Psychology Chapter 13 Quiz

Deceiving and manipulating others for one's own personal gain is a hallmark of which personality disorder?

antisocial

Women are about four times as likely as men to be diagnosed with bipolar disorder.

false

In the last three days, Doug has become progressively more energetic and euphoric. He has been sleeping no more than an hour or two a night, but he seems to have unlimited energy. Doug is inappropriately self-confident as he veers from one grandiose idea to another in his plans to become rich and famous. Doug appears to be experiencing:

a manic episode.

A person with _____ personality disorder is more likely to be self-destructive and threaten to self-mutilate or commit suicide.

borderline

The DSM-5 provides mental health professionals with:

both a common language for labeling mental disorders and comprehensive guidelines for diagnosing them.

Although Kendra often feels ashamed about it, she sometimes frantically consumes cookies, cake, and other sweets to the point that she is painfully full. She then compensates by purging herself of the excessive food by self-induced vomiting. Kendra has the symptoms of bulimia nervosa.

True

Which of the following is an example of a dissociative experience that is pathological or abnormal?

being unable to remember your own name or other important details about your life

Lana is about the right weight for her age and height. Nevertheless, she is so preoccupied by her fear of becoming overweight that whenever she goes on an eating binge, she purges the excessive food by self-induced vomiting. It is likely that Lana suffers from:

bulimia nervosa.

Paul's girlfriend is very concerned about him because his thinking seems to have become increasingly confused. Today, Paul said that he was really the reincarnation of John Lennon, the former member of the Beatles who was shot and killed in 1980. Paul also told her that he had special musical powers and that he needed to start his own rock group so that he could deliver his message to the masses. Paul seems to be experiencing:

delusions of grandeur.

After not seeing Rita for almost a week, a neighbor went to check on her. He discovered that Rita had barricaded all the doors and windows in her apartment because she believed that "terrorist forces" were going to attack her and her three cats. Rita appears to be suffering from:

delusions of persecution.

A(n) _____ disorder is diagnosed when disruptions in personal identity, awareness, or memory are extreme, frequent, and seriously impair the ability to function in everyday life.

dissociative

The dopamine hypothesis is the theory that schizophrenia is related to:

excess dopamine activity in the brain.

Normal anxiety is _____ and pathological anxiety is _____.

reasonable and infrequent; irrational and persistent

Which of the following examples reflects a symptom of an anxiety disorder rather than normal anxiety?

For the past several weeks, Mavis has been unable to concentrate at work because she keeps thinking that something terrible might happen to her son at school, even though she knows that he's safe.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

Men are twice as likely as women to develop PTSD.

Which of the following statements about social anxiety disorder is TRUE?

More women than men experience social anxiety disorder.

Which of the following statements about normal versus abnormal behavior is TRUE?

The difference between normal and abnormal is often a matter of degree.

Present in virtually all cases of dissociative identity disorder are symptoms of:

amnesia, memory lapses, and memory problems.

Fear that you have harmed or will harm another person or have engaged in some form of unacceptable behavior is an example of:

an obsession.

Which of the following involves the development of a phobia through operant conditioning?

Avoiding the feared object or situation is negatively reinforcing, so the person is more likely to avoid the feared object or situation again in the future.

In the movie As Good As It Gets, actor Jack Nicholson plays the character of Melvin Udall, a gifted writer who always eats in the same restaurant, brings his own plastic utensils, and engages in strict patterns of behavior, such as repetitive hand washing or walking carefully on the sidewalk to avoid stepping on a crack. Failure to follow these ritual behaviors results in extreme anxiety and distress. The character Nicholson was portraying would probably be diagnosed with _____ disorder.

obsessive-compulsive

Researchers have found brain structure abnormalities in about _____ of the people who have schizophrenia.

one-half

Sudden, intense, and short-lived anxiety is to _____ as ongoing, persistent, and global anxiety is to _____.

panic disorder; generalized anxiety disorder

In dissociative identity disorder, it is generally believed that the "alters":

represent different aspects of the individual's personality that cannot be integrated into the primary personality.

Bipolar disorder is often treated with a medication called lithium.

true

The textbook defines _____ as a persistent and irrational fear of something, usually a specific object or situation that does not necessarily interfere with the ability to function in daily life.

a phobia

Charlie is suffering from major depressive disorder. Compared with people who are not depressed, Charlie may experience which one of the following symptoms of major depressive disorder?

a preoccupation with death or suicidal thoughts

In a dissociative experience, what normally integrated aspects of personality are divided or separated?

awareness, memory, and personal identity

Three years ago, Margie experienced major depressive disorder. One of the BEST predictors of whether Margie will experience a recurrence of major depressive disorder is:

exposure to recent stressful events.

According to the catastrophic cognitions theory of panic disorder, a biological predisposition toward anxiety, a low sense of control over potentially life-threatening events, and oversensitivity to physical sensations combine to make a person vulnerable to panic.

false

An obsession is a repetitive behavior that a person feels driven to perform.

false

Borderline personality disorder is largely a genetic disorder that is inherited from one's biological parents.

false

Caleb has worked as a city manager for a small Midwestern city since graduating from college about four years ago. The job is okay and Caleb's work performance is acceptable, but Caleb almost always feels slightly down and sad. Caleb's chronic case of "the blues" is characteristic of the psychological disorder called cyclothymic disorder.

false

Global, persistent, chronic, and excessive apprehension is the main feature of panic disorder.

false

Most of the anxiety disorders are much more common in men than in women.

false

Persistent, recurring thoughts are to compulsions as persistent urges to perform certain actions are to obsessions.

false

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia include greatly reduced motivation, emotional expressiveness, or speech.

false

Research has shown that obsessive-compulsive disorder is linked to an excess of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin.

false

The basic theme of delusions of persecution is that the person views himself as extremely powerful, important, or wealthy.

false

The fear of having a panic attack in a place from which escape would be difficult or impossible is called ergophobia.

false

The person who suffers from ataque de nervios fears that his appearance or smell, facial expression, or body language will offend, insult, or embarrass other people.

false

A relatively common symptom in schizophrenia is that the person responds with greatly reduced emotional expressiveness, including facial expressions. This particular symptom is referred to as:

flat affect

People with _____ are constantly tense and anxious, and their anxiety is pervasive. They feel anxious about a wide range of life circumstances, sometimes with little or no apparent justification.

generalized anxiety disorder

Research has shown that women who were exposed to the flu virus during the first trimester of pregnancy:

had a sevenfold increased risk of bearing a child who later developed schizophrenia.

Neil and Bonnie are married. Neil is not depressed, but Bonnie is suffering from major depressive disorder. Bonnie is more likely to:

have very low interest or pleasure in most activities.

Lou Ann has been diagnosed with a psychological disorder called agoraphobia. Lou Ann is afraid of:

having a panic attack in a public place.

In most cases, the disorder called dissociative amnesia occurs as a response to:

stress, trauma, or an extremely distressing situation.

After working for five years as a senior software engineer for Apple Computers in Cupertino, California, Lauren was promoted to a management position within the company and transferred to the Norway offices. Although Lauren likes her new job assignment, her first winter in Norway was difficult. The long, dark winter months left her feeling despondent and down. Although her feelings lifted when spring arrived, the despondent feelings returned the following winter. Lauren appears to be experiencing seasonal affective disorder.

true

Agoraphobia is the fear of having a panic attack in a place from which escape would be difficult or impossible.

true

Along with overwhelming feelings of sadness and hopelessness, the person experiencing major depressive disorder often has problems concentrating and completing routine tasks.

true

Ataque de nervios literally translates as "attack of nerves" and has been reported in many Latin American cultures.

true

Crystal is extremely anxious about germs on public door handles, railings, and elevator buttons. Along with constantly thinking about germs, Crystal feels compelled to repeatedly wash her hands to the point that her skin is cracked and raw. Crystal probably has obsessive-compulsive disorder.

true

Many people with OCD experience obsessions and compulsions that are linked in some way.

true

Persistent depressive disorder is characterized by many of the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but the symptoms are less intense.

true

Psychopathology is the scientific study of the origins, symptoms, and development of psychological disorders.

true

Schizophrenia is a psychological disorder that involves severely distorted beliefs, perceptions, and thought processes.

true

The biosocial developmental theory of borderline personality disorder (BPD) states that the disorder is the outcome of a unique combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors.

true

The first evidence of antisocial personality disorder is often seen during childhood or early adolescence, when the child has repeated problems with school authorities or the police.

true

The most common symptoms of a panic attack are a pounding heart, rapid breathing, breathlessness, and a choking sensation.

true

Psychopathology is the scientific study of the origins, symptoms, and development of psychological disorders

True

_____ is a medication that is commonly used to help control the symptoms of bipolar disorder.

lithium

A psychological disorder or mental disorder is defined in the text as a pattern of behavioral or psychological symptoms that causes significant personal distress, impairing the ability to function in one or more important areas of life, or both.

True

Environmental, psychological, and genetic as well as other biological factors are thought to be involved in generalized anxiety disorder.

True

When people have experienced multiple traumas, they are:

more likely to develop posttraumatic stress disorder.

Underscoring the seriousness of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is the grim statistic that up to _____ percent of those who meet the criteria for this disorder eventually commit suicide.

10

The DSM-5 is a book that describes more than _____ specific psychological disorders.

260

Disruption in the normal patterns of sleep is one of the main characteristics of major depressive disorder. How are normal sleep patterns disrupted?

Depressed people often awaken spontaneously at three or four o'clock in the morning and cannot get back to sleep even though they are still tired.

The acronym "DSM-5" stands for:

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition

Although she has never told anyone about it, Private Ross is often troubled by flashbacks and nightmares after experiencing high-intensity guerrilla warfare during a tour of duty in Afghanistan. Although she tries to suppress the thoughts, they keep coming back to her. She feels emotionally numb and is beginning to have trouble concentrating at work. Ross's symptoms are an example of:

PTSD

Which of the following statements about social anxiety disorder is FALSE?

People with social anxiety disorder typically are unaware that their fears are unreasonable or excessive.

In the disorder called dissociative identity disorder, the "alters," or distinct personalities:

can be of different ages and gender.

Some people suffer from a milder but chronic form of bipolar disorder in which they experience moderate but frequent mood swings for two years or longer. This disorder is called:

cyclothymic disorder.

People who have anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa have _____ brain activity of the neurotransmitter _____.

decreased; serotonin

Pathological anxiety:

is irrational and disruptive.

Philip has been hospitalized for an episode of schizophrenia. He believes that secret agents are bombarding his brain with gamma rays, and he sometimes sees grotesque creatures climbing on the wall of his hospital room. Philip's symptoms are referred to as _____ symptoms of schizophrenia.

positive

Which of the following is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

reduced emotional expressiveness and speech