Psychology Exam #4 Study Set

Kwame discovers his girlfriend is cheating on him. He immediately is very angry and considers breaking up with her. This situation is an example of which component of emotions?

Cognitive interpretation

A person who is engaged in a lie typically

has higher arousal.

Based on the birth order environment, which child is most likely to pursue a high-achieving or intellectual career?

Oldest child

Which statement best illustrates the relationship between social and physical pain?

"When she left me, it was as if I were being punched in the stomach."

Which Big Five personality trait correlates to the present-hedonistic person on the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory?

A high openness score

Which sentence best illustrates how display rules work?

A parent tells her children not to cry in public.

Which statement best reflects a fundamental attribution error common to U.S. culture?

A person who has been unemployed for more than six months is lazy.

Why might someone who scores high in agreeableness have a longer lifespan?

A tendency toward positive interpersonal relations improves survival.

A business owner gives her employees good salaries, rotates leadership roles so more people have an opportunity to run projects, and is proud of the cooperative environment she fosters. Still, a couple of her employees have begun to lag in their productivity. Which motivation does the business owner need to address?

Achievement

Which of the following statements reflect an external locus of control?

Alice knows that she cannot predict car traffic.

Which is an example of a fixed-action pattern?

An infant crying

Donna sells her first novel to a publisher. When she gets back her draft, there are extensive editing requests. Donna gets very upset, and she writes several angry emails. She attempts to do some of the rewrites but is quickly frustrated. She questions her ability to be a writer. Donna drives drunk to a friend's house for comfort, and she explodes at the friend when he gently suggests working with the editor. Donna's behavior is characteristic of which personality disorder?

Borderline

Which is a key similarity between unconscious and conscious emotional processing?

Both are slow to forget fearful events.

Amanda is very stressed about her upcoming psychology final. She stays up late studying and worries that she will not get the grade she wants. Her constant thinking of the exam and the subsequent worrying and stress best reflect the ________ theory of emotion.

Cannon-Bard

Erin is thirsty. She drinks a bottle of water. Shortly afterward, she has to go to the restroom. She chooses the door with the sign that says "Women." Which of these events is an example of a psychological motive?

Choosing the door

According to Freud, which kind of action would best satisfy both eros and thanatos?

Dancing to music

Which of the following factors is most likely to influence someone to commit harmful acts?

Dehumanization of others

Collette is a freshman in college who wants to make her parents proud. She works very hard and earns straight As her first semester. Collette is demonstrating she is at which level of both Maslow's and Kenrick's hierarchies?

Esteem

Which is the best example of the sort of emotions that tend to have the highest motivational priority?

Fear

Alexandre walks into his conference hotel. He sees a bunch of strangers at the bar. All of them have tags showing that they are also going to the conference. After some initial hesitation, he decides to join them. Which is an example of his self-narrative in this situation?

I am an extrovert: I will enjoy talking with strangers.

Which is the best example of a collectivist motivation?

I am going to do this for the team.

According to systems theory, which is responsible for immoral behavior by individuals?

Ideological validation for punishment

Joseph needs to spend some time alone every morning to feel energized for work. At his job, he's punctual with his deadlines and works well in a group. While Joe has always been a high achiever, he usually gives credit to his coworkers and family for his success. Which combination of theoretical statements best describes him?

Joseph is most likely an introvert from a collectivist culture.

Ngozi walks into the company dining room where she usually has lunch. It is not lunchtime yet, and there is no food on the table. Ngozi suddenly feels hungry anyway. The need to eat in this scenario is most likely due to which motivational factor?

Learning

According to Freud, cooking and dancing are two examples of events fueled by which form of energy?

Libido

Kat was raised by strict parents in the Osage Indian Reservation. She was socially shy at school, and she began having panic attacks at age 16. While Kat is fairly open and agreeable, she tests as highly neurotic and has low self-esteem. Which element of her life would be of interest to the modern personality psychologist but not to a psychoanalyst or humanist?

Living on a reservation

With which statement would a descriptive theorist most likely agree?

Nenita feels happier when she is with other people: she has an extraverted personality.

Tyrone is watching a sporting event outside. He suddenly feels a searing pain up and down his left arm and collapses in his chair. There are many people nearby. Who is most likely to overcome the bystander effect and help Tyrone?

Nenita, a paramedic

Allan tends to be very anxious about things: he stresses out about exams, meeting new people, and even what to wear daily. Allan likely scores high on which Big Five trait?

Neuroticism

Which three components make up complete love?

Passion, commitment, and intimacy

Armand sees that his little sister is sad. He brings her his teddy bear to help her feel better. Armand demonstrates which element of emotional intelligence?

Perception

Which cultural norm is more likely to result in an increase in shyness among the population?

Praising caregivers for a child's accomplishments

Kelly believes that Cicada, a pharmaceutical company, is keeping medical costs high by refusing to lower the price of life-saving drugs. How might she use the poison parasite argument to influence public opinion?

Replacing Cicada with Sickada

Ulwazi has been persistently sad for two weeks, making it hard to concentrate on his work. Which hormone is most closely involved with Ulwazi's mood?

Serotonin

According to Kenrick, how does sex compare to hunger in the needs hierarchy?

Sex is a lower priority than hunger.

Which statement reflects a mindset most likely to achieve success?

She wants to learn astronomy: it will take a lot of work.

Which traits are the best predictors of how well a person will be liked after a first meeting?

Similarity and physical attractiveness

Joyce is a biological female who identifies as a woman. She grew up in Singapore and has recently married. When she gets into a heated discussion with her spouse, which factor is the strongest determinant of Joyce's emotional expression?

Singapore

What concept did Jung argue was as important as sexuality when examining motives?

Spirituality

What is a key difference between the Stanford Prison Experiment and the Milgram experiment?

The Stanford Prison Experiment examined the power of the institution, while Milgram studied the power of the individual.

Ann brings a large dinosaur toy to show-and-tell. She says that she got the dinosaur for her birthday. When she begins to speak about how the dinosaur lived millions of years ago, a classmate speaks over her. He says that he has more dinosaurs at home, and they are all bigger. How would Alfred Adler explain this situation?

The classmate feels socially threatened or inadequate.

According to Galen, a person with an excitable, impulsive personality is likely suffering from an excess of heat and dryness. Which statement best reflects how a biological psychologist would explain this person?

The person was born with an excitable personality and has a neurochemical pattern that increases impulsiveness.

Which statement is true about both the NEO-PI and the BFI-54?

They both measure Big Five personality dimensions.

Wayne is on a SWAT team invading a citizen's house. He is heavily armed and has been told there are illegal substances in the home. Which of the following would decrease his chance of using excessive force?

Wearing civilian clothing

When is it most likely that a reward will cause overjustification?

When the reward is given regardless of the quality of the work.

When do rewards add to intrinsic motivation?

When they are given for a good performance

How do we tend to react to people who are in quadrant III of the dimensions of warmth and competence?

With disdain

Which headline is the best reflection of a journalist with an individualist viewpoint?

Working Mom Raises $100,000 in Four Days

Timothy is an obliging sort of person: he agrees with people easily, and he doesn't like it. According to Milgram's experiments, which work situation would decrease the pressure for Timothy to conform?

Working at home, away from an office environment

A person who kills innocent people for the sake of an ideology is displaying displaced

aggression.

Critics of cognitive theories claim that the theories overlook the _______ aspect of personality.

emotional

Kian has two homework assignments. One is for art, and one is for math. Kian knows he draws well and can add the drawing to his portfolio for when he applies to art school. He is not as good at math, and he does not think a page full of numbers is very valuable to him. He spends most of the evening on his art project and avoids the math assignment. Kian's reasoning is an example of

expectancy theory.

One reason for obesity is that human bodies are adapted to

famine.

The main determinant of whether a person has a bisexual, gay, or lesbian sexual orientation is

genetics.

People are more likely to develop eating disorders if they

have a distorted body image.

Elma says that it is 14 degrees Celsius and too rainy to go outside. Verina suggests they can wait until the rain stops and the temperature climbs to 16 degrees. Fran, who is new to the group, decides to use Celsius to think about the temperature instead of 57 degrees Fahrenheit. This is an example of

informational social influence.

Two emotions common to both Izard and Plutchik's theories of limited basic emotions are

joy and fear.

People who deliberately leave other people out are participating in

relational bullying.

According to astrology, someone who is an Aries has a bad temper. Zoe believes this is true because every Aries she knows is this way. She meets Radi, who is an Aries. During a disagreement, she expects Radi to get angry, but he remains congenial. Radi has unknowingly violated Zoe's social

schema.

Carly sits down to play chess online with someone named LIZ02, someone she assumes is another woman. She is doing very well in the game, until a comment by LIZ02 makes her realize she is playing against a man. Carly begins to make mistakes and ends up losing the game. This is an example of

stereotype threat.