Psychology Chapter 5

In which of the following countries are people most likely to agree that when jobs are scarce, men should have more rights to a job than women?

India

Which of the following teens is most likely to engage in risky sexual behavior?

Monica, whose father is absent from the home and who watches many sexually explicit movies.

A genetic male newborn with primary sex characteristics that are not typically male or female most clearly shows signs of

a disorder of sexual development

Compared with men who do not have older brothers, men who have older brothers are somewhat more likely to experience

a homosexual orientation

Scott frequently rubs his body against female strangers in crowded public buses in order to become sexually aroused. His behavior is most clearly indicative of

a paraphilia

Persistent sexually arousing fantasies and behaviors involving the suffering of self or others are an indication of

a paraphilia.

Relational aggression refers to

an act of physical or verbal aggression intended to harm a person's social standing or relationship.

It has been suggested that older men in all cultures tend to marry women younger than themselves because men are genetically predisposed to seek female features associated with youthful fertility. This suggestion best illustrates

an evolutionary perspective

Professor Archibald suggests that men are more likely than women to initiate casual sex because this has historically served to be a more successful reproductive strategy for men than for women. The professor's suggestion best illustrates

an evolutionary perspective

People are most likely to be adaptable to a variety of different roles if they are

androgynous

Connie describes herself as highly self-confident and competitive but also very open to others for support and friendship. Connie best illustrates

androgyny

He has never had a sexual encounter with nor felt any sexual attraction for members of either the same sex or the other sex. Jess is best described as

asexual

During a group conversation, men are more likely than women to

behave in all of these ways

In psychology, sex refers to the ________ by which people define male and female.

biologically influenced physical attributes

Women are slightly more likely than men to

commit acts of relational aggression

Male sex offenders lose much of their sexual urge when voluntarily taking

depo-provera

Premarital sexual activity is higher among American teens who

earn high rather than low grades in school

Which of the following is an example of a sexual dysfunction?

erectile disorder

An important female sex hormone that contributes to female sex characteristics is called

estradiol

Deriving sexual pleasure by repeatedly sexually exposing oneself to others without their consent is most clearly an indication of

exhibitionism

Research on the human sexual response cycle indicates that

female orgasm increases the likelihood of conception

It is most likely that in many cultures women's leadership responsibilities have been limited by their

gender roles

Maria has always taken responsibility for preparing family meals because she learned that this was expected of women. Her behavior best illustrates the influence of

gender roles

The expected behaviors for men or for women are called

gender roles.

Dominick responds to his daughter's fistfight with, "Good girls don't fight!" When his son has a fistfight he asks, "Did you win?" Dominick's comments are most likely to encourage

gender typing

Ginger wants to marry someone who will provide financial security for her children-to-be. Evolutionary psychologists would most likely attribute Ginger's motivation to

genetic influences

During the 1920s, when Western women's rising hemlines first reached the knee, many male hearts fluttered when viewing a woman's legs. The fact that many men today would hardly notice best illustrates the impact of

habituation

Sexually active unmarried teens are more likely to use contraceptives if they

have been extensively exposed to TV shows in which unmarried people are having sex

Many species of animals have demonstrated same-sex sexual behavior. This suggests that

homosexual behavior seems a natural part of the animal world

When exposed to a scent derived from men's sweat, gay and straight men responded differently in the area of the ________ that governs sexual arousal.

hypothalamus

A person's sense of being male, female, or, occasionally, some combination of the two is his or her gender

identity

Gender differences in social connectedness peak during

late adolescence and early adulthood

Research suggests that after 18-year-old Kalani has looked at magazine pictures of sexually attractive women, he will be

less likely to perceive his girlfriend as attractive.

Jim and Julie are teen cousins growing up in the same town. Research on gender differences would lead one to predict that Jim is ________ vulnerable to developing an eating disorder and ________ vulnerable to developing alcohol use disorder than his cousin Julie is.

less; more

Unlike sexual dysfunctions, paraphilias often involve sexual behaviors that are

medically treatable

Women are ________ more likely than men to report at least one same-sex sexual contact during their lives. The percentage of women who identify themselves as lesbian is ________ than the percentage of men who identify themselves as gay.

more; lower

Compared with women, men are ______ likely to initiate sex and ________ likely to think about sex.

more; more

Jay and Malcolm are a gay couple and Susie and Lynn are a lesbian couple. Jay and Malcolm are likely to report ________ concern with their partner's physical attractiveness and report having sex ________ often than do Susie and Lynn.

more; more

A study of phone communication in France indicated that women make ________ phone calls than men and, when talking to another woman, they stay connected ________ than men do when talking to other men.

more;longer

Female fetuses ________ exposed to testosterone and male fetuses ________ exposed to testosterone appear most likely later to experience same-sex desires.

most; least

Asexual individuals are sexually attracted to

no one at all

Gina and Nanette are sisters and both are lesbians. According to the research on the origins of sexual orientation, it is highly likely that

none of these are true

Research on sexual motivation indicates that

normal hour-to-hour fluctuations in men's testosterone level have little effect on the level of their sex drive

Condoms have been ________ in preventing certain skin-to-skin STIs, such as herpes. Condoms have been ________ in preventing transmission of HIV.

of limited protective value; about 80 percent effective

Jason and Karen are involved in a classroom discussion. Research on gender differences suggests that as the discussion proceeds, Jason is more likely than Karen to

offer his own opinions on issues

Joan and Eric Anderson both experienced a complete sexual response cycle during intercourse. It is likely that each of them experienced the highest levels of blood pressure and heart rate during the stage of

orgasm

Secretion of the female hormones, the estrogens, peaks during

ovulation

Jayda and Thomas have been happily married for five years. After sexual intercourse, both experience feelings of sexual satisfaction and contentment. Studies have found that unlike couples who hook up for one night, Jayda and Thomas will experience a surge of the hormone _____, which promotes this feeling of satisfaction and contentment

prolactin

At about age 11 in girls and age 12 in boys, a surge of sex hormones triggers the onset of

puberty

Increased levels of body fat in females has been suggested as partially responsible for an early onset of

puberty

Suppose that men leave their wives to marry other women more frequently than wives leave their husbands to marry other men. Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to explain this in terms of sex differences in

reproductive capacity

Evidence that brain anatomy differences account for variations in sexual orientation is provided by the fact that these brain differences

seem to develop soon after or even before birth

Premature ejaculation is one form of

sexual dysfunction

The terms homosexual, heterosexual, and bisexual refer to different

sexual orientations

Most of the movies Jared watches involve uncommitted sex between acquaintances. He now tends to engage in "sex just for the fun of it—without commitment." His behavior would best be attributed to the fact that the movies provided him with a memorable

social script

Most of the romantic movies Alonso watches involve drinking alcohol prior to sexual interaction. Now Alonso almost always initiates sex only after sharing several drinks with his spouse. The movies may have influenced Alonso's behavior by conveying a memorable

social script

The prenatal development of the external male sex organs is stimulated by

testosterone

With the removal of the ovaries, a woman's natural ________ level drops.

testosterone

Seth and his two male cousins are homosexual. The two cousins are on his mother's side of the family, as would be predicted by a genetic explanation for homosexuality, called

the fertile females theory

The idea that maternal genetics may explain the transmission of genes that promote homosexuality is expressed by

the fertile females theory

A mother's immune system may have a defensive response to substances produced by male fetuses. This is most likely to contribute to

the fraternal birth-order effect

In a complete sexual response cycle

the plateau phase immediately precedes orgasm

Mr. and Mrs. Kohl plan to spend their evening watching X-rated sex movies. Watching these films is most likely to increase

their levels of sexual arousal

Jackie's birth sex is male but she is planning to undergo sex-reassignment surgery so that she can fulfill her dream of living as a female. Jackie could best be described as

transsexual

Partially nude or revealingly clothed depictions of female characters in video games most clearly lead to

unrealistic expectations about sexuality

On mental rotation tasks, homosexual men perform

worse than heterosexual men and better than heterosexual women