Psychology Chapter 4

Rapid eye movement ( REM)

sleep is characterized by rapid eye movements, paralysis of large muscles, fast and irregular heart rate and respiration rate, increased brain-wave activity, and vivid dreams.

Timing; Quantity: Quality

Dysomnias are a category of sleep disorders that involve impairment of the ____, _____, or ____ of sleep

Manifest content; Latent content

In Freud's ideas, the ___ is the dream as recalled by the dreamer and ____ is the underlying meaning of the dream

Activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming

The ____ is the idea that dreams are the brain's attempt to make sense of the random firing of brain cells during REM sleep

Restorative theory of sleep

The ____ theory is the theory that the function of sleep is to restore body and mind and the being awake produces wear and tear on the body and brain

Evolutionary theory of dreaming

The ____ theory of dreaming says that dreams enabled people to rehearse skills needed to fend off threats and predators

Circadian theory of sleep

The ____ theory of sleep says that sleep evolved to keep humans out of harm's way during the night

Pineal gland

The _____ gets information from the suprachiasmatic nucleus as to when it should secrete melatonin in order to induce sleep

Stages

The _____ of sleep consist of stages 1,2,3,4, and REM

Slow-wave sleep

The deep sleep associated with Stage 3 and Stage 4 NREM sleep is called

Sleep cycle

The entire____ lasts about 90 minutes and each person has several every night during sleep

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

The_____is a tiny pair of structures in the brain's hypothalamus that controls the timing of circadian rhythms; it is the biological clock

REM rebound

When people are deprived of REM sleep , they will make up for it with an increased amount afterward. This is called______

Parasomnia

___ are sleep disturbances in which behaviors and psychological states that normally take place only in the waking state occur while a person is sleeping

Consciousness

___ is everything of which we are aware at any given time(our thoughts, feelings,sensations, and perceptions)

Beta waves

____ are alert, awake brain waves associated with mental activity

Melatonin

____ is a hormone that induces sleep and is produces by the pineal gland from dawn to just before dusk each night

Sleep spindles

____ occur during Stage 2 sleep and are waves with alternating periods of calm and flashes of intense activity

Sleep deprivation

____ results from staying awake for long periods of time or not getting enough sleep and results difficulty concentrating, memory lapses, attention problems, and problems with learning new information. Physical health can also decline

Cognitive theory of dreaming

____ theory of dreaming says that dreaming is simply thinking while asleep

REM dreams

_____ are mostly found during REM sleep and are vivid and story like; some are found during NREM sleep and are more thought like and are less memorable

Sleep terrors

_____ happen during Stage 4 sleep where the person springs up in a state of panic, this state resolves quickly, and the person falls back to sleep

Circadian rhythms

______ are the regular fluctuations within each 24 hour period, from high to low points of certain bodily functions and behaviors

Alpha waves

____are brain waves associated with a deep relaxed state

Subjective night

____is the time in the 24 hour period when the biological clock is telling a person to go to sleep

Sleep-talking

____or somniloquy can occur in any stage and often makes little sense

insomnia

___is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep, by waking up to early, or by sleep that is light, restless, or of poor quality of sleep

narcolepsy

___is an incurable sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and uncontrollable attacks of REM sleep usually lasting 10-20 minutes

Delta waves

are the slowest brain waves and are seen in deep sleep; more than 50 % for stage 4

Sleep apnea

is a disorder in which there are periods during sleep when breathing stops and the individual must awaken briefly in order to breathe

Nightmares

occur during REM sleep, are vivid, memorable, and disturbing

Sleepwalking

or somnambulism occurs during a partial arousal from Stage 4 sleep and the person does not become fully conscious

NREM

sleep is 4 sleep stages in which there are no rapid eye movements; Characterized by slow, regular heart rate and respiration and little body movement