Psychology Chapter 11 Questions

Brendan must give an oral presentation in 10 minutes at the start of his class. In response to this threat:

Blood flow increases to Brendan's muscles.

Following an ugly confrontation with a co-worker, Simon seeks sympathy from his friends. Simon is practicing _____coping.

Emotion-focused.

Liz loses her well-paid executive position in a round of corporate downsizing. She spends the evening becoming intoxicated in a seedy bar across town. Liz is demonstrating _____coping.

Emotion-focused.

After an aerobic exercise program, the body's production of serotonin:

Increases.

Which statement is true of exercise?

Aerobic exercise increases arousal.

Jim has been taking medication and going to psychotherapy to treat his depressive symptoms. Which of these would enhance his treatment?

Aerobic exercise.

Carlos' wife is going to the hospital for a painful spinal tap and he is permitted to be with her during the procedure. What advice would you give Carlos that would reduce the stress for his wife?

Hold her hand and talk to her about funny events in her life.

Susan was diagnosed with early stage breast cancer and was referred by her doctor to a mindfulness meditation group. Her doctor explained that meditation may help her by:

Improving immune functioning and coping.

Those who believe that they control their own destiny have an _____locus of control.

Internal.

When Jason, aged 10, comes home from school, he is often very loud, energetic, and sometimes irritable. His mother is worried about his impulsiveness, but is unsure if it is a problem because he seems to act this way only when he has had school that day and his teacher describes him as well-behaved in the classroom. What is the BEST explanation for his after-school behavior?

Jason used up his energy for self-control in school.

Jennifer was driving her car to school when it broke down. Which statement is true?

Jennifer's feelings of frustration are a stress reaction.

Jenny's mother sets Jenny's clothes out the night before school. Her father allows Jenny to choose the clothes that she wants to wear. Jenny's grandmother noticed that Jenny was more cooperative with her father than with her mother when getting ready for school. Which of these is the MOST likely explanation?

Jenny experiences more personal control when her father gets her ready for school.

Jeremy's New Year's resolution is to lose weight and stop smoking. Based on the research on self-control, which approach is likely to be MOST successful?

Jeremy should try to lose weight first and then stop smoking.

Jessica was walking home from work when she found a $20 bill on the ground. There was no one around, so she picked up the money. As she rounded the corner, she saw a woman with an armful of groceries entering a building. Which scenario is MOST likely?

Jessica rushes to hold the door for the woman.

Jim recently received a large inheritance from a distant relative. Based on research, it can be expected that:

Jim will initially be happy, but will then adjust and need more to be happy.

Selma participated in a research project in college, and she was identified as being less happy than average. During a follow-up study 20 years later, researchers found all of these EXCEPT Selma was:

Less likely to have met all of her life goals than her happy peers.

Individuals who have an internal locus of control generally have:

Less obesity.

James is a married man who has six children and another one on the way. He has a demanding job as a cardiologist in a major research hospital. His wife, Molly, is a stay-at-home mother. He is described by friends as easygoing, happy, and content with his life. His wife is often stressed by the demands of pregnancy as well as raising six small children. She is frequently angry with James for not taking parenting more seriously. Which statement is MOST likely true?

Molly is more at risk for stress-related illnesses than James.

Sandy participated in a research project in college, and she was identified as being happier than average. During a follow-up study 20 years later, researchers found all of these EXCEPT Sandy was:

More likely to have met all of her life goals than less happy peers.

The textbook describes an analysis of the emotion words used in billions of social media status updates from 2007 to 2010. Which research method does this analysis exemplify?

Naturalistic observation.

Today, the empirical study of happiness is MOST closely associated with _____psychology.

Positive.

Faced with overlapping, unrealistic deadlines at work, Ira recruits his co-workers to perform some of the routine clerical tasks associated with the projects. Ira is engaged in _____coping.

Problem-focused.

When people speak of "being proactive" or "getting in front of a situation," they usually mean tackling an obstacle head-on so that it does not become a bigger issue. These phrases MOST clearly suggest _____coping.

Problem-focused.

Lorenzo is preparing a lecture on the benefits of exercise and he will highlight all of these EXCEPT exercise:

Provides decreased warmth and body arousal.

Dr. Navarre investigates the link between coping strategies and immune system functioning during stressful situations. Dr. Navarre is BEST described as a:

Psychoneuroimmunologist.

Rachel is a very optimistic young woman. She usually expects the best, even in uncertain times. Her college roommate, Leah, is pessimistic and is always expecting the worst. For these two women, what prediction is likely during finals week?

Rachel will have less fatigue and fewer coughs than will Leah.

Nadine believes she is less successful than most of her social media friends. This perception BEST illustrates the concept of:

Relative deprivation.

Joe has been in treatment for lung cancer for the past 11 months, but has described himself as thankful and happy for every day that he has. The personal strength that has helped him to cope can be described as:

Resilience.

Maggie just started her fourth year of medical school and is an avid cyclist. During her summer off of medical school she had a bike accident that produced a large contusion on her knee. If Maggie had the same accident during finals week, what would one expect to happen?

She would heal more slowly than in the summer.

Hillary rates her satisfaction with her life as an 8 out of 10. This score refers to her:

Subjective well-being.

Jane and Sue leave a building and see a dog running toward them. Jane assumes that the dog wants to play. Sue assumes the dog is going to attack. Which of these is MOST likely?

Sue's stress reaction will be more negative than Jane's.

A local religious organization has taken an interest in reaching out to community members with AIDS. They were prompted to do this when they learned that religiously active AIDS patients _____than do their nonreligious counterparts.

Survive longer.

Religiously active AIDS patients _____than do their nonreligious counterparts.

Survive longer.

When faced with a stressor, one's brain sounds an alarm and activates one's _____nervous system.

Sympathetic.

Mandisa is under an extreme amount of stress. She is battling with her ex-husband about money and their children. In this time of stress, Mandisa turns to her friends for support and spends as much time with her children as possible. Taylor and colleagues would say that she is responding to stress according to which model?

Tend and befriend.

With each new accomplishment, each career advance, and each raise, Joe somehow feels that it is still not enough. Joe's example BEST illustrates:

The adaptation-level phenomenon.

Since 1950, Americans' happiness has remained constant, even though their buying power has

Tripled.

Alan reluctantly decided to take a long-awaited trip to New Zealand. The thing that is most disturbing to him is that he must leave his pet monkey behind. There is a pet hotel in the city that has agreed to take him. Should Alan worry about him?

Yes. Monkeys under stress due to social disruptions have weakened immune systems.

Jennifer has been experiencing depression. Which recommendation from her doctor is likely to be MOST successful?

Join an exercise group.

Grandma Jones was recently admitted to a nursing home. She was quite ill and on a restricted diet, so the staff made all the decisions for her. They chose her meals, her clothes, and when she was able to get out of bed. As Grandma Jones' health improved, her grandchildren noticed that she seemed to have difficulty asserting herself with the staff. This can be explained by:

Learned helplessness.

Among a sample of Holocaust survivors, self-disclosure concerning their experiences was _____associated with their physical health later on.

Positively.

Which statement is true about wealth?

Once you have enough money for basic needs and a sense of control, more money does not add happiness.

The director of an assisted-living housing complex was puzzled by a situation. When she let the residents choose their own dinnertime, as well as what they wanted to eat, she realized there were far fewer health problems and deaths. To what might she attribute this?

Perceived control.

Hakeem is a fourth year medical student. He has the tendency to downplay every successful exam. Every little setback is evidence to him that he will never graduate even though he has had several successful evaluations. Hakeem has a(n) _____outlook.

Pessimistic.

Carissa is in the middle of finals week and finds that her anxiety and stress levels are making it difficult to concentrate on her studying. She should:

Spend time petting her dog.

John has been an active member of his church for the past 35 years. His good health may be attributed to:

Access to a support network.

Anders has just received devastating news about the coffee shop he owns. Things seem very bleak because a nationally known competitor is moving in on the same block. Anders has many debts to pay off and his wife is expecting their fourth child. When he hears the bad news, his heart rate zooms and he feels faint, as if he is in shock. According to Selye's general adaptation syndrome, Anders is in Phase:

1, experiencing an alarm reaction.

Roger has a good amount on his plate. He works full time, he also has a part-time job, and has a new consulting company in response to his son's special needs. He seems to be coping with everything quite well, for the moment anyway. In Selye's general adaptation syndrome, Roger is in Phase:

2, in a state of resistance.

Maya owes the credit card company $20,000, her adjustable-rate mortgage has just gone up, and she has been out of work for 3 months. Her husband of 15 years came home today to tell her he was having an affair and wants a divorce. With that news, she collapsed and had to be taken to the emergency room. In Selye's general adaptation syndrome, Maya is in Phase:

3, in a state of exhaustion.

Heredity accounts for about _____percent of the variation among people in happiness ratings.

50.

Transitioning from an active exercise routine to a sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of depression in the next two years by just over _____percent.

50.

In one study of over 650,000 adults, walking 150 minutes per week predicted living _____more years.

7.

Nearly _____percent of all Americans think that being very well off is important for happiness. This belief is _____ by scientific research.

75; contradicted.

People who attend religious services regularly live about _____years longer than do nonattenders.

8.

Cheryl's father-in-law had a serious heart attack several weeks ago. She is concerned because he lives alone. After his heart attack, which acquisition would increase his odds of survival?

A dog.

Julia is awoken in the middle of the night to the sound of breaking glass. Her increased heart rate and respiration can BEST be explained as:

A fight-or-flight response.

After the terrorist attacks of 9/11, many people from around the country went to New York City to lend aid. This response to stress is an example of:

A tend-and-befriend response.

Dewey just won a $145 million lottery prize. If he is typical, one year from now, he will be:

About as happy as he was before he won the lottery.

Heredity accounts for _____of the variation among people in happiness ratings.

About half.

_____is NOT a predictor of happiness.

Age.

Abdul has just discovered his term paper is due tomorrow when he thought it was due next week. According to Hans Selye, Abdul will likely be experiencing the _____stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

Alarm.

Tammy was hired to improve morale at a large manufacturing company. Which change is likely to have the MOST positive effect on morale?

Allowing workers to stop the conveyor belt when they see a problem.

Major positive events such as winning the lottery usually lead to:

An initial surge in happiness, followed by a slow return to previous levels.

Which person is the BEST example of a Type A personality?

Andre, a competitive, easily angered journalist.

Fighting bacterial infections is to _____as attacking viruses is to _____.

B-lymphocyte; T-lymphocyte.

Shane's doctor suggests that he begin an aerobic exercise program in addition to the psychotherapy for his depression. As a result, Shane will experience all of these EXCEPT that he will:

Become more depressed from the stress of the exercise program.

Based on the textbook's discussion, experiencing less stress is to better managing stress as _____is to _____.

Being optimistic; meditation.

Compared to college students in the 1960s, today's college students report:

Being wealthy as more important than having a meaningful life.

People tend to use emotion-focused, rather than problem-focused, coping strategies when they:

Believe they cannot change a stressful situation.

Sydney is on her way to a meeting with her boss. In response to this anxiety-provoking situation, her:

Blood flows to her muscles.

Consider these two statements: 1) Doing good promotes feeling good. 2) Feeling good promotes doing good. Which of these statements is true?

Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are true.

Unpredictable large-scale events such as tornados, tsunamis, and terrorism are examples of:

Catastrophes.

Marcus is going through a particularly difficult time because of work-related stress, his parents' health problems, impending final exams, and term paper deadlines. Marcus has a history of not dealing well with stress. The continuous stress is likely to cause all of these EXCEPT:

Cause Marcus to develop cancer.

Regular aerobic exercise has NOT been found to:

Constrict blood vessels.

One effective strategy for reducing angry feelings is to:

Count to 10.

In the 1990s, Alanis Morissette sang that "a traffic jam when you're already late" is ironic. While it actually may not be ironic, this situation is indeed a(n):

Daily hassle.

Misplacing one's keys is an example of a type of stressor called a(n):

Daily hassle.

Reeghan was diagnosed with high cholesterol, which led to a heart attack at the age of 52. According to research, which factor increases her likelihood of having further heart problems?

Depression.

Relative _____refers to the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself.

Deprivation.

Lorna examines how social support may buffer the negative effects of stigma on the well-being of HIV-positive gay men of color. Lorna is MOST likely a(n) _____psychologist.

Health.

Lupe examines how social support may buffer the negative effects of stigma on the well-being of HIV-positive gay men of color. Lupe is MOST likely a _____psychologist.

Health.

Many people report feeling happier after performing random acts of kindness. This is an example of:

Doing good promoting feeling good.

With respect to coping, which statement is true?

Emotion-focused coping may be more effective than problem-focused coping when the situation is uncontrollable.

After breaking up with her boyfriend, Kathy alleviated her stress by avoiding contact with her ex-boyfriend and by planning recreational activities with her best girlfriend. Kathy's behavior BEST illustrates:

Emotion-focused coping.

"Always look on the bright side of life," advises an old saying. Looking on the bright side suggests _____coping.

Emotion-focused.

Dani consciously adopts an attitude of gratitude and a positive outlook when things are not going well in her life. In these instances, Dani is dealing with stress through _____coping.

Emotion-focused.

Joseph has been experiencing financial problems associated with his recent divorce. He was able to save $300 from his tips, but since he could not pay off his bills, he decided to purchase a flat screen television to help him take his mind off his stress. This is an example of _____coping.

Emotion-focused.

Looking for the silver lining in a challenging situation is an example of _____coping.

Emotion-focused.

Sarah recently had a routine medical test conducted. Her doctor contacted her and told her that there were some irregularities and further tests were needed. While Sarah was concerned about the results, she dealt with her stress by talking to friends, spending time with her family, and staying busy. This is an example of _____coping.

Emotion-focused.

When bad things happen to him, Joe lists all the good things in his life that he is thankful for. Joe's practice exemplifies _____coping.

Emotion-focused.

In his general adaptation syndrome, Hans Selye noted that the greatest threat to one's immune system is during the _____phase.

Exhaustion.

One is MOST susceptible to illness during the _____phase of the general adaptation syndrome.

Exhaustion.

The third phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is characterized by:

Exhaustion.

Carl and Ralph both earned a D on their psychology test. Carl believes that his low grade resulted because his teacher does not like him. Ralph believes that his low grade was due to bad luck. Carl demonstrates an _____locus of control; Ralph demonstrates an _____ locus of control.

External; external.

Casey and Reagan both earned A's on their biology test. Casey believes that her test score was due to luck, while Reagan attributes her grade to hard work. Casey demonstrates an _____locus of control; Reagan demonstrates an _____ locus of control.

External; internal.

When faced with an overwhelming workload, an example of problem-focused coping would be:

Getting a deadline extended.

Davis is a consultant hired to give advice to operators of assisted living facilities. The advice he was hired to give is meant to improve the health of residents. What type of advice would Davis provide in order to positively influence the health of residents?

Give residents more control over social activities and cafeteria food offerings.

When researchers implanted tumor cells in rodents, they found that as compared to unstressed animals, rodents who were in uncontrollable stress situations:

Had larger tumors.

In a senior writing seminar, students were asked to write a brief autobiography. Sixty years later the students MOST likely to be alive and healthy are those who had expressed which outlook in their autobiographies?

Happiness, love, and other positive feelings.

Derek's psychologist has asked him to write about a personal trauma he experienced as a child. How might this writing exercise influence his health?

He will have fewer health problems in the coming months.