Psychology Chapter 1
According to the biopsychosocial model, what determines health? Answers: applying biological principles to the psychology of a healthy social life interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors primarily biology; individual psychology and social factors are sometimes relevant successful application of biopsychological principles to social life
B
Critical thinking is ________. Answers: applying a set of skills to find information about a controversial topic applying a set of skills to understand and evaluate information applying information to understand and evaluate social phenomena reviewing information on the Internet to develop a critical opinion on it
B
Lucy wants to study changes in cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in ________ psychology. Answers: cognitive developmental personality social
B
According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to ________. Answers: interpret dreams manipulate human behavior study the function of behavior study the structure and characteristics of the mind
C
Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________. Answers: studying how emotional responses influence behavior while deemphasizing the importance of the subconscious studying implicit motivations for behavior through the use of implicit association tests studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes studying the genetic basis for behavior and theorizing how instincts influence behavior
C
Which of the following does not influence perception? Answers: Gestalt cultural background previous experiences where we focus our attention
A
Which of the following is a feminist criticism of the science of psychology? Answers: Male bias exists in science Male psychologists assume that their results do not apply to women. Male psychologists do not pay enough attention to relationships Male psychologists emphasize objective data over subjective data
A
Which of the following psychologists was a behaviorist? Answers: John Watson Sigmund Freud Wilhelm Wundt William James
A
When studying personality traits, someone who is quiet, reserved, and withdrawn will score low on the ________ trait Answers: agreeableness extroversion neuroticism openness
B
Which kind of psychological area does the work of Jean Piaget exemplify? Answers: biopsychology developmental psychology personality psychology sensation and perception
B
Which of the following is not part of feminist psychology? Answers: discovering the contributions of women to psychology favoring women over men questioning the practice of science itself when it is male biased studying psychological gender differences
B
Which theorist had the most influence in shaping how clinicians interact with people seeking psychotherapy? Answers: Abraham Maslow Carl Rogers Wilhelm Wundt William James
B
Oona wants to conduct research on personnel management, workplace environment, and what type of environment results in high levels of employee productivity and efficiency. Oona should conduct research in the area of ________ psychology. Answers: biological Gestalt industrial-organizational social
C
Peter is interested in pursuing a ________ training program with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention after he receives his PhD, which will allow him to further develop his research on adolescent suicide and broaden his research skills under the supervision of CDC researchers. Answers: industrial medical postdoctoral predoctoral
C
Psychology refers to the ________. Answers: empirical study of humanity experimental study of individuals scientific study of the mind systematic study of human interaction
C
When studying personality traits, someone who is calm, even-tempered, and secure will score low on the ________ trait. Answers: agreeableness conscientiousness neuroticism openness
C
Which of the following defines hypothesis? Answers: idea that proves a theory means of explaining social phenomena tentative explanation way of looking at the world
C
William James was the ________. Answers: author of the first psychology textbook father of psychology first American psychologist first psychoanalyst
C
________ is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans. Answers: behaviorism gestalt humanism structuralism
C
According to Sigmund Freud, all of the following represent ways to access the unconscious mind except through ________. Answers: dream analysis examination of the first words that come to someone's mind seemingly innocent slips of the tongue the use of reinforcement and punishment
D
Char heard from her friends that marijuana use can cure glaucoma so it should be legal in all 50 states. Char knows that she is biased in favor of marijuana legalization, so she decides to exercise some skepticism about this claim. She researches where her friends got their information, how reliable it is, and what other sources say about legalizing marijuana. Char is ________. Answers: acting unconsciously hypothesizing theorizing thinking critically
D
I provide Ralph with the positive reinforcement of a candy bar when he does something I like. I punish him by squirting him with a squirt gun when he does something I don't like. I am applying the principles of ________ in an attempt to modify Ralph's behavior. Answers: classical conditioning functionalism humanism operant conditioning
D
The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding ________. Answers: emotions and cultural norms that underlie emotional responses genetics and the evolutionary adaptations that underlie behavior stimulus-response and the instincts that underlie human reaction to pain the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior
D
What is a PsyD? Answers: Doctor of Philosophy Doctor of Psychiatry Doctor of Psychoanalysis Doctor of Psychology
D
When studying personality traits, someone who is practical, conventional, and prefers routine will score low on the ________ trait. Answers: agreeableness extroversion neuroticism openness
D