Psychology Chapter 1
With ___________________ psychologists can observe behavior where it happens "in the field."
Naturalistic-Observation
________ is the scientific study of behavior and mental behavior.
Psychology
______ research has been characterized as research for its own sake.
Pure
_________ propose reasons for relationships among events and allow us to derive explanations and predictions.
Theories
A _______________ is a complete group, of interest to researches, from which a sample is drawn for an experiment.
population
B.F. Skinner proposed that organisms learn to behave in certain ways because their behavior has a ____________ outcome.
positive
Wilhelm Wundt is credited with establishing the first ____________ laboratory in Leipzig, Germany.
psychological
Humanism stresses people's capacities for ______________________ and the central role of consciousness, self-awareness, and decision making.
self-fulfillment
Psychoanalysis aims to help patients find __________ acceptable ways of expressing wishes and gratifying needs.
socially
The deliberate looking into one's own ________________________ examine ones thoughts and feelings is termed introspection.
thoughts and emotions
____________ psychologists showed that people tend to perceive separate pieces of information as integrated wholes depending on the context in which they occur.
Gestalt
Gustav Theodor Fechner showed how ___________ events are related to psychological sensation and perceptions.
physical
The _________________________ perspective is grounded in the work of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
Humanistic-Existential
A(n) _________________ psychologist primarily focus on the relationships between people and work.
Industrial
A(n) ________________ psychologist deals with legal matters and evaluate eyewitness testimonies
Forensic
Gestalt psychologists believe that learning can be ________ and purposeful.
active
Personality psychologists are particularly concerned with issues such as ___________, aggression, and gender roles.
anxiety
Functionalists focus on ____________ as well as the mind or consciousness.
behavior
Interviewers may influence participants to give responses that suit their expectations in ________ studies.
case
Psychoanalysis emphasizes unconscious ideas and impulses that originate in ___________ conflict.
childhood
Insisting on evidence is a principle of ___________ thinking.
critical
Gender refers to the _______________ defined concept of masculinity and femininity.
culturally
The measured results, or outcomes, in an experiment are called __________ variables.
dependent
Social-cognitive theorists suggest that people can modify and create their _________________.
environments
William James argued that the stream of consciousness was __________ and continuous.
fluid
William James was a founder of the school of ___________________.
functionalism
In the scientific method, a research question may be studied as a question or reworded as a _____________.
hypothesis
In Gestalt psychology, learning especially problem solving, is accomplished primarily by ______________.
insight
Wilhelm Wundt used ___________ to try discover the basic elements of experience.
introspection
Developmental psychologists primarily study the changes -- physical, cognitive, social, and emotional -- that occurs throughout the ________________.
life span
Erik Erikson was a famous ___________.
neoanalyst
Structuralist were the first to believe the mind functions by combining ___________ and subjective elements of experience.
objective
Applied research is designed to find solutions to specific __________ or social problems.
personal