Psychology Chapter 3 Review

After Nadia learned that penguins can't fly, she had to modify her existing concept of birds. This best illustrates the process of

Accomodation

Two closed, pyramid-shaped beakers containing clearly identical amounts of a liquid are judged by a child to hold different amounts after one of the beakers is held upside down. The child apparently lacks a

Concept of conservation

Lacking exposure to spoken, written, or signed language before adolescence, a person will never master any language. This indicates that infancy and childhood is a(n) ________ for language development

Critical period

The process of developing a sense of identity during adolescence was highlighted by

Erickson's psychosocial development theory

The sequence in which babies master the skills of rolling over, sitting, crawling, and walking is the same around the world. This best illustrates the importance of ________ in motor development.

Maturation

Compared with the children of authoritarian parents, the children of authoritative parents are

More likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and more likely to demonstrate social competence

When touched on the cheek, infants reflexively

Open their mouths

Nutrients and oxygen are transferred from a mother to her developing fetus through the

Placenta

Questions about the extent to which maladaptive habits learned in childhood can be overcome in adulthood are most directly relevant to the issue of

Stability and change

If research suggested that a pregnant mother's use of an artificial sweetener caused harm to the fetus, the artificial sweetener would be considered a

Teratogen

The Harlows' infant monkeys developed ___________ for their artificial cloth mothers.

an attachment to

"I don't care whether you want to wash the dishes, you will do so because I said so!" This statement is most representative of a(n) ________ parenting style.

authoritarian

Deficient social interaction and an impaired understanding of others' emotional states is most characteristic of

autism spectrum disorder

The sexual abuse of a very young child is so emotionally repulsive to most people that they immediately recognize it as shamefully immoral. This best illustrates that moral judgments may reflect

automatic intuitions

Adolescents are most likely to be influenced by their parents with respect to ________, and they are most likely to be influenced by their peers with respect to ________.

career choices; clothing preferences

Menopause involves a decline in

fertility

During adolescence, maturation of the ________ lags behind maturation of the ________.

frontal lobes; limbic system

Abner, a 70-year-old retired teacher, feels that his life has not been of any real value or significance. According to Erikson, Abner has failed to achieve a sense of

integrity

Research on teen social relationships indicates that most adolescents

like their parents

As compared with fraternal twins, identical twins are likely to be ________ similar in intelligence and _________ similar in personality.

more; more

The rapid development of ________ helps explain why infant brain size increases rapidly in the early days after birth.

neural networks

Lev Vygotsky emphasized that giving children ________ provides them with a tool for advancing to higher levels of thinking

new words

Adoptive parents are LEAST likely to influence the ________ of their adopted children.

personality trait

Mark believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates ________ morality

postconventional

Jarrud thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are carefully watching him. Kohlberg would suggest that Jarrud demonstrates a(n) ________ morality.

preconventional

A public initiation into adult responsibilities and status is called a

rite of passage

Jessica acts so differently with her parents than with her girlfriends that she often thinks her personality is completely phony. Erik Erikson would have suggested that Jessica is experiencing

role confusion

Although 3-year-old Adam happily explores the attractive toys located in the dentist's waiting room, he periodically returns to his mother's side for brief moments. Adam most clearly displays signs of

secure attachment

During Piaget's sensorimotor stage, children acquire a

sense of object permanence

The preferred age for retirement is quite different in Mexico than in Western Europe. This best illustrates that ________ differs from culture to culture.

the social clock