Psychology Chapter 11
According to the general adaptation syndrome, the levels of endocrine and sympathetic activity in the _________ are lower than the levels in the alarm reaction but still higher than normal.
resistance stage
Eugene believes that he can bring about positive changes in his life through his own efforts. Psychologists would say that Eugene has high _____.
self-efficacy expectations
The field of psychology that studies the relationships between psychological factors and the prevention and treatment of physical wellness problems is known as _____.
health psychology
According to the general adaptation syndrome, the _________ is triggered by perception of a stressor.
alarm reaction
_____ is a demand made on an organism to adapt, cope, or adjust.
Stress
According to the different kinds of social support, _________ involves listening to people's problems and expressing feelings of sympathy, caring, understanding, and reassurance.
emotional concern
In _________, each of several alternative courses of action has pluses and minuses.
multiple approach-avoidance conflict
Influenza is caused by a virus. This virus is an example of disease-causing organisms called _____.
pathogens
Many health problems are affected by _________, such as attitudes, emotions, and behavior.
psychological factors
According to the different kinds of social support, _________ involves making conversation, recreation, and even going shopping with someone.
socializing
_________ such as pathogens, injuries, age, gender, and a family history of disease may strike us as the most obvious causes of illness.
Biological factors
_________ is the feeling of being pulled in two or more directions by opposing motives.
Conflict
_________ can be positive or negative, occur at irregular intervals, and create stress.
Life changes
The immune system is able to fight off foreign substances like pathogens because of the functioning of white blood cells called _________.
leukocytes
The belief that we can bring about desired changes through our own efforts is called _________.
self-efficacy expectation
Lisa is a single parent of three children. During the course of each week, she prepares meals, shops for grocery, and takes care of the household. She also has a demanding job that she does not like, but cannot quit as she is concerned about meeting her everyday expenses. Psychologists refer to these stresses as _____.
daily hassles
________ are regularly occurring experiences that can harm our well-being, even our sex lives.
Daily hassles
_________ allows us to brace ourselves for the inevitable and, in many cases, plan ways of coping with it.
Predictability
_________ is a cluster of traits that buffer stress and are characterized by commitment, challenge, and control.
Psychological hardiness
According to the different types of social support, _________ involves helping people interpret, or "make sense of," what has happened to them.
appraisal
In _________, each of two goals is desirable, and both are within reach.
approach-approach conflict
In _____ conflict, you are motivated to avoid each of the two negative goals. However, avoiding one requires approaching the other.
avoidance-avoidance
To _________ is to interpret negative events as being disastrous or to "blow out of proportion."
catastrophize
Mark, a cancer patient, has decided to face his disease with courage and make whatever adjustments necessary to enjoy the rest of his life. According to Kobasa, Mark demonstrates the _____ characteristic of psychologically hardy people.
challenge
Overtime work, assembly line labor, and exposure to conflicting demands can all contribute to _________.
coronary heart disease
When an individual can no longer cope with ongoing stress and becomes ill, he or she has reached the _________ of the general adaptation syndrome.
exhaustion stage
According to Selye's general adaptation syndrome, in an exhaustion stage, _____.
many aspects of sympathetic activity are reversed
After getting back from work, Greg is attempting to decide whether he should stay home or exercise at the gym. He wants to stay at home because he likes to relax, but he feels guilty about not getting enough exercise. He knows that if he goes to the gym, he will be glad that he is exercising but unhappy because he does not enjoy the activity. According to Neal E. Miller, this is an example of _____.
multiple approach-avoidance conflict
Connor was frightened as his cab was weaving in and out of traffic across the city. The level of his endocrine and sympathetic activity eventually lowered as his body attempted to restore lost energy and repair damage. Connor is in the _____ of the general adaptation syndrome.
resistance stage
Feeling lonely and being socially isolated are examples of _____.
inner concern hassles