Psychology Chapter 1

With ___________________ psychologists can observe behavior where it happens "in the field."

Naturalistic-Observation

________ is the scientific study of behavior and mental behavior.

Psychology

______ research has been characterized as research for its own sake.

Pure

_________ propose reasons for relationships among events and allow us to derive explanations and predictions.

Theories

A _______________ is a complete group, of interest to researches, from which a sample is drawn for an experiment.

population

B.F. Skinner proposed that organisms learn to behave in certain ways because their behavior has a ____________ outcome.

positive

Wilhelm Wundt is credited with establishing the first ____________ laboratory in Leipzig, Germany.

psychological

Humanism stresses people's capacities for ______________________ and the central role of consciousness, self-awareness, and decision making.

self-fulfillment

Psychoanalysis aims to help patients find __________ acceptable ways of expressing wishes and gratifying needs.

socially

The deliberate looking into one's own ________________________ examine ones thoughts and feelings is termed introspection.

thoughts and emotions

____________ psychologists showed that people tend to perceive separate pieces of information as integrated wholes depending on the context in which they occur.

Gestalt

Gustav Theodor Fechner showed how ___________ events are related to psychological sensation and perceptions.

physical

The _________________________ perspective is grounded in the work of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.

Humanistic-Existential

A(n) _________________ psychologist primarily focus on the relationships between people and work.

Industrial

A(n) ________________ psychologist deals with legal matters and evaluate eyewitness testimonies

Forensic

Gestalt psychologists believe that learning can be ________ and purposeful.

active

Personality psychologists are particularly concerned with issues such as ___________, aggression, and gender roles.

anxiety

Functionalists focus on ____________ as well as the mind or consciousness.

behavior

Interviewers may influence participants to give responses that suit their expectations in ________ studies.

case

Psychoanalysis emphasizes unconscious ideas and impulses that originate in ___________ conflict.

childhood

Insisting on evidence is a principle of ___________ thinking.

critical

Gender refers to the _______________ defined concept of masculinity and femininity.

culturally

The measured results, or outcomes, in an experiment are called __________ variables.

dependent

Social-cognitive theorists suggest that people can modify and create their _________________.

environments

William James argued that the stream of consciousness was __________ and continuous.

fluid

William James was a founder of the school of ___________________.

functionalism

In the scientific method, a research question may be studied as a question or reworded as a _____________.

hypothesis

In Gestalt psychology, learning especially problem solving, is accomplished primarily by ______________.

insight

Wilhelm Wundt used ___________ to try discover the basic elements of experience.

introspection

Developmental psychologists primarily study the changes -- physical, cognitive, social, and emotional -- that occurs throughout the ________________.

life span

Erik Erikson was a famous ___________.

neoanalyst

Structuralist were the first to believe the mind functions by combining ___________ and subjective elements of experience.

objective

Applied research is designed to find solutions to specific __________ or social problems.

personal