Psychology Chapter 5
In which of the following countries are people most likely to agree that when jobs are scarce, men should have more rights to a job than women?
India
Which of the following teens is most likely to engage in risky sexual behavior?
Monica, whose father is absent from the home and who watches many sexually explicit movies.
A genetic male newborn with primary sex characteristics that are not typically male or female most clearly shows signs of
a disorder of sexual development
Compared with men who do not have older brothers, men who have older brothers are somewhat more likely to experience
a homosexual orientation
Scott frequently rubs his body against female strangers in crowded public buses in order to become sexually aroused. His behavior is most clearly indicative of
a paraphilia
Persistent sexually arousing fantasies and behaviors involving the suffering of self or others are an indication of
a paraphilia.
Relational aggression refers to
an act of physical or verbal aggression intended to harm a person's social standing or relationship.
It has been suggested that older men in all cultures tend to marry women younger than themselves because men are genetically predisposed to seek female features associated with youthful fertility. This suggestion best illustrates
an evolutionary perspective
Professor Archibald suggests that men are more likely than women to initiate casual sex because this has historically served to be a more successful reproductive strategy for men than for women. The professor's suggestion best illustrates
an evolutionary perspective
People are most likely to be adaptable to a variety of different roles if they are
androgynous
Connie describes herself as highly self-confident and competitive but also very open to others for support and friendship. Connie best illustrates
androgyny
He has never had a sexual encounter with nor felt any sexual attraction for members of either the same sex or the other sex. Jess is best described as
asexual
During a group conversation, men are more likely than women to
behave in all of these ways
In psychology, sex refers to the ________ by which people define male and female.
biologically influenced physical attributes
Women are slightly more likely than men to
commit acts of relational aggression
Male sex offenders lose much of their sexual urge when voluntarily taking
depo-provera
Premarital sexual activity is higher among American teens who
earn high rather than low grades in school
Which of the following is an example of a sexual dysfunction?
erectile disorder
An important female sex hormone that contributes to female sex characteristics is called
estradiol
Deriving sexual pleasure by repeatedly sexually exposing oneself to others without their consent is most clearly an indication of
exhibitionism
Research on the human sexual response cycle indicates that
female orgasm increases the likelihood of conception
It is most likely that in many cultures women's leadership responsibilities have been limited by their
gender roles
Maria has always taken responsibility for preparing family meals because she learned that this was expected of women. Her behavior best illustrates the influence of
gender roles
The expected behaviors for men or for women are called
gender roles.
Dominick responds to his daughter's fistfight with, "Good girls don't fight!" When his son has a fistfight he asks, "Did you win?" Dominick's comments are most likely to encourage
gender typing
Ginger wants to marry someone who will provide financial security for her children-to-be. Evolutionary psychologists would most likely attribute Ginger's motivation to
genetic influences
During the 1920s, when Western women's rising hemlines first reached the knee, many male hearts fluttered when viewing a woman's legs. The fact that many men today would hardly notice best illustrates the impact of
habituation
Sexually active unmarried teens are more likely to use contraceptives if they
have been extensively exposed to TV shows in which unmarried people are having sex
Many species of animals have demonstrated same-sex sexual behavior. This suggests that
homosexual behavior seems a natural part of the animal world
When exposed to a scent derived from men's sweat, gay and straight men responded differently in the area of the ________ that governs sexual arousal.
hypothalamus
A person's sense of being male, female, or, occasionally, some combination of the two is his or her gender
identity
Gender differences in social connectedness peak during
late adolescence and early adulthood
Research suggests that after 18-year-old Kalani has looked at magazine pictures of sexually attractive women, he will be
less likely to perceive his girlfriend as attractive.
Jim and Julie are teen cousins growing up in the same town. Research on gender differences would lead one to predict that Jim is ________ vulnerable to developing an eating disorder and ________ vulnerable to developing alcohol use disorder than his cousin Julie is.
less; more
Unlike sexual dysfunctions, paraphilias often involve sexual behaviors that are
medically treatable
Women are ________ more likely than men to report at least one same-sex sexual contact during their lives. The percentage of women who identify themselves as lesbian is ________ than the percentage of men who identify themselves as gay.
more; lower
Compared with women, men are ______ likely to initiate sex and ________ likely to think about sex.
more; more
Jay and Malcolm are a gay couple and Susie and Lynn are a lesbian couple. Jay and Malcolm are likely to report ________ concern with their partner's physical attractiveness and report having sex ________ often than do Susie and Lynn.
more; more
A study of phone communication in France indicated that women make ________ phone calls than men and, when talking to another woman, they stay connected ________ than men do when talking to other men.
more;longer
Female fetuses ________ exposed to testosterone and male fetuses ________ exposed to testosterone appear most likely later to experience same-sex desires.
most; least
Asexual individuals are sexually attracted to
no one at all
Gina and Nanette are sisters and both are lesbians. According to the research on the origins of sexual orientation, it is highly likely that
none of these are true
Research on sexual motivation indicates that
normal hour-to-hour fluctuations in men's testosterone level have little effect on the level of their sex drive
Condoms have been ________ in preventing certain skin-to-skin STIs, such as herpes. Condoms have been ________ in preventing transmission of HIV.
of limited protective value; about 80 percent effective
Jason and Karen are involved in a classroom discussion. Research on gender differences suggests that as the discussion proceeds, Jason is more likely than Karen to
offer his own opinions on issues
Joan and Eric Anderson both experienced a complete sexual response cycle during intercourse. It is likely that each of them experienced the highest levels of blood pressure and heart rate during the stage of
orgasm
Secretion of the female hormones, the estrogens, peaks during
ovulation
Jayda and Thomas have been happily married for five years. After sexual intercourse, both experience feelings of sexual satisfaction and contentment. Studies have found that unlike couples who hook up for one night, Jayda and Thomas will experience a surge of the hormone _____, which promotes this feeling of satisfaction and contentment
prolactin
At about age 11 in girls and age 12 in boys, a surge of sex hormones triggers the onset of
puberty
Increased levels of body fat in females has been suggested as partially responsible for an early onset of
puberty
Suppose that men leave their wives to marry other women more frequently than wives leave their husbands to marry other men. Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to explain this in terms of sex differences in
reproductive capacity
Evidence that brain anatomy differences account for variations in sexual orientation is provided by the fact that these brain differences
seem to develop soon after or even before birth
Premature ejaculation is one form of
sexual dysfunction
The terms homosexual, heterosexual, and bisexual refer to different
sexual orientations
Most of the movies Jared watches involve uncommitted sex between acquaintances. He now tends to engage in "sex just for the fun of it—without commitment." His behavior would best be attributed to the fact that the movies provided him with a memorable
social script
Most of the romantic movies Alonso watches involve drinking alcohol prior to sexual interaction. Now Alonso almost always initiates sex only after sharing several drinks with his spouse. The movies may have influenced Alonso's behavior by conveying a memorable
social script
The prenatal development of the external male sex organs is stimulated by
testosterone
With the removal of the ovaries, a woman's natural ________ level drops.
testosterone
Seth and his two male cousins are homosexual. The two cousins are on his mother's side of the family, as would be predicted by a genetic explanation for homosexuality, called
the fertile females theory
The idea that maternal genetics may explain the transmission of genes that promote homosexuality is expressed by
the fertile females theory
A mother's immune system may have a defensive response to substances produced by male fetuses. This is most likely to contribute to
the fraternal birth-order effect
In a complete sexual response cycle
the plateau phase immediately precedes orgasm
Mr. and Mrs. Kohl plan to spend their evening watching X-rated sex movies. Watching these films is most likely to increase
their levels of sexual arousal
Jackie's birth sex is male but she is planning to undergo sex-reassignment surgery so that she can fulfill her dream of living as a female. Jackie could best be described as
transsexual
Partially nude or revealingly clothed depictions of female characters in video games most clearly lead to
unrealistic expectations about sexuality
On mental rotation tasks, homosexual men perform
worse than heterosexual men and better than heterosexual women