psychology chapter 6 review

Tabetha has a mental picture of the layout of her house, also called a ________, so when she comes home late at night she can navigate through the rooms without turning on a light. a. fixed ratio map b. fixed interval map c. latent map d. cognitive map

cognitive map

In pavlov's classical conditioning experiment, the term conditioned is approximately synonymous with the word

learned

What do psychologist call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experiment?

learning

Gabrielle watches her father put batteries into her toy phone, and she is then able to put the batteries into the toy found her self without further instruction from her father. In this example, Gabrielle's father is a ______.

model

Dave's boss told him that he doesn't have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave's boss is using ________. a. positive punishment b. positive reinforcement c. negative punishment d. negative reinforcement

negative reinforcement

what is the main idea of the social learning theory

one can learn new behaviors by observing others

Hideki tells a lie and is grounded. He does this several times, finally learning that his behavior (lying) is associated with a consequence (being grounded). Which kind of learning is this? a. operant conditioning b. classical conditioning c. imitation d. modeling

operant conditoning

In ____ reinforcement the person or animal is not reinforced every time a desired behavior is performed

partial

________ reinforcers have innate reinforcing qualities.

primary

according to psychologist ____ classical conditioning is effective because of the ability a person has to predict the relationship between UCS and CS

rescorla

which term best described rewarding sucessive approximations of target behavior

shaping

You begin to salivate when you smell your favorite cake in the oven, but not when you smell the gross scent of a dirty diaper. This is an example of ________.

stimulus discrimination

stanley was diagnosed with lymphoma and had to undergo several months of chemotherapy. During this time he would become very nauseated as a side effect, and unintentionally came to associate with a nausea with his favorite grilled cheese sandwich. Now, years later, even thinking about a grilled cheese sandwich makes him sick. In this example, Stanley's nausea reaction to a grilled cheese sandwich is the _________.

conditioned response

Jemma wants to teach her son to say thank you. Every time he says thank you, Jemma praises him and gives him a hug. Which reinforcement schedule is this? a. fixed interval b. variable ratio c. continuous d. variable interval

continuous

Which of the following is an example of fixed ratio reinforcement schedule? a. checking your e-mail at random times throughout the day instead of every time you hear the new e-mail notification b. playing the slot machine c. feeding your fish every day at 8 a.m. d. knowing you will get to play miniature golf as soon as you collect 10 gold stars for your reward chart

d

the _________ theory explains that the media association involved in a condition taste aversion or a result of Adaptation that helps us learn to avoid foods that are potentially harmful

evolutionary

you are a big fan of your grandmothers chocolate chip cookies. Just the smell of them causes you to feel hungry. One night she is making chocolate chip oatmeal almond cookies, a variation of her usual recipe. You smell the baking cookies and even though it is different than her usual cookie sent you still suddenly feel hungry for a treat then sinister is the classical conditioning principle of _______.

stimulus generalization

Gambling at a slot machine is an example of which of the reinforcement schedule

variable ratio

What is the main idea of operant conditioning?

Behavior is motivated by the consequences we receive for the behavior: reinforcements and punishments.

Which of the following is an example of instinct a. baby turning its head to suckle when its cheek is stroked b..believing that nudity is wrong c. a teacher demonstrating algebra to students

a

which statement about BF skinner is true a. he is famous for demonstrating the principles of operant condtioning b. he placed hungry rats in a maze

a

classical and operant conditioning are forms of ___ learning

associative

Gus receives a paycheck at the end of every week. Which reinforcement schedule is this? a. fixed ratio b. variable interval c. fixed interval d. variable ratio

fixed interval

Birds migrating, cats chasing prey, sea turtles moving toward the ocean immediately after birth, and joeys moving to the mother's pouch immediately after birth are all examples of ________.

instincts

which option is the most valid critic of watson and rayner's work with little albert

it would be unethical today

learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it

latent

Which experiment involves the use of classical conditioning? a. knowing that a student fears exams, the instructor wears a bright red shirt only on exam day, every exam day, to see how long it is before the red shirt becomes an object of fear to the student .b. determining how long it takes a person to learn how to knit if he is only allowed to watch YouTube videos of people knitting .c. blindfolding someone and timing him to see how long he takes to find a button hidden in a room. d. rewarding a boy for finishing his vegetables with ice cream and counting how many nights of reinforcement are required before he voluntarily eats his vegetables.

a

Which of the following is an example of vicarious punishment? a. Jeong observes his sister Bronwyn getting spanked for spitting out her carrots. Because he does not like getting spanked, he chews and swallows the carrots even though he hates them. b. Job wants to avoid being fired, so he follows the shop rules and does not smoke in the bathroom. c. Belinda saw Mavis receive a hug for cleaning his room. She is careful to clean her room because she saw Mavis get a reward for doing it .d. Laurie wants to receive a smiley sticker and she knows from reading the rulebook that she will receive one if she behaves herself.

a

If the principles of social learning theory are true, then children may model aggressive behavior ________.

after seeing a TV character get rewarding for doing something violent

Which two concepts can be thought of as opposite processes within the classical conditioning model? a. latent learning and insight learning b. acquisition and extinction c. continuous reinforcement and partial reinforcement d. punishment and reinforcement

b

In classical conditioning the association that is learned is between a __ a. conditioned stimulus and unconditioned response b. neutral response and neutral stimulus c. neutral stimulus and unconditioned response

c

What did John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrate with their studies of Little Albert? a. boys display more fear than girls b. fear cannot be a conditioned response c. emotion can be a conditioned response d. boys display fear differently from girls

c

Which of the following is an example of reflex? a. deciding that you want to be a parent b. jumping for joy when your fav team wins c. the pupil of your eye contracting

c

Which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement? a. Park wants to avoid detention, so he follows the school rules and does not smoke on the playground. b. Ryan observes Cameron getting a time out for spitting out her toast. Because he saw his friend punished, he does not spit out his toast. c. Babs saw Martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading list. She is careful to complete her reading list because she saw Martin get a reward for doing it. d. Lana wants to receive a candy bar and she knows from reading the rulebook that she will receive one if she earns enough good behavior tokens.

c

Although B. F. Skinner and John B. Watson refused to believe that thoughts and expectations play a role in learning, ______________ suggested a cognitive aspect to learning.

edward c tolman

Molly attempts to condition her puppy to greet her when she enters the house. She apparently pairs her injury to the house with a treat for the puppy. The puppy eventually acquires his ability, And Molly realize how irritating it is for the puppy run up to her every time she enters the house. She attempts to make a puppy dog, and eventually the puppy no longer feels motivated to greet her when she enters the house. The puppy no longer grading her when she enters the house is an example of__________.

extinction

dymesha watches her older sister do handstands. dymesha Falls over when she attempts to do a handstand herself. She watches her older sister more carefully, and she knows that her sister leans backwards slightly complete your hands in. dymesha is then able to do a handstand herself. Which type of learning is this?

observational

Which of the following experiments involves the use of operant conditioning?

rewarding a child for finishing his oatmeal

After a hurricane warning across the television, young Eli became terrified of the alarm sound that signaled a severe weather warning. Over the next few months he heard it several times when the required monthly test came on the television, and his fear faded away. One day the alarm sad and Eli jumped up and ran out of the room. This return of a previously extinguish response is called __________.

spontaneous recovery