Psychology Ch 15 (book multi choice)

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality? A. antisocial personality disorder B. avoidant personality disorder C. borderline personality disorder D. schizotypal personality disorder

C. borderline personality disorder

At the most basic level, schizophrenia is best conceptualized as a(n) ________ disorder. A. impulse control B. obsessive-compulsive C. dissociative D. psychotic

D. psychotic

Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails and that the spiders will hatch inside his skin and will eventually begin to eat his organs. What kind of delusion is this? A. disorganized B. grandiose C. paranoid D. somatic

D. somatic

People with borderline personality disorder often ________. a. try to be the center of attention b. are shy and withdrawn c. are impulsive and unpredictable d. tend to accomplish goals through cruelty

c. are impulsive and unpredictable

Research indicates that the symptoms of OCD ________. a. are similar to the symptoms of panic disorder b. are triggered by low levels of stress hormones c. are related to hyperactivity in the orbitofrontal cortex d. are reduced if people are asked to view photos of stimuli that trigger the symptoms

c. are related to hyperactivity in the orbitofrontal cortex

Which of the following would constitute a safety behavior? a. encountering a phobic stimulus in the company of other people b. avoiding a field where snakes are likely to be present c. avoiding eye contact d. worrying as a distraction from painful memories

c. avoiding eye contact

Dissociative identity disorder mainly involves ________. a. depersonalization b. derealization c. schizophrenia d. different personalities

d. different personalities

What is comorbidity? A. co-occurrence of two disorders B. having two causes for a single disorder C. having two causes of death D. mental disorder leading to death

A. co-occurrence of two disorders

Identify two neurodevelopmental disorders. A. OCD and PTSD B. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism C. borderline personality and post-partum depression D. anxiety disorder and dissociative disorder

B. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism

Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in the development of symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder? A. anterior cortex B. cingulate cortex C. orbitofrontal cortex D. prefrontal cortex

C. orbitofrontal cortex

Dr. Anastasia believes that major depressive disorder is caused by an over-secretion of cortisol. His view on the cause of major depressive disorder reflects a ________ perspective. a. psychological b. supernatural c. biological d. diathesis-stress

c. biological

Suicide rates are ________ among men than among women, and they are ________ during the winter holiday season than during the spring months. a. higher; higher b. lower; lower c. higher; lower d. lower; higher

c. higher; lower

Which of the following is not a primary characteristic of ADHD? a. short attention span b. difficulty concentrating and distractibility c. restricted and fixated interest d. excessive fidgeting and squirming

c. restricted and fixated interest

The letters in the abbreviation DSM-5 stand for ________. a. Diseases and Statistics Manual of Medicine b. Diagnosable Standards Manual of Mental Disorders c. Diseases and Symptoms Manual of Mental Disorders d. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

d. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder? A. Gemma exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to. B. Gemma is quick to anger and is incapable of dealing with a situation in which she is not the center of attention. C. Gemma is submissive and physically clings to the people around her. D. Gemma is very impulsive—as soon as an idea enters her head she acts upon it.

A. Gemma exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to.

Which pair of neurotransmitters has received the most attention as a potential explanation for the symptoms of schizophrenia? A. gamma-aminobutyric acid and oxytocin B. norepinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid C. serotonin and norepinephrine D. dopamine and serotonin

D. dopamine and serotonin

. What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common? A. conviction that the patient herself is the cause of many people's troubles B. generalized anxiety and specific phobias C. obsession with the suffering of others D. repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts

D. repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model? A. Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died. B. Ozzie treats his depression by exposing himself to a series of stressors so he can learn coping skills. C. Ozzie treats his manic episodes by using medication to induce depression. D. Ozzie's doctor does not believe that mental illness has a biological basis.

A. Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

What is the primary difference between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder? A. The onset or duration of symptoms B. one is an anxiety disorder the other neurodevelopmental C. PTSD starts in childhood D. acute stress disorder does not involve a traumatic event

A. The onset or duration of symptoms

Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________? A. asymptomatic B. episodic C. limited in duration to a few weeks D. reoccurring every few months

B. episodic

Those symptoms that involve noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives in those afflicted with schizophrenia are called ________ symptoms. A. absentee B. invisible C. negative D. positive

C. negative

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America? A. International Classification of Diseases B. Determinants of Social Mental Disorders C. Determining Statistical Manifestation of Disorders D. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

D. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing dissociative ________. A. psychosis B. identity disorder C. depersonalization D. fugue

D. fugue

Clifford falsely believes that the police have planted secret cameras in his home to monitor his every movement. Clifford's belief is an example of ________. a. a delusion b. a hallucination c. tangentiality d. a negative symptom

a. a delusion

Antisocial personality disorder is associated with ________. a. emotional deficits b. memory deficits c. parental overprotection d. increased empathy

a. emotional deficits

A study based on over 9,000 U. S. residents found that the most prevalent disorder was ________. a. major depressive disorder b. social anxiety disorder c. obsessive-compulsive disorder d. specific phobia

a. major depressive disorder

Which of the following elevates the risk for developing PTSD? a. severity of the trauma b. frequency of the trauma c. high levels of intelligence d. social support

a. severity of the trauma

The diathesis-stress model presumes that psychopathology results from ________. a. vulnerability and adverse experiences b. biochemical factors c. chemical imbalances and structural abnormalities in the brain d. adverse childhood experiences

a. vulnerability and adverse experiences

Patterns of inner experience and behavior are thought to reflect the presence of a psychological disorder if they ________. a. are highly atypical b. lead to significant distress and impairment in one's life c. embarrass one's friends and/or family d. violate the norms of one's culture

b. lead to significant distress and impairment in one's life

Dissociative amnesia involves ________. a. memory loss following head trauma b. memory loss following stress c. feeling detached from the self d. feeling detached from the world

b. memory loss following stress

Symptoms of PTSD include all of the following except ________. a. intrusive thoughts or memories of a traumatic event b. avoidance of things that remind one of a traumatic event c. jumpiness d. physical complaints that cannot be explained medically

d. physical complaints that cannot be explained medically

A study of adoptees whose biological mothers had schizophrenia found that the adoptees were most likely to develop schizophrenia ________. a. if their childhood friends later developed schizophrenia b. if they abused drugs during adolescence c. if they were raised in a disturbed adoptive home environment d. regardless of whether they were raised in a healthy or disturbed home environment

c. if they were raised in a disturbed adoptive home environment

Which of the following best illustrates a compulsion? a. mentally counting backward from 1,000 b. persistent fear of germs c. thoughts of harming a neighbor d. falsely believing that a spouse has been cheating

a. mentally counting backward from 1,000

Common symptoms of major depressive disorder include all of the following except ________. a. periods of extreme elation and euphoria b. difficulty concentrating and making decisions c. loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities d. psychomotor agitation and retardation

a. periods of extreme elation and euphoria

In the harmful dysfunction definition of psychological disorders, dysfunction involves ________. a. the inability of an psychological mechanism to perform its function b. the breakdown of social order in one's community c. communication problems in one's immediate family d. all the above

a. the inability of an psychological mechanism to perform its function

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders? A. becoming split off, or separated, from one's core sense of self B. feeling sad and hopeless over a long period of time C. memory loss D. rapidly fluctuating mood

A. becoming split off, or separated, from one's core sense of self

One of the primary characteristics of autism spectrum disorder is ________. a. bed-wetting b. difficulty relating to others c. short attention span d. intense and inappropriate interest in others

b. difficulty relating to others

In which of the following anxiety disorders is the person in a continuous state of excessive, pointless worry and apprehension? a. panic disorder b. generalized anxiety disorder c. agoraphobia d. social anxiety disorder

b. generalized anxiety disorder

A psychological disorder is a ________. A. condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors B. condition characterized by normal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors C. medical condition that has identifiable neurological causes. D. set of situational, idiosyncratic, or unconventional inner feelings

A. condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

. Lindsay has been fighting her unrealistic and irrational fear of trucks for her entire life. She is able to ride any other type of vehicle - a car, a bicycle, even a helicopter - but she is terrified of getting into any form of truck and refuses to do so. Diagnostically this would be categorized as a(n) ________ phobia. A. specific B. common C. stress-related D. anxiety

A. specific

Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about dissociative disorders? A. People with these disorders become disconnected from their sense of self. B. People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture. C. People with these disorders experience memory and identity disturbances. D. These disorders have a psychological rather than a physical cause.

B. People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture.

Egon can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________. A. intellectual disability B. attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder C. autism spectrum disorder D. schizoid personality disorder

B. attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

A person suffering from a(n) ________ will have a sensory and perceptual experience in the absence of any real stimulus in their environment. A. psychotic event B. hallucination C. delusion D. panic attack

B. hallucination

Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why? A. Apollonia also suffers from social anxiety disorder. B. Mood disorders are more likely to occur in younger people. C. Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis. D. People who grow up with a depressed parent usually become depressed themselves.

C. Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis.