ambitious.

Galen

Which of the following statements is false about Walter Dill Scott?

He was notable for advocating a whole person approach to research, stating that a person knows their own experience better than a researcher

____ describes lucid dreaming as a hybrid state that features both waking and dreaming consciousness

Hobson

____ suggests that dreaming may represent a state of protoconsciousness

Hobson

I was one of the first women trained as a Freudian psychoanalyst.

Horney

There are four personality types and no overlap between them.

Immanuel Kant

Which of the following examples is not an extension, or application, of Milgram's conclusions? Select the best answer.

Jim is driving just slightly over the speed limit, but he decelerates suddenly when he sees a police car who is with another car pulled over on the other side of the road.

what drug would be considered a stimulant?

Khat

Lisa experienced a sexual assault last year. Now, any time she sees a man wearing a red hoodie she walks in the opposite direction.

Lisa's reaction could be a symptom of pTSD Lisa's reaction could be called avoidance of stimuli connected to the trauma

Which of the following statements are true regarding Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Maslow suggested that this is an ongoing, life-long process and that only a small percentage of people actually achieve a self-actualized state after we satisfy our basic needs, they no longer serve as motivators and we can begin to satisfy higher order needs

Which of the following was not a primary rationale of Milgram's for studying obedience?

Milgram was a rival to Asch and wanted to demonstrate the effect he found but in the most extreme form, human torture

Which of the following examples best illustrates extrinsic motivation?

Mitchell practices running in hopes of winning a medal for his speed

K-complexes occur

NREM stage 2

delta waves dominate brain activity

NREM, stage 3

Which of the following examples best illustrates intrinsic motivation?

Olivia performs with the college dance team for the pleasurable feelings of expressing herself through movement

Achieving the title of licensed psychologist

PhD

choose the degree most likely required for the following career path: therapist

PsyD

Brain waves looks similar to someone who is awake

REM stage 5

Which long-term cultural value in the U.S. could Demetra be referring to?

The U.S. is a nation of immigrants. All of the founders were from other countries. in addition, the words on the Statue of Liberty welcomes all people. fairness means that everyone that wants to emigrate should be able to

According to Freud, latent content is ____

The hidden meaning of a dream

Which of the following is not a design component of Milgram's obedience study?

The type of learning task the teacher was to train was also manipulated, such that early studies and easy memory tasks, whereas later trials had very complicated memory tasks

Which of the following scenarios describes an employee performance appraisal?

Wilson puts a lot of value on group dynamics, so when reviewing his employees, he takes peer ratings into account

tendency to ignore evidence that disproves ideas or beliefs

a confirmation bias

Which long-term cultural value in the U.S. could Demetra be referring to?

a culture that highly values respect, social harmony, and group needs over individual needs

Which of the following has been shown to make substance-related treatment more effective?

a duration of one month a duration of at least three months holistic treatment that addresses multiple needs

which of the following describes implicit memory?

a memory that is not part of our consciousness

Which of the following is the best example of the law of continuation in a photograph?

a photograph of the finish line in a horse race

which of the following best describes the function of the cell body?

a site that houses the nucleus

Which answer best defines family therapy?

a special form of group therapy consisting of one or more families

derealization

a symptom during which the world feels artificial and unreal

How is flight of ideas defined?

abruptly switching in conversation from one topic to another

the smallest amount of salt to perceive a taste change in our mashed potatoes

absolute threshold

Miriam wants to see a counselor to help her cope with her overwhelming and sad feelings after giving birth. However, she feels guilty about feeling so sad when she should be happy and doesn't want to be seen as "crazy."

acceptability

Linda suffers from major depression and anxiety, which requires regular therapy and medication. Although she has insurance, copays and deductibles add up quickly.

accessibility

Georgia has a basic schema that soup is what people eat out of bowls with spoons. She tries ice cream for the first time and thinks it is soup. She is told it is not soup, so she changes her soup schema.

accommodation

Sam has a basic schema that fruits are a bright color with green leaves. She sees a carrot and recognizes it as a fruit. She is told a carrot is not a fruit and changes her schema.

accommodation

Identify the statement about motivational theory that is not true.

according to the extrinsic theory of motivation, deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs

In order to remember the steps in making grandma's lasagna, Milo has turned it into a song.

acoustic encoding

I proposed the concept of the inferiority complex.

adler

Which of the following characteristics are expected as part of normal adolescent development?

adolescence includes a rapid increase in height most adolescent's disagreements with parents are minor

Which of the following characteristics are expected as part of normal adolescent development?

adolescents are in Erikson's identity versus role confusion stage of development includes maturing of the adrenal glands

Which of the following characteristics are expected as part of normal adolescent development?

adolescents can imagine hypothetical situations menarche occurs during adolescence

Which of the following characteristics are expected as part of normal adolescent development?

adolescents who experience early or delayed physical development may also have body image issues rates of development cary widely during adolescence

which gland is responsible for stress response?

adrenal gland

Which of the following best represents seeking to cause harm or pain to another person? Select the best answer.

aggression

During your scavenger hunt, you are told to walk 100 steps north, turn 90 degrees to the right, and dig a hole two feet deep.

algorithm

which of the following is an inaccurate statement about the concept of range of reaction?

all experts agree that genes set limits on an individual potential

which of the following statements about instincts are true?

allows an organism to adapt to its environment innate behaviors that organisms are born with

The distance to the top of a crest, measured from the center line, or how tall a wave is

amplitude

the amount of energy in a wave

amplitude

the greater the ___ of a wave, the more energy it is carrying

amplitude

Which of the following plays a role in processing emotional information and sending that information on to cortical structures?

amygdala

After purchasing a bookshelf from a big box store, you begin the process of assembly by viewing the photos in the provided manual.

an algorithm

The refrigerator is broken. You decide to follow a YouTube video's instructions on how to make the repair.

an algorithm

While driving to meet a friend, you realize you are completely lost. You use your phone's map feature to tell you specifically how to reach your destination.

an algorithm

What is the figure component of a visual field?

an object or person that stands out in a visual field

Betsy is learning new algebraic formulas.

analytic intelligence

Lora is solving new types of math problems and is learning various processes and methods.

analytic intelligence

Two types of amnesia are retrograde and ____

anterograde

In literature, the shadow is often presented as a villainous character—for instance, as the snake in the Garden of Eden or The Jungle Book.

archetypes

n the novel series Harry Potter, Harry conquers death, completes his mission, and never waivers from his true self despite all the hardships he must face.

archetypes

According to Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory, an individual with high spatial intelligence would most likely excel in which of the following careers?

architect

The somatic nervous system is ____

associated with activities that are voluntary

Which of the following statements are true regarding Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

at the highest level of hierarchy, attention shifts to the need for self actualization, which is a need that essentially equates to achieving one's full potential higher order needs can only be pursues when the lower needs are we

which medication is an antagonist? Atropine reduces the action of acetylcholine by blocking muscarinic receptors.Phenobarbital, a barbiturate, increases levels of the calming neurotransmitter, GABA.

atropine

Where sound information goes to be processed in the temporal lobe

auditory cortex

A child with this disorder may turn their head away when spoken to.

autism

Children with this disorder may exhibit a communication deficit that can range to a complete lack of speech.

autism

Communication deficits can also include problems in using and understanding nonverbal cues (e.g., facial expressions, gestures, and postures) that facilitate normal communication. Answer

autism

A child might throw a temper tantrum if an object is not in its proper place or if a regularly-scheduled activity is rescheduled.

autism spectrum disorder

when a child exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children

autism spectrum disorder

Elena's always remembers what time she has lunch each day.

automatic encoding

Encoding of time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words are stored in memory easily.

automatic encoding

Mark wants to seek help for a mental health concern. As a veteran, he uses the V.A. system; however, there is a two-month waiting list to speak to a mental health professional.

availability

making a decision based on an example, information, or recent experience that is readily available to you even though it may not be the best example to inform your decision

availability heuristic

Multicultural counseling [blank].

balances the importance of individualism and collectivism in diagnosis

Which of the following is critical for classical conditioning and for attaching emotional value to learning processes and memory?

basolateral complex

Steve was studying for a test on street names for drugs. What did he learn is the street name for cathinones?

bath salts

Which of the following statements about the behaviorist perspective of personality is inaccurate?

behaviorist believe that personality change is not possible

Which of the following statements about the behaviorist perspective of personality is inaccurate?

behaviorists believe that people behave in a consistent manner based on genetics

Dogs have extraordinary olfactory abilities. Whereas humans have fewer than 400 olfactory receptors, how many do dogs have?

between 800 and 1200

Which of the following examples best illustrates intrinsic motivation?

bill does a crossword puzzle because he enjoys the mental challenge

identify the conditioned response in this scenario

blinking in response to the whistle

The components of emotion do not include ____

body language and objective appraisal

An exception to discrimination laws that allows companies to hire based on religion, age, or sex when necessary for the job.

bona fide occupational qualifications

In reality, this theory works for sounds with frequencies no higher than 4,000 Hz.

both place theory and temporal theory

low frequency sound waves are perceived as low-pitched sounds

both place theory and temporal theory

Hair cells act as receptors for sound.

both temporal theory and place theory

A large brownish object dashes into the road in front of your car, and you slam the brakes. Answer

bottom-up processing

The rods and cones in your eye detect a nonlinear object moving in a random sweeping pattern in the road. You determine that it is a plastic bag.

bottom-up processing

With a blindfold on, a person must determine what they are eating based on the taste, texture, and smell.

bottom-up processing

You feel warmth and wetness with your fingers and see a reflective surface that ripples when your fingers touch it. You determine it is water.

bottom-up processing

You hear a loud siren, and you stop what you are doing and look around to see what is happening.

bottom-up processing

when we are faced with a fearful situation, which of the following changes in our bodies might be triggered by the sympathetic nervous system

bronchi dilate

Which of the following examples best illustrates intrinsic motivation?

bruce builds detailed model ships because he find it fun to do

According to the elaboration likelihood model, there are two main routes to persuasion. Which of the following is a characteristic of peripheral route persuasion?

celebrity endorsement

Which of the following is involved in attention and has connections with the hypothalamus and various brainstem areas to regulate the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems' activity?

central nucleus

Harold was a great piano player, and even in his later years as his memories faded, he can still play the piano thanks to _____

cerebellum

Which of the following was an area of research or a major contribution that Elton Mayo made to the field of industrial-organizational psychology?

changed the level of light in a factory and measured changes in worker productivity

Define grandiose delusion.

characterized by beliefs that one holds special power, knowledge, or is extremely important

A person with this temperament is passionate, ambitious, and bold.

choleric

This temperament falls within the strong and changeable area, using the two major axes of personality.

choleric

When a person has been unemployed for two years

chronic

When a person is ill for several years

chronic

After Adria was painfully stung by a wasp, she has come to associate any insect with pain and has developed a phobia of insects.

classical conditioning

This theory includes many clinicians interested in problematic patterns of behavior.

clinical psychology

when comparing hypnosis and meditation, which element represents a difference between them?

clinician recommended

fluid-filled, snail-shaped structure that contains the sensory receptor cells of the auditory system

cochlea

Jerry had been diagnosed with Ménière's disease. The doctor explains to Jerry that there may be one option for treatment. Which did the doctor likely recommend to Jerry?

cochlear implants

A child paints an abstract picture.

cognitive

During a therapy session, Dr. Rodriguez talks to his client about overgeneralization, jumping to conclusions, and all-or-nothing thinking.

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Eric decides to purchase a cell phone. Prior to going into the store, he says to himself "I am not going to get suckered into buying extras that I don't need." Eric leaves with two new cases and an additional car phone charger that the salesperson convinced Eric he needed.

compliance

Which of the following statements describes obedience?

complying with the demands of an authority figure or changing behavior in response to another person's direct instructions

When Jenna was little and her grandmother would burn the frozen pizza, the fire alarm would go off, scaring Jenna. Now, whenever Jenna smells the burning of any pizza, she begins feeling nervous. The nervous feeling Jenna gets is the _____

conditioned response

Jimmy's stepfather would come home from the bar and empty his change on the counter before coming into the den to argue with Jimmy. The sound of the coins being emptied on the counter is the ____

conditioned stimulus

A child has a phobia of dogs because he has a genetic predisposition to phobias. He gradually became more and more afraid of dogs.

continuous and nature

A child and her mother have the same anxiety disorder because the child watches her mother react to situations and copies that behavior. The anxiety gradually became worse and worse over the years.

continuous and nurture

the sleep-wake cycle

controlled by multiple brain areas acting in conjunction with one another

Kara is a biological female with a male gender identity. Kara's sexual orientation ____

could be bi, hetero, or homo

Adam is a biological male with a homosexual orientation. Adam's gender identity ____

could be male or female

Jenny finds that if she journals and writes down her stressors at the end of each day, along with a solution and gratitude list, she feels more peaceful and, therefore, is able to sleep better.

creative intelligence

John attends at least two live music shows per week to seek inspiration as a songwriter.

creative intelligence

Which of the following terms is defined as providing complete, honest information about the purpose of the experiment, how the data collected will be used, the reasons why misleading was necessary, and how to obtain additional information about the study upon conclusion of the study?

debriefing

____ are two types of memories that are processed by the hippocampus.

declarative memories and spatial memories

which of the following is the most likely result of a norepinephrine antagonist?

decreased arousal

Which of these are scales on the MMPI?

depression, hypomania, and schizophrenia

sulci

depressions or grooves in the cerebral cortex

Industry vs. inferiority

development of self confidence in abilities when competent or sense of inferiority when not, 7 to 11

This theory examines the differences in physical, cognitive, and social capacities that exist between young children and adults.

developmental psychology

Four-year-old Sean is catching balls, playing with other children, memorizing rhymes, and starting to write letters.

developmentally average

Chinami has maintained a life-long suspicion of other people's motives. When she visited Paris, she became suddenly convinced that her hotel room was bugged and secret cameras were recording her.

diathesis stress

Dahlia has had a history of unstable relationships with other people, unstable sense of self, unstable emotions, and engages in what her parents consider dangerous behavior. Dahlia has on more than one occasion threaten to commit suicide because of her feelings of emptiness and a fear of abandonment. Although she did not know her mother, who abandoned her as an infant, she heard that she had been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. However, Dahlia did not start showing symptoms until she had a severe car accident.

diathesis-stress model

Over the past 25 years, research has demonstrated ___

differences in brain structure and function between heterosexuals and homosexuals

Which of the following is a weakness of naturalistic observation?

difficult to set up and control

when we are faced with a fearful situation, which of the following changed in our bodies might be triggered by the sympathetic nervous system?

digestion is inhibited

A child is outgoing because his father is outgoing, and he received his genetic traits. He was shy until he turned 5, and then he became super outgoing.

discontinuous development and nature

A child and her mother have the same anxiety disorder because they both have abnormal levels of certain neurotransmitters. This anxiety disorder popped up overnight.

discontinuous developmental, nature

After bringing her wife to a work party, Jane keeps being passed over for big assignments.

discrimination based on sexual orientation

Define disorganized thinking.

disjointed and incoherent thought processes

Wesley became very angry with his girlfriend, so he punched the wall.

displacement

dissociative identity disorder

dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct, well-defined personalities or identities and experiences memory gaps for the time during which another identity emerges

Maribel had been taking Valium for several years. While traveling, her luggage was lost, which contained all of her medications. Maribel began having difficulty concentrating, heart palpitations, sweating, and anxiety. Maribel was experiencing ____

drug withdrawal

Identify the statement about metabolism and body weight that is false.

due to its limitations, set-point theory is rarely used as explanation of how body weight is regulated

membrane that vibrates when struck by sound waves

eardrum

which of the following is a testable hypothesis

economic inequality is a better indicator of homicide rates than gun availability

Ronnie is a very successful psychologist, and his patients find him able to sincerely relate to them.

emotional intelligence

Which of the following statements most accurately represents the 3rd force of psychology?

emotional intelligence is a concept that was born from this movement

Jacinta has been repeatedly practicing her lines for the 5th grade play. She knows that this method will help her memorize her lines for her performance.

encoding

Jack's first taste of chocolate ice cream is immediately committed to memory.

encoding

Johnathan is watching his first Hawaiian sunset. He hopes that he can remember the sunset so that he can describe it to his friends tomorrow at dinner.

encoding

The process of information being input into the memory system

encoding

behaviorism emphasizes which of these factors regarding influence on actions?

environmental factors

If a person damages parts of the brain that are involved in memory, other parts of the brain may compensate for that damage. This idea is called the ____

equipotentially hypothesis

I de-emphasized the role of sex as a motivator for behavior and instead placed a much stronger focus on the role of social relationships.

erikson

Aakriti's home was flooded during a hurricane. She has had to spend much of her free time working on insurance reimbursement claims and acquiring FEMA assistance. Despite the hassles, she feels grateful that her family survived the storm. She feels this may be a good opportunity to remodel her home.

eustress

Jose and Elizabeth have been dating for a year and have noticed themselves arguing more in the past few months.

evaluating the potential benefits of staying in a relationship

Jose and Elizabeth recently met and are considering dating one another.

evaluating the potential costs of entering a relationship

Which of the following statement is true about OCD and related disorders?

evidence suggests that hoarding disorder is not a form of OCD but an entirely different disorder OCD symptoms may be associated with learned responses to specific compulsive behaviors in oCD are a form of negative reinforcement specific areas of the brain contribute to attributing high negative emotional value to obsessive thoughts the orbifrontal cortex is part of a series of brain regions that, collectively, is called the OCD circuit

The adaptive functions of friendship in humans

evolutionary of psychology

Examining why males are more likely to die than females across the lifespan

evolutionary psychology

examining why males are more likely to die than females across the lifespan

evolutionary psychology

Which of the following statements about suicide is accurate?

experiencing a mood disorder poses the greatest risk for suicide disturbances in the functioning of serotonin is linked to suicidal behavior it appears that knowing someone who committed suicide or seeing news stories about suicide can increase suicide risk a sense of being trapped or unable to escape circumstances or feelings can be precursors to suicidal behaviors suicide is not listed as a disorder in the DSM-V

Marjorie has been having difficulty sleeping lately and wonders if she has insomnia. What would be the correct time frame for an official diagnosis?

experiencing difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep for at least three nights a week for at least one month's time

Semantic and episodic memories are both considered this type of long-term memory.

explicit memories

After a difficult day at work or school, Cathy finds talking about it with friends or family helps her feel less stressed out.

extroversion

At a party, Annie will probably be the first one to walk up to new guests and make introductions.

extroversion

Candace tends to find social interactions refreshing and gains energy from such exchanges.

extroversion

According to learning theory, OCD may develop as a result of operant conditioning.

false

Classification systems allow for the exclusion of non-organic mental illnesses in favor of illnesses related to physical or structural abnormalities.

false

Classification systems are designed to be highly technical and are not appropriate for communicating about a disorder to patients or their families.

false

Dysfunction with the anterior cingulate cortex is a likely contributor to OCD.

false

OCD is twice as frequent in the first-degree relatives of people with OCD than in people without the disorder.

false

People with OCD show less connectivity of the orbitofrontal cortex and related areas, which explains the inability to regulate compulsive behaviors.

false

Social roles remain the same across the developmental life span.

false

what are the most important values for collectivists?

family duty, social responsibility, and group goals

Which of the following statements about work group is inaccurate?

female-dominated teams perform better than male-dominated teams

Which of the following are considered to be benefits of group therapy over other therapeutic modalities?

fewer feelings of shame increased feelings of support ability to practice social skills group members can confront one another's problem behaviors

psychoneuroimmunology

field that studies how psychological factors (such as stress) influence the immune system and immune functioning

Emma and Cameron were studying for a psychology exam. They stopped on a picture that Emma thought was a vase and Cameron thought was two old men. Cameron saw two, identical old men in the picture. Which part of the visual field was the old men for Cameron?

figure

Emma and Cameron were studying for a psychology exam. They stopped on a picture that Emma thought was a vase and Cameron thought was two old men. Emma saw a vase in the picture. Which part of the visual field was the vase for Emma?

figure

Jalen was traveling behind a Fed Ex truck when he suddenly noticed the white arrow between the Fed Ex words. He had never noticed it before. He pointed it out to his passengers, but none of them could see the white arrow. Jalen's passengers could not see the white arrow, only the words Fed Ex. Which part of the visual field were the words for Jalen's passengers?

figure

Maya and Mariposa were sitting in class. When the teacher showed them an image, Maya could see an old woman while Mariposa could only see a young woman. Maya saw an old woman in the picture. Which part of the visual field was the old woman to Maya?

figure

What is the second decision that the new agent has to make?

fire the gun at the pop-up figure

A patient receives pain relief every 4 hours.

fixed interval

A teacher rewards his class with a pizza party for every 20 days with perfect attendance.

fixed ratio

Ryan gets rewarded for every 5 correct answers he gives.

fixed ratio

a lab rat is given a food pallet after every 5th press of a lever

fixed ratio

Dannie creates an afterschool art program for students that seem to best learn through creativity.

fluid intelligence

Mary is very effective and well-respected therapist and offers very specific therapy methods to help her clients.

fluid intelligence

Susan met her new neighbor who moved in last week. When she ran into the neighbor again, she said, "Can you please tell me your name again?" Susan is likely experiencing what?

forgetting

The number of crests of a wave that move past a given point in a given unit of time

frequency

Childhood sexuality influences personality

freud

The person that was a German psychiatrist who was convinced dreams provide access to the unconscious mind was ____

freud

_____ believed dreams represent the imaginary fulfillment of a wish or impulse in early childhood

freud

_____ believed dreams represent the imaginary fulfillment of a wish or impulse in early childhood.

freud

_____ differentiated between manifest and latent content of dreams

freud

the inability to perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for

functional fixedness

Amelia's date, Ken, was late picking her up. She called her friend and said, "Ken is such a loser."

fundamental attribution error

Glenn Close is an actress who plays the role of the villain in several movies. It is likely that she is chosen to play those roles because she is a mean and unethical person in real life.

fundamental attribution error

Which of the following is not a feature that impacts persuasion?

gender of the speaker

Over the past 25 years, research has demonstrated ____

gene-level contributions to sexual orientation

Andre texted his girlfriend an hour ago, and she has not responded. He is sure that she is sick of him and will soon break up with him. He feels devastated and notices his stomach churning. What is the activating event in this example?

girlfriend does not respond to text message

which gland is responsible for sexual hormones?

gonads

Emma and Cameron were studying for a psychology exam. They stopped on a picture that Emma thought was a vase and Cameron thought was two old men. Emma saw a vase in the picture. Which part of the visual field was the background of the picture for Emma?

ground

Jalen was traveling behind a Fed Ex truck when he suddenly noticed the white arrow between the Fed Ex words. He had never noticed it before. He pointed it out to his passengers, but none of them could see the white arrow. Jalen saw a white arrow in between the Fed Ex words. In this example, which part of the visual field was everything other than the white arrow for Jalen?

ground

Maya and Mariposa were sitting in class. When the teacher showed them an image, Maya could see an old woman while Mariposa could only see a young woman. Mariposa saw a young woman in the picture. Which part of the visual field was the background of the picture to Mariposa?

ground

dissociative disorders

group of DSM-5 disorders in which the primary feature is that a person becomes dissociated or split off, from his or her core sense of self, resulting in disturbances in identity and memory

How is mood disorder defined?

group of disorder characterized by severe disturbances in mood and emotions

People experiencing a personality disorder [blank]

have a personality style that is pervasive and inflexible have a personality style that frequently brings them into conflict with others have a personality style that disrupts their ability to develop and maintain social relationship have a personality style that prevents them from accomplishing realistic life goals

According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, which of the following is a good definition of fatuous love?

having both passion and commitment

According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, which of the following is a good definition of romantic love?

having both passion and intimacy

According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, which of the following is a good definition of liking?

having intimacy alone

According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, which of the following is a good definition of consummate love?

having intimacy, passion, and commitment

According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, which of the following is a good definition of infatuation?

having passion alone

Which of the following statements is false about James Cattell?

he used images and neural stimuli, like ink blots, to measure intelligence

You are deciding whether or not to move to a new city and realize that you don't know all there is to know about the new location. You decide to make your decision based on the information you have at the moment.

heuristic

Amanda just hates it when something she has planned on gets changed or postponed.

high reactivity

Li-Shan loves to listen to music; it just seems to soothe her and take all her cares away.

high reactivity

Damage to the ____ is considered a cause of anterograde amnesia.

hippocampus

The famous patient H.M. had brain surgery to control his seizures. The surgeons removed the ____, which severely affected his ability to create semantic knowledge.

hippocampus

Using brain lesioning research, scientists discovered that the ____ is involved in spatial memory. Answer

hippocampus

Which of the following integrates emotional experience with cognition?

hippocampus

Fluids, or humors, that run throughout the body are responsible for personality traits and behaviors.

hippocrates

There are four temperaments based on "humors": choleric, melancholic, sanguine, and phlegmatic.

hippocrates

I theorized three styles of coping that children adopt in relation to anxiety: moving toward people, moving away from people, and moving against people.

horney

Jack could not afford to buy the new Lexus, but it was his dream car, so he purchased it anyway, creating a lot of debt for himself.

id

Josh knew he had to get up early for an important work meeting, but he went out and got drunk anyway.

id

Brushing your teeth and tying your shoes are ____ memories that are processed in the cerebellum.

implicit

The hippocampus is to declarative memories as the cerebellum is to ____ memories.

implicit

Emma is a journalist and her job requires frequent travel and irregular hours based on unexpected news events. What would Emma most likely not experience?

improved immune functioning

In this illustration, "She likes the way her friends talk and think more than the way those of Japanese descent talk and think" is an example of [blank].

in group bias

What are the differences in individualist and collectivist cultures for the value of life task?

in individualist cultures, there is an emphasis on making new friends while in collectivist culture the emphasis is on maintaining friendship

dentify the statement that accurately describes a characteristic or aim of hospice care.

includes regular communication with family members

which of the following is the most likely result of a norepinephrine agonist?

increased arousal

Jace, char, and Riley are all three years old and able to talk. therefore, all 3-year-olds must be able to talk

inductive reasoning

Gina is designing a new job candidate assessment test for a company, so they can be sure they are hiring qualified people.

industrial

Zack works for Eli Lilly, a large pharmaceutical sales company that hires new sales people from all over the country. Zack is working to design a new online training program that would allow new sales employees to complete their extensive training online instead of at the company's headquarters.

industrial

stage 4

industry vs inferiority 7 to 11

Which of the following is a weakness of case studies?

information gained may not be generalizable to the larger population as a whole

which of the following is a weakness of case studies?

information gained may not be generalizable to the larger population as a whole

ear devision that contains the cochlea and basilar membrane

inner ear

long delays between the times that one goes to bed and actually falls asleep

insomnia

Identify the statement about motivational theory that is not true.

instincts are a species-specific pattern of behavior that are learned through conditioning

stage 8

integrity vs despair 65+

Laura has developed a great friendship with her new neighbor in her apartment complex.

interpersonal

In order to describe the job of a flight attendant, an airline asks the flight attendants about the nature and duties of their jobs.

interviews for job analysis

Emily likes Peter Pan Peanut Butter because she has always loved the movie Peter Pan.

intrapersonal

Joan has a strong belief about capital punishment.

intrapersonal

Paul speaks slowly and softly and prefers written communication over verbal chats.

introversion

Which of the following are symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder?

intrusive memories distressing memories flashbacks proneness towards outbursts persistently negative emotional states feelings of detachment from others

The somatic nervous system is ___

involved in the relay of sensory and motor information to and from the central nervous system

Positive affect [blank]

is associated with greater social connectedness is associated with emotional and practical support is extending its principles toward peace in the global community studies creativity and originality served as a protective factor against heart disease

the autonomic nervous system ____

is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

Which of the following statements about the limbic system are true?

it includes the amygdala and the medial preoptic area and hypothalamus

Which of the following statements about damage to amygdala and nucleus accumbens are true?

it is likely to cause no change in ability to achieve orgasm it is likely to cause decreased motivation to engage in sexual behavior

Which of the following statements about damage to amygdala and nucleus accumbens are true?

it is likely to cause no change in vaginal lubrication it is likely to cause decreased motivation to engage in sexual behavior

Which of the following statements about cyberbullying is inaccurate?

it is more common for boys than girls to be cyberbullies and victims of cyberbullying

Which of the following statements most accurately represents the 3rd force of psychology

it was the first model to consider that a person has free will and choice to intentionally improve their own mental health

I proposed the concept of the collective unconscious, which I deemed a "universal" version of Freud's personal unconscious.

jung

I split away from Freud, even though we were good friends, and developed my own theory, called analytical psychology

jung

people still talk about my work today when they discuss two attitudes or approaches toward life: extroversion and introversion.

jung

the person who is known for their theory of archetypes

jung

Cayley believes people who choose to live in tornado-prone areas deserve to have their homes destroyed because they made a choice to live there.

just-world hypothesis

Karl was hitch-hiking. He was picked up by a truck driver who then stole Karl's wallet and left him at a truck stop. When Joann read about this in the paper, she said, "Well, what do people expect when they ride with strangers?"

just-world hypothesis

Which of the following examples best illustrates extrinsic motivation?

kim stays late at work to impress her boss

Which of the following can be considered barriers to treatment for ethnic minorities?

language barrier lack of insurance lack of transportation lack of education about mental health lack of time cultural views that mental illness is a stigma

the symbolic meaning behind the literal content of the dream is known as the ____

latent content

Which Gestalt law suggests why Scout's mother saw a scissors in the drawing?

law of continuation

In this example, how is the soda likely to taste to Lisa compared to when she doesn't have the flu?

less flavorful

Heinz should not have stolen the drug because he broke the law.

level 2

Heinz should have stolen the drug because a human life is fundamentally worth more than money.

level 3

Heinz should not have stolen the drug because the druggist could have had his own family to provide for, and their lives are as valuable as the life of Heinz's wife.

level 3

Alex did not receive the death penalty for his horrible crimes because his IQ would make it cruel and unusual punishment.

likely to have an intellectual disability

Alex is employed, lives independently, reads at a third-grade level, and has an IQ of 68.

likely to have an intellectual disability

Charlie sat in the backseat and watched his mother while driving. Charlie then played with his own toy steering wheel and honked the horn.

live

which of the following statements about hormone and sleep is inaccurate?

luteinizing hormone is important in regulating the immune system

Wendy made a mistake on her classroom assignment. When she saw it, her first thought was, "I am such an idiot." She felt embarrassed and ashamed.

made a mistake

Why do people need to be careful with over-the-counter or prescription sleeping medication?

many of these medications can result in dependence and alter the nature of the sleep cycle, which will then worsen insomnia over time

____ focused on sensation and perception in understanding human experiences

max wertheimer

someone with this temperament is suspicious and worried.

melancholic

which of the following describes episodic memory?

memory of events we have personally experienced

Identify the statement about metabolism and body weight that is false.

metabolic rate theory asserts that each individual has an idea body weight which is resistant to change

Identify the statement about metabolism and body weight that is false.

metabolic rate theory asserts that each individual has an ideal body weight which is resistant to change

Ear division that contains the three ossicles

middle ear

depersonalization

might include believing that one's thoughts are not one's own a symptom that involves feeling detached from the self

Psychology is defined as the scientific study of the ___ and behavior

mind

As a small child, Veronica watched her mother get very nervous and afraid while using an escalator in a shopping mall. Ever since that experience, Veronica has developed a phobia of escalators and will use stationary stairs or an elevator even when inconvenient.

modeling

Marcella used to enjoy trail running, but one day while running with a friend, a thunderstorm developed and Marcella's friend become hysterical, finding a pavilion, and hiding under a picnic table. Since then, she is unable to continue her hobby because she developed a phobia of thunderstorms after watching her friend's reaction.

modeling

pre

morpheme

tion

morpheme

Which of the following statements is accurate?

most psychologists believe that temperament has a biological basis

The term gender dysphoria ___

must persist at least six months and result in significant distress or dysfunction to meet DSM-5 diagnostic criteria

Abby starts crying at the table, so her parents tell her she doesn't have to eat her vegetables.

negative reinforcement

At the end of a grueling practice, a coach allows her fastest player to sit out of at least one round of sprints.

negative reinforcement

Students who earn an A for the semester are exempt from the final exam.

negative reinforcement

According to this theory, cones are specialized into three types, each receptive to purple, orange, or yellow.

neither

This theory explains how rods play the main role in perceiving color.

neither

this theory work exclusively alone

neither

this theory states all colors are really a combination of five colors

neither opponent process nor trichromatic

Which of the following is not a design component of Milgram's obedience study?

neither the teacher or the learner received any shock, in reality

Will has a schema for cars. He sees a motorcycle for the first time. He knows the motorcycle is not a car, and he puts it in a schema.

new schema creation

which group requires the most sleep?

newborns

disliking your neighbor

no, this is not an example of a role schema

wishing for a birthday gift

no, this is not an example of a role schema

wondering if a dog will hunt

no, this is not an example of a role schema

earning a doctor of medicine (MD)

no, this is not associated with a PsyD

behavioral approaches leave out the mental processes that are incredibly important in understanding behavior

noam Chomsky

Marcella enjoys hiking on the weekends but is careful to watch out for black bears. She even avoids a particularly trail that is known to be near the den of several black bears.

normal anxiety

Alex has trouble reading because she gets the words and letters on the page mixed up.

not enough inform

Alex has an IQ more than one standard deviation below the mean.

not enough information

Alex has trouble reading because she gets the words and letters on the page mixed up.

not enough information

A child has a phobia of dogs because a dog bit him and caused significant pain. He gradually became more and more afraid of dogs.

nurture continuous development

Mark hates wearing his seatbelt but does so since it's illegal to drive without one.

obedience

Sidney was driving along the interstate when suddenly flashing blue lights were behind him. Sidney pulled over immediately.

obedience

Which of the following is a result or conclusion of Milgram's obedience study?

obeying orders from a perceived legitimate authority is normal behavior, and people will obey orders that they morally disagree with

Which of the following statements most accurately represents the 3rd force of psychology?

objective reality is less important than a person's subjective perception and understanding of the world

An HR employee from UPS rides along with drivers for a day to create an accurate list of tasks of their job.

observation for job analysis

which of the following is a weakness of naturalistic observation?

often requires significant investments of time, money, and a good dose of luck

reddish green can never be perceived

opponent-process

Arie is a consultant for Amazon; he is studying the employees in their distribution centers and testing various methods to improve their high employee turnover rate, such as implementing ways to make work more engaging and informational sessions for advice on work-life balance.

organizational

Which of the following ideas is not in line with the humanistic approach championed by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow?

our environment and cognition are responsible for our behavior

Which of the following ideas is not in line with the humanistic approach championed by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow?

our environment is solely responsible for our behavior

thin membrane of the cochlea that the stapes presses into

oval window

Which of the following is not a design component of Milgram's obedience study?

participants were randomly assigned to play the role of the learner or the teacher

Stewart is a healthy male who works in an insurance office. He always carries a bottle of hand sanitizer with him and uses it frequently. He also keeps a surgical mask in his pocket, so he can quickly put it on if anyone around him sneezes or coughs. He refuses to shake hands and goes home from the office at lunch to use his own bathroom.

pathological anxiety

Which of the following characteristics are expected as part of normal adolescent development?

peer relationships are a central focus during adolescence adolescence includes maturing of the sex glands

which group requires the least amount of sleep?

people aged 65 and older

Which of the following statements most accurately represents the 3rd force of psychology?

people are basically good and have an innate need to make themselves and the world better

Why are insomnia and anxiety known as a "self-perpetuating cycle?"

people become anxious about not getting sleep, and the anxiety takes it even more difficult to fall asleep

Which of the following statements about antisocial personality disorder are accurate?

people with antisocial personality disorder show no regard for the rights or feelings of others Antisocial personality disorder is sometimes called psychopathy individuals with antisocial personality disorder may behave irresponsibly people with antisocial tendencies fail to show fear in response to environmental cues that signal punishment and pain Antisocial personality is much more common among males Antisocial is determined by the interaction of genetic factors and adverse environmental circumstances individuals with antisocial personality disorder frequently display superficial charm

Which of the following statements accurately discuss control and stress?

perceived control has major implications for our health and happiness greater perceived control has been linked to lower risk of physical health problems research has found that affluent individuals experience better health mainly because they tend to believe that they can personally control and manage their reactions to life's stressors

Activation of neurons in Wernicke's area translates electrical stimuli into language.

perception

At sunset, the colors on the marsh were incredible

perception

Gustatory receptors send a neurochemical signal via the cranial nerve to the parietal lobe and are interpreted as taste

perception

Neurochemical signals from the olfactory bulb activate the olfactory cortex and is interpreted as smell.

perception

Regions in the primary somatosensory cortex receive information from Merkel disks and sensory receptors, and they interpret the stimuli as touch.

perception

Rods and cones send information that is translated by the occipital lobe as color and grayscales.

perception

The primary auditory cortex translates information carried by the auditory nerve into soun

perception

A person that has ____ amnesia may not remember anything from her past but has the ability to form new memories.

persistent

To make sure an applicant will fit into her team, a manager tests them on extroversion and agreeableness.

personality testing

According to the elaboration likelihood model, there are two main routes to persuasion. Which of the following is a characteristic of peripheral route persuasion? Select the best answer.

persuasion may not be noticed by those receiving the message

th

phenomenal

This temperament falls within the weak and unchangeable area, using the two major axes of personality.

phlegmatic

Carl has been using opioids for his back pain. He experiences terrible symptoms if he doesn't take the medication. The fact that he has to have the medicine to keep from experiencing these nasty symptoms is known as _____

phsysical dependence

a baby can now see completely

physical

a baby walks

physical

terman's study showed gifted children were also above average in ____

physical build

With a physical addiction, a person will experience actual physical symptoms from drug use or withdrawal. This is known as _____

physical dependence

The components of emotion include ____

physiological arousal and psychological appraisal

which gland is responsible for pain relief?

pituitary gland

The base of the basilar membrane responds better to sounds with higher frequencies.

place theory

This theory applies to sounds with frequencies above 4,000 Hz.

place theory

During a therapy session, Dr. Rodriguez plays actively with a child.

play therapy

Which of these are instruments that can be used to transmit cultural values through language?

plays, newspapers, and books

Which group of institutions are cultural transmission agents in the United States?

police agencies, judiciary, and schools

Billy is 12 years old and has a genetic disorder that results in persistent feelings of intense hunger and reduced rates of metabolism. He has to be supervised to insure that he does not engage in excessive eating. Billy likely has ____

prayer-willi syndrome

In this illustration, "When she is partnered with a girl of Japanese descent on a science project, she is disappointed and is sure her partner will have all kinds of crazy ideas for the project because of her culture" is an example of [blank].

prejudice

Which of the following characteristics are expected as part of normal adolescent development?

primary and secondary sexual characteristics develop and mature during adolescence adolescents can consider multiple multiple points of view

Ginger forgot to set her alarm last night, and now she is going to arrive at work thirty minutes late. She immediately sets her alarm to go off every morning so that this never happens again.

problem-focused coping

Lisa just found out that her boyfriend has been cheating on her, and the two broke up. She decides that she will never date again, so she doesn't have to feel this way.

problem-focusing coping

This type of long-term memory is the reason you can always tie your shoes once you have learned.

procedural memories

Gary is cheating on his wife, but he is constantly accusing her of infidelity.

projection

During a therapy session, Dr. Rodriguez utilizes dream analysis.

psychodynamic therapy

During a therapy session, Dr. Rodriguez utilizes free association.

psychodynamic therapy

Which of the following statements most accurately represents the 3rd force of psychology?

psychological disorders are rooted in the incongruence of real versus ideal self

Which of the following statements most accurately represents the 3rd force of psychology?

psychological disorders are rooted in the incongruences of real versus ideal self

Which of the following statements most accurately represents the 3rd force of psychology?

psychologists like Maslow and rogers were major proponents of this theory

which of the following is used as a treatment for narcolepsy?

psychomotor stimulant drug

kathryn takes a stapler and scissors home from work out of the office supply cabinet. She tells herself, "They owe me this because I don't get paid enough anyway."

rationalization

Claims of successful gay conversion therapy _____

received wide criticism from the research community

identify the study strategy used by Mike

regular aerobic exercise

Many of Mr. Robinson's fourth grade students have trouble remembering how to spell their spelling words each week, so he suggests many different strategies they could use. One strategy he suggests is writing each spelling word three times a night, saying the letters as they write them.

rehearsal

which of the following is an inaccurate statements about surveys?

relies on looking at past records or data sets to look for interesting patterns or relationships

Which of the following could Jorge argue is a type of U.S. subculture?

religious, geographic, and ethnic

According to the elaboration likelihood model, there are two main routes to persuasion. Which of the following is a characteristic of central route persuasion?

requires an analytical, motivated audience

Identify the statement about motivational theory that is not true.

research shows that high arousal is generally best; when arousal is moderate or very low, performance tends to suffer

which of the following is a weakness of surveys?

research subjects may report inaccurate information

Jacinta remembers and recites her lines in the play flawlessly.

retrieval

which of the following is one of the primary functions of the prefrontal cortex?

retrieving semantic information

Piper attended a baseball game with her family. At the game she was hit in the head with baseball. When she woke up in the hospital, she could not remember anything about the baseball game or her injury. She had ____ amnesia.

retrograde

Following a fearful situation, which of the following changes in our bodies might be triggered by the parasympathetic nervous system? Select the best answer.

salivation is stimulated

When we are faced with a fearful situation, which of the following changes in our bodies might be triggered by the sympathetic nervous system?

salvation is inhibited

Someone with this temperament is sociable and carefree.

sanguine

Which of the following are accurate statements about the development of schizophrenia?

schizophrenia appears to develop out of a combination of genetic and environmental factors, rather than just genetics some people with schizophrenia display less frontal lobe activity when performing cognitive task genetic factors appear to contribute to schizophrenia Genetic factors appear to contribute to schizophrenia A mother's emotional stress during pregnancy may increase the risk of scizophrenia in offspring

How do schools serve as agents of cultural transmission?

schools are agents of cultural transmission because students are taught about citizenship, shared history, norms, and laws

Jade understands the process of going to the movies involves purchasing a ticket at the theater or online, maybe purchasing a snack, and then going to find a seat. Jade would expect to find popcorn at the movies but not lobster tails. This is an example of a [blank].

script

are grades an example of a primary or secondary reinforcer

secondary

pancreas

secretes hormones that regulate blood sugar

Positive psychology [blank]

seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to greater fulfillment in our lives looks at the strengths of the individuals

Which of the following statements most accurately represents the 3rd force of psychology?

self actualization, the process of realizing and expressing one's own capabilities and creativity, is a goal on humanistic therapy

Which of the following statements most accurately represents the 3rd force of psychology?

self determinism, a key concept in humanism, is the ability to engage in introspection and determine what the cause of one's distress is

Karen received an award for making the highest grade in her math class. She told her parents, "Finally all my hard work paid off!"

self serving bias

It's easier to remember all of your passwords if they are related to something personal.

self-reference effect

Cassie made a D on the test. She said to a friend, "It's because that professor doesn't know how to teach!"

self-serving bias

Julia didn't receive a promotion at work. She decides it's because the boss doesn't like her.

self-serving bias

The names of the seven wonders of the world would be considered a certain type of long-term memory. Answer

semantic

The prefrontal cortex is involved in encoding and ____ tasks.

semantic

Lacy knows all of the presidents in the order they served.

semantic memories

Hair cells, sensory receptors for hearing that are present in the cochlea, are activated by sound waves moving the hairs.

sensation

Parvocellular cells in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus are activated in the presence in red light.

sensation

Sensory receptors located in the skin send a neurochemical message when activated by heat.

sensation

Sound waves vibrate three bones in the middle ear, which causes a release of neurochemicals.

sensation

Taste cells located in the epithelium of the tongue are activated when in contact with NA+ , also known as salt.

sensation

molecules released from an object activate receptor cells in the nasal cavity

sensation

rod and cones, visual receptors, are activated by the presence of light

sensation

This theory argues that experience is influenced by attention, previous experiences, and cultural background.

sensation and perception

Define schizophrenia.

severe disorder characterized by disturbances in thought, perception, emotion, and behavior

which sentence best illustrates sleep debt?

she has had sleep difficulties for several months, and it is starting to get to her

Which of the following statements is false about Lillian Gilbreth?

she was a rival of Frederick Taylor, arguing that he ignored individual differences

therapists should help patients analyze their dreams, and use methods like free association.

sigmund freud

What is the relevance of the newer scale of the MMPI that measures the tendency to abuse alcohol?

since the MMPI is used most frequently in business or employment settings, the tendency towards alcohol abuse has become important to identify early

adrenal gland

sits atop our kidneys and secretes hormones involved in the stress response

Darcy and three other classmates were given an assignment to write a paper on the Holocaust. Darcy did most of the work, but they all made an A on the paper.

social loafing

Jessica is raising her teenage son to be polite and mannerly. She is teaching him the importance of shaking hands when meeting someone. This is an example of a [blank].

social norm

Which of the following characteristics are expected as part of normal adolescent development?

spermarche occurs during adolescence adolescents often debate ideas and opinions

alpha and theta brain waves

stage 1 NREM

Heinz should not have stolen the drug because it is in his best interest to not go to prison. Which stage of moral reasoning would the person who gave this answer most likely be in?

stage 2

Heinz should have stolen the drug because his wife and loved ones would approve of this attempt to save her life.

stage 3

referred to as deep sleep

stage 3 and stage 4

referred to as slow-wave sleep

stage 3 and stage 4

Hard to awaken someone in this stage

stage 4, stage 3

Close to all muscle systems are paralyzed

stage 5 and REM

Freud was particularly interested in what people experience during this stage

stage 5 and REM

In this example, Stephan is afraid to purchase any wine during the visit. Based on this example, what is the most likely explanation as to why?

stephan is afraid the wine will taste differently after his cold clears

process whereby an individual perceives and responds to events that one appraises as overwhelming or threatening to one's well-being

stress

environmental events that may be judged as threatening or demanding

stressors

Which of the following was an area of research or a major contribution that Kurt Lewin made to the field of industrial-organizational psychology?

studied the effects of leadership styles and group dynamics in the workplace

Which of the following statements about substance abuse are accurate?

substance abusers are more likely to have a mood disorder than the general population substance abusers are more likely to have an anxiety disorder than the general population it is best to treat comorbidity by addressing both diagnoses simultaneously someone with a comorbid disorder has two or more diagnoses substance abuse can cause symptoms similar to a mood or anxiety disorder individuals with psychiatric disorders may self-medicate through substance abuse

Which of the following represent a meaningful contribution of Sigmund Freud's in the field of psychology?

suggesting the idea that motivations cause conflicts acknowledging the role of early childhood experiences

John found a wallet on the ground and instead of keeping the cash inside it, he called the owner to return the wallet. He felt like that was the right thing to do.

superego

Sarah knew that she could steal the supplies from work, and no one would know about it. However, she knew that stealing was wrong, so she decided not to take anything even though she would probably never get caught.

superego

When the professor walked out of the class, Timothy knew he could cheat on the test by glancing at his notes. He didn't because he knows cheating is wrong.

superego

Amanda has been extremely sad for the last several weeks. When talking to her doctor, she reports low self-esteem, loss of interest in normally enjoyable activities, low energy, and pain without a clear cause. She has difficulty getting out of bed, even to fix her daughter breakfast before school. Although she was raised a Catholic, she has over the years distanced herself from the Church. However, with this overwhelming sadness, Amanda believes that "spiritual warfare" is occluding in her life and spirit and returns to the church. There, she engages in prayer, scripture reading, and finally has an exorcism performed.

supernatural

Malik feels anxious all of the time. When he is asked to take on additional projects at work or asked to give a presentation, he feels his heart start palpitating, his palms begin to sweat, and he starts getting tunnel vision. Sometimes it is so bad that he feels like he is having a heart attack and may die. He tells his therapist that this all began when an ex-girlfriend (a practitioner of voodoo) put a blood curse on him.

supernatural model

evolution and natural selection can explain why people sleep

support; adaptive

if people experience slow-wave sleep after learning a new test, they can improve task performance

supports; cognitive

which of the following is not a state of consciousness?

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Natalie observed a cross-stitching tutorial online and then attempted that as her new hobby.

symbolic

sleep

takes up approximately one-third of our lives

A job posting for an office manager describes the duties of the job, including ordering supplies, scheduling office events, and overseeing the receptionists.

task-oriented approach to job analysis

A hair cell fires action potentials related to the frequency of a sound wave.

temporal theory

frequency is coded by the activity level of a sensory neuron

temporal theory

negative affectivity

tendency to experience distressed emotional states involving anger, contempt, disgust, guilt, fear, and nervousness

which of the following is a weakness of surveys?

tends to be a lower level of depth in the information collected

Which of the following statements are accurate?

tension headaches are the most commonly experienced kind of headache tension headaches are triggered by tightening/tensing of facial and neck muscles

Which of the following statements are accurate?

tension headaches are triggered by tightening/tensing of facial and neck muscles tension headache sufferers report greater levels of subjective stress when faced with a stressor

Which of the following statements are true about deinstitutionalization?

the advent of psychotropic drugs and the ability to manage psychotic episodes was a significant contributor to the deinstitutionalization movement deinstitutionalization translated into policies of "community release," leaving many severely mentally ill people homeless the goals of deinstitutionalization were to reduce the population size of mental institutions by releasing patients, shortening stays, reducing both admissions and readmission rates, and reforming mental hospital's institutional processes

Which of the following could Jorge argue is a U.S. subculture?

the amish, African Americans, and people who attended comic con

what does ground mean?

the background in a visual

What is the meaning of hypochondriasis?

the belief that you are severely ill or dying when there is no medical evidence that is the case

Being able to sing songs from memory even after you have lost most of your episodic memory is due in large part to ____

the cerebellum

Being able to sing songs from memory even after you have lost most of your episodic memory is due in large part to ____.

the cerebellum

Classical conditioning tasks such as an eye blinking with an air puff can be difficult if you have damaged ___

the cerebellum

The part of the brain that processes procedural memories is ____

the cerebellum

____ is involved in creating memory for motor learning.

the cerebellum

lateralization

the concept that each hemisphere of the brain is associated with specialized functions

What was described by the Yale attitude change approach? Select the best answer.

the conditions under which people tend to change their attitudes

Lashley began lesioning the brains of animals in his research studies in order to find this specific group of neurons called ____

the engram

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) has changed over time. Which of the following statements is an accurate statement about those changes?

the first two editions of the DSM listed homosexuality as a psychological disorder the number of diagnoses in the DSM increased from the first edition's 106 to the third edition's 265 the names of some psychological disorders and their diagnostic categories have changed from the DSM-IV to the DSM-V

Declarative memories such as mathematical operations are processed by the _____

the hippocampus

The brain surgery patient called H.M. was not able to create new memories. This was due to the removal of ____

the hippocampus

Which of these institutions serve to transmit culture in the United States?

the judiciary system

Which of the following statements most accurately represents the 3rd force of psychology? Select the best answer.

the movement is called humanism

Which of the following is a result or conclusion of Milgram's original obedience study?

the participants who refused to administer the final shocks neither insisted that the experiment be terminated, nor left the room to check the health of the victim without requesting permission to leave

people's expectations or beliefs influencing or determining their experience in a given situation

the placebo effect

Research using PET scans has shown that the ____ is involved in sematic tasks and encoding.

the prefrontal cortex

Following a fearful situation, which of the following changes in our bodies might be triggered by the parasympathetic nervous system?

the pupils are constricted

Which of the following statements is false about the Hawthorn Studies?

the researcher found that two 5-minute breaks increased productivity, but two 10-minuted breaks reduced productivity

which of the following statements about the midbrain is accurate?

the reticular information is located in the midbrain

The peripheral nervous system is made up of _____

the somatic nervous system and the autonomic system

Jonathan got the stomach flu after eating tacos, and he became very ill. Now, just smelling tacos makes him nauseated. In this example, what is the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?

the stomach flu

Which of the following statements is false about the Hawthorn Studies?

the study showed that attention from employers have no impact on productivity levels

which of the following is an accurate statement about the thyroid gland?

the thyroid gland releases hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and appetite

Karl is the assembly line manager at a company that manufactures power tools. He knows that his line workers will be the first people to notice product issues and encourages them to stop production if they do.

theory Y of scientific management

Jacob oversees the social media marketing team at his company. He guides everything he wants his team members to do and decides when they need to stay late to finish a project.

theory x of scientific management

Which therapist employs behaviorism?

therapist A Therapist A instructs a mother to give her son candy when he does something right and take away a toy when he does something wrong.

could a human hear a sound wave

there is not enough information given

Which of the following statements about the behaviorist perspective of personality is inaccurate?

they see personality traits as inborn

Which of the following would be considered an example of an availability heuristic?

thinking all adults are likely kidnappers

Which of the following statements most accurately represents the 3rd force of psychology?

this approach focuses on the whole person and his or her uniqueness

Which of the following statements most accurately represents the 3rd force of psychology?

this movement begins with the existential assumptions that people have free will

A trick room is built so that a person standing on one side appears giant while a person who is the same size standing on the other side appears very small.

top-down processing

When asked to name the color a word is printed in (blue), you read the word itself, which is red.

top-down processing

When you expect to take a sip of milk but instead get a funny taste, you realize it is juice.

top-down processing

When you hear a ringtone on a commercial, but you check the phone in your pocket.

top-down processing

When you hear a sound, you think it is someone calling your name.

top-down processing

You are able to read and comprehend a sentence even though there are many typos.

top-down processing

when you hear a sound, you think it is someone calling your name

top-down processing

At the beginning of the JV baseball season, Fernando was told repeatedly by his teammates to avoid getting spiked by opposing players because of how much it hurt. As a result, he has developed a phobia of baseball cleats that is affecting his performance on the field.

transmission of verbal information

Caroline lives in Kansas, and there is a tornado warning in the middle of the night, leaving her with no time to seek safe shelter.

traumatic event

it is like a computer because all colors are made from combinations of red, green, and blue

trichromatic

applies to visual processing on the retina

trichromatic theory

the opposite of a crest

trough

Classification systems enable mental health professionals to use a common language.

true

Nearly everyone in a given culture knows what behavior is expected of a person in a given role.

true

Repeatedly checking an appliance to be sure it is off temporarily relieves anxiety and serves as a form of operant conditioning.

true

The concordance rate of OCD among identical twins is greater than the concordance rate for fraternal twins.

true

Which of the following statements most accurately represents the 3rd force of psychology?

unconditional positive regard and conditions of worth are care concepts in humanistic therapy

A student with a language disability struggles with _____ or _____ spoken language.

understanding; using

____ intellectual disabilities, learning disabilities are _____

unlike; specific neurological impairments

Alex has an IQ of 100

unlikely to have an intellectual disability

Alex with an IQ of 75, struggles in all of his classes

unlikely to have an intellectual disability

Alex has dyslexia, ADHD, and an IQ of 110.

unlikely to have an intellectual; disability

Which of the following was an area of research or a major contribution that Frederick Taylor made to the field of industrial-organizational psychology?

used time and motion studies to study how changing the design of the workplace could lead to increase in output

According to the elaboration likelihood model, there are two main routes to persuasion. Which of the following is a characteristic of peripheral route persuasion?

uses cues to associate positivity with the message

According to the elaboration likelihood model, there are two main routes to persuasion. Which of the following is a characteristic of central route persuasion?

uses data and facts

How can validity be measured in the MMPI?

validity means that the instrument is measuring what is supposed to measure. for example, if someone scores high on the depression scale, they should have enough depressive symptoms to be diagnosed with depression

Rhiannon checks Instagram at random times to see how many likes her new selfie has garnered.

variable interval

On average, every 5th lottery scratch ticket on a roll is a winner, but sometimes winning tickets are as many as twenty apart.

variable ratio

You notice that all of the students who failed to attend class have to complete an extra assignment.

vicarious punishment

The sociocultural perspective [blank].

views the client's symptoms in the context of the client's culture

the length between each crest/trough

wavelength

which of the following theories is falsifiable?

well-educated adults have strong bowling skills

Claims of successful gay conversion therapy ____

were publicly recanted by Dt. Robert Spitzer

Personality can be described by two axes: emotional/non-emotional and changeable/unchangeable.

willhelm Wundt

Which of the following was an area of research or a major contribution that Walter Bingham made to the field of industrial-organizational psychology? Select the best answer.

worked for the war department during world war II to develop systems of job selection and training

What model of persuasion did Hovland's work result in?

yale attitude change approach

Is this a good example of the law of continuation in a painting?

yes, it is. the ripples show movement in the water

Did the insertion of the bird change the perception of the sketch?

yes, the bird gliding or swooping through the air indicates life and movement

attempting to behave like a friendly neighbor

yes, this is an example of role schema

expecting a student to participate

yes, this is an example of role schema

sending a text message to a friend

yes, this is condition

Which of the following is an example of external locus of control? Select the best answer.

you rear-end the car in front of you on the way to class. wit was clearly the other driver's fault

Which of the following is an example of external locus of control?

you sleep through your alarm and miss a final exam. the phone company definitely needs to make those alarms louder

Which sentence in the scenario includes an activity controlled by the motor cortex?

you walk to the table to pick up your phone

Candace tends to find social interactions refreshing and gains energy from such exchanges.

you win a tennis match and attribute the win to the winner

Which of the following statements most accurately represents the 3rd force of psychology?

your small business reaches a new level of sales. all your hard work is finally paying off