psychology chap. 14

Hippocrates

4 humors (black bile, yellow bile, blood, phlegm) helped answer the question of where do traits come from

humanistic approach

An approach to psychology emphasizing a person's positive qualities, the capacity for positive growth, and the freedom to choose any destiny.

collective unconcious

Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history

personal unconscious

Jung's name for the unconscious mind as described by Freud

five factor model

Openess to experience Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism developed by McCrae and Costa

acculturation

The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another.

determinism

The assumption that behavior is caused by heredity and environment

trait

a reasonably stable aspect of personality

self concept

a view of oneself as an individual

carl jung

analytic psychlogy everyone has a repressed unconscious and an inherited collective unconscious

archetypes

basic, primiative concepts that are in every collective unconscious wise old man, fairy god mother, young hero

albert bandura

behavior could be learned from direct experience and observation

erik erikson

believed social relationships are the most important factors in personality emphasized the emotional climate in a mother child relationship

karen horney

believed the chilhood memories played a large role in the development of adult personality greatest influence is social relationships feelings of insecurity casued hostility for the child

carl rogers

believes everyone is basically good

individuation

bringing together conscious elements with unconscious stereotypes

congruence

consistency between self-perceptions and experience

Gordon Allport

decided that a person's behavior is a collection of traits cataloged 18,000 words to describe human traits

Hans Eysenck

focused on the relationship between two personality dimensions introversion and extroversion

j.b watson

founded behaviorism believed external influences shaped behavior

erich fromm

his theory centered around the need to belong and the loneliness that freedom can bring

abraham maslow

humans are seperated from lower animals because they recognize a desire to achieve self actualization t reach their full potential

harry stack sullivan

interpersonal psychoanalysis; groundwork for enmeshed relationships, developed the Self-System, a configuration of personality traits

learning perspective

learning is the mechanical result of reinforcement

Freud

made psychoanalysis everyone struggles with an inner conflict weird guy

self efficacy

models behavior after someone

super ego

moral principle develops throughout early childhood

phenomenological perspective

one view can become a whole group's view

stages of development

oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage, genital stage

extrovert

outgoing, thrives in social settings

Personality

patterns of feeling, motives, and behavior that set people apart

alfred adler

people are motivated to overcome feelings of inferiority

socialization

people learn socially socially desirable behavior of their particular culture

projection

people see their own faults in others

social cognitive theory

personality is shaped and learning is acquired by interacting with the environment, different behavior, and personal factors

sociocultural perspective

perspective that focuses on the relationship between social behavior and culture

Id

pleasure principle develops at birth

libido

psychological energy that needs to be released

repression

pushes away threatening thoughts or ideas into the unconscious

b.f skinner

radical behaviorism believed that we should pay attention to outer behavior not inner behavior

self actualization

reaching full potential

ego

reality principle develops when a child's demands for instant gratification cannot be met

regression

return to an earlier or less advanced condition or developmental stage when faced with anxiety

introvert

shy, reserved, typically self centered

displacement

someone takes stress from one area of their life and applies it elsewhere

Raymond Cattell

source traits (underlying traits), surface traits (what we see)

Trait Theory

study of human personality

inferiority complex

the need to compensate for physical problems

defense mechanisms

used to avoid emotions or ideas that will cause anxiety

rationalization

uses self deception to justify unacceptable ideas or behaviors

reaction formation

when people act contrary to their true feelings ("Grease")

sublimation

when someone channels their behavior into a socially acceptable activity

Denial

when someone refuses to accept the reality of a situation