Psychology- Chapter 5: Sleep

Sociocognitive Theory

Approch to explaining hypnosis based on people's attitudes, belifs, expectations, and responsiveness to waking suggestions

Out-of-body (OBE)

sense of our consciousness leaving our body. 25% of college students experience them, and 10% of the general population.

Theta Waves

Slower than beta waves. Occur during stage 1 and stage 2

Circadian Rhythm

cyclical changes that occur on a roughly 24hr basis in many biological processes

Hypnosis

set of techniques that provides people with suggestions for alterations in their perceptions, thoughts, feelings, and behavior

Neurocognitive Theory

theory that dreams are a meaningful product of our cognitive capacities, which shape what we dream about

Activation-Synthesis Theory

theory that dreams reflect inputs from brain activation originating in the pons, which the forebrain then attempts to weave into a story

REM Dreams

- More dreams - Emotion and/ illogical - Prone to plot shifts - Biologically crucial

NREM Dreams

- Shorter - More thought-like - Repetitive - Concerned w/daily tasks

Stage 2 (NREM)

Brain waves slow down even more. Sleep spindles and k-complexes occur during this stage. Brain activity decreases. Heart rate slows. Body temperature drops. Muscles relax. Eye movements cease. We spend 65% of our time in this stage

Stage 5 (REM)

Occurs after 15-30 minutes. Brain shifts from inactive to active. High frequency, low-amplitude waves resembling those of wakefulness. REM sleep. Increased heart rate and blood pressure. Rapid and irregular breathing. Restarts after 10-20 minutes.

Alpha Waves

Calm wakefulness. Occurs 8-12 times per second when we're quiet and relaxed

Delta waves

Occurs during stage 3 and stage 4. 1-2 cycles per second

Beta Waves

Occurs when awake. Faster than theta waves

Stage 3 and 4 (NREM)

Occurs after 10-30 minutes. Delta waves occur 20-50% of the time. Stage 4, they appear more than half the time. Children spend most of their time in this stage

Stage 1 (NREM)

light stage of sleep. Lasts around 5-10 minutes. Brain powers down to 50% or more. Produces theta wave which occur four to seven times per second

Rapid Eye Movement (REM)

darting of the eyes underneath closed eyelids during sleep

Insomnia

difficulty falling and staying asleep. Most common. associated with other disorders such as depression, continual pain. Often the result of stress

Sleep Apnea

disorder caused by a blockage of the airway during sleep, resulting in daytime fatigue. Affects 2-20% of the general population. Causes people snore, gasp, and sometimes stop breathing. Typically associated with being overweight.

Narcolepsy

disorder characterized by the rapid and often unexpected onset of sleep. The lack of Orexin plays a key role.

Freud's Dream Protection Theory

dreams transform our sexual and aggressive instincts into symbols that represent wish fulfillment. THESE REQUIRE INTERPRETATION TO REVEAL THEIR TRUE MEANING.

Lucid Dreaming

experience of becoming aware that one is dreaming. 20% of Americans report experiencing on a monthly bases. Opens up the possibility of controlling our dreams. A hybrid of waking and REM sleep