Psychology Final Exam

People who are gifted have an IQ of A. 130 or higher. B. 110-120. C. 90. D. 70 or lower.

A. 130 or higher.

Intellectual disability (formerly called mental retardation) is a condition of limited mental ability in which an individual has an IQ of ________ and has difficulty adapting to everyday life. A. 70 or below B. 110 C. 140 or above D. 95

A. 70 or below

The last step in the problem-solving process is ________. A. developing good problem-solving strategies B. rethinking and redefining problems and solutions over time C. finding and framing the problem D. evaluating solutions

B. rethinking and redefining problems and solutions over time

Malcom has an IQ of 140. He has skipped three grades and is a straight A student with superior verbal and mathematical talent. Psychologists would most likely consider Malcom to be A. autistic. B. gifted. C. an introvert. D. socially maladjusted.

B. gifted.

According to the concept of ________, any aspect of life that enhances our positive feelings is likely to do so for only a short period of time. A. display rules B. hedonic treadmill C.self-actualization D. self-regulation

B. hedonic treadmill

From Maslow's perspective, motivation is primarily the result of A. reinforcement of individual abilities. B. humans focusing on satisfying basic needs before moving to higher needs. C. instinctive responses to environmental stimuli. D. specific responses to ethological, innate drives.

B. humans focusing on satisfying basic needs before moving to higher needs.

Which of the following is usually a trait of creative thinkers? A. risk avoidance B. inner motivation C. dogmatic thinking D. categorical thinking

B. inner motivation

Kiefer is taking acting classes. His instructor is using Stanislavski's "method-acting" technique, which encourages actors to imitate the behavior of someone feeling that emotion. When Kiefer is playing a scene where his character is sad, his instructor may suggest that he cry in order to feel sadness. "Method acting" is most consistent with which of the following? A. yerkes-Dodson law B. james-Lange theory C. cannon-Bard theory D. self-determination theory

B. james-Lange theory

In humans, ________ concentrations have been linked with weight, body fat, and weight loss in response to dieting. A. dopamine B. leptin C. oxytocin D. serotonin

B. leptin

Cognitive psychology is the study of A. social relationships. B. mental processes. C. emotions and sensations. D. abnormal functioning of one's physiology.

B. mental processes.

Alyssa just won the lottery. According to the concept of the hedonic treadmill A. Alyssa will experience a short-term high from her win but her happiness will eventually return back to its set point. B. Alyssa's happiness will be unaffected by her lottery win. C. Alyssa will selfishly spend her money in larger and larger increments. D. Alyssa will feel maximum happiness and fulfillment for the rest of her life.

A. Alyssa will experience a short-term high from her win but her happiness will eventually return back to its set point.

Which of the following is true of concepts? A. Concepts provide clues about how to react to a particular object or experience. B. Concepts prevent us from generalizing. C. Conceptsare independent of experiences and objects. D. Concepts complicate the memory process.

A. Concepts provide clues about how to react to a particular object or experience.

Which of the following is true of the drive reduction theory? A. Drives do not always follow from needs. B. As a drive becomes stronger, an individual is motivated to increase it. C. Needs and drives are always closely associated. D. Drive pertains to a physiological state, whereas need involves a psychological one.

A. Drives do not always follow from needs.

________ is a learning disability characterized by difficulty with learning to read fluently and with accurate comprehension, despite normal intelligence. A. Dyslexia B. Fibromyalgia C. Schizophrenia D. Epilepsy

A. Dyslexia

________ are the class of sex hormones that are predominate in females. ________ are the class of sex hormones that are predominate in males. A. Estrogens/Androgens B. Endorphins/Androgens C. Estrogens/Endorphins D. Androgens/Estrogens

A. Estrogens/Androgens

________ is a characteristic of good problem solvers. A. Humility B. Pessimism C. Fixation D. Egocentrism

A. Humility

Which ofthe following statements is true of inductive reasoning? A. It involves forming opinions based on prior experiences. B. It is illustrated when psychologists and other scientists use theories to make predictions and then evaluate their predictions by making further observations. C. It involves drawing conclusions based on facts. D. It refers to reasoning from a general principle that individuals know to be true to a specific instance.

A. It involves forming opinions based on prior experiences.

Gary wants to lose weight by reducing his caloric intake. Heeats a candy bar for breakfast instead of a bowl of cereal because the candy bar has fewer calories. Is Gary doing the right thing? A. No, the candy bar will make Gary hungry sooner than if he had eaten the cereal. B. Yes, the candy bar will keep Gary from getting hungry longer than if he had eaten the cereal. C. Yes, the number of calories is the most important factor in losing weight. D. No, the candy bar contains complex carbohydrates which will make Gary gain more weight.

A. No, the candy bar will make Gary hungry sooner than if he had eaten the cereal.

Which of the following is true of the optimum arousal theory? A. Performance is best under conditions of moderate arousal. B. Performance is best in the absence of arousal. C. When a person is very excited, his arousal levels are low. D. When a person is bored, his arousal levels are high.

A. Performance is best under conditions of moderate arousal.

According to ________ there are three forms of intelligence, whereas according to ________ there are nine types of intelligences. A. Sternberg's triarchic theory/Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences B. artificial intelligence (AI) theory/Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences C. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences/Sternberg's triarchic theory D. Sternberg's triarchic theory/artificial intelligence (AI) theory

A. Sternberg's triarchic theory/Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences

Jenna is a talented singer. Her singing is commendable when she is well rehearsed and is performing with her school choir group. In such situations, she is moderately aroused and fairly relaxed. However, when Jenna's friends are around, she gets overly aroused and anxious. In such situations, she finds it hard to focus and often makes mistakes. Which of the following psychological principles can be used to explain the rationale behind Jenna's performance? A. Yerkes-Dodson law B. James-Lange theory C. Self-regulation D. Cannon-Bard theory

A. Yerkes-Dodson law

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, we seek to fulfill our need for love and belongingness A. after our basic physiological and safety needs are met. B. after we have found self-actualization. C. before our basic biological and safety needs are met. D. after self-esteem needs have been met.

A. after our basic physiological and safety needs are met.

Claudia is trying to cook her mother's famous lasagna. She carefully follows her mother's recipe to ensure that the dish turns out correctly. In this case, Claudia is using a(n) A. algorithm. B. category. C. heuristic. D. subgoal.

A. algorithm.

Which of the following would NOT be a case of mental retardation? A. an adult who, after 30 years of normal intellectual functioning, is involved in an automobile accident and has suffered brain damage that has severely limited mental functioning B. a 12-year-old child with an IQ score of 55 who has grown up in a severely deprived environment and who struggles in school C. an adult who was born with Down syndrome and lives in a group home because of cognitive deficits D. a seven-year-old child with an IQ of 40 who was born with brain damage and needs constant attention from caregivers

A. an adult who, after 30 years of normal intellectual functioning, is involved in an automobile accident and has suffered brain damage that has severely limited mental functioning

According to Gardner's multiple intelligences, which of the following types of vocations would most likely require bodily kinesthetic intelligence? A. dancers B. botanists C. musicians D. accountants

A. dancers

Which of the following describes the trait of a critical thinker? A. grasping the deeper meaning of ideas B. providing a single accurate solution to any problem C. practicing groupthink D. relying on the opinions of others

A. grasping the deeper meaning of ideas

Standardization A. involves developing uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test, as well as creating norms, or performance standards, for the test. B. refers to the ability to yield a consistent result to what it is intended to measure. C. refers to the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure. D. is the extent to which a test yields a consistent, reproducible measure of performance.

A. involves developing uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test, as well as creating norms, or performance standards, for the test.

The chemical substance ________, released by fat cells, decreases food intake and increases energy expenditure or metabolism. A. leptin B. insulin C. oxytocin D. cholecystokinin

A. leptin

If an outcome measure is normally distributed, this means that A. most scores are around the average score. B. the scores are distributed across all points evenly. C. all scores are around the average score. D. all scores are below average.

A. most scores are around the average score.

Monique routinely uses a shredder to shred her junk-mail into confetti-sized pieces of paper, which she then just throws away. When packing her glassware to move into a new apartment, she runs out of protective styrofoam packing material. Suddenly Monique gets the idea to empty her shredder and use the shredded junk mail confetti for packing material. In this case, Monique has A. overcome functional fixedness. B. followed the fixation technique to solve the problem. C. used an algorithm to solve her packing problem. D. used a heuristic to solve her packing problem.

A. overcome functional fixedness.

The useful character of language and the ability of language to communicate even more meaning than is said are known as A. pragmatics. B. semantics. C. morphemes. D. syntaxes.

A. pragmatics.

When comparing algorithms and heuristics, what is the advantage of using heuristics for solving real-life problems? A. speed and efficiency B. accuracy C. mental set D. precision

A. speed and efficiency

The broaden-and-build model begins with A. the influence of positive emotions on cognitive processing. B. the difference between high and low arousal emotions. C. the discrepancies between Plutchik's and Tompkins' models. D. the adaptiveness of negative emotions.

A. the influence of positive emotions on cognitive processing.

Carla is a first-semester freshman at State University. She succeeded in high school by cramming for exams and relying on parental pressure to get homework done. Now, however, she is finding that these strategies are no longer viable ways to succeed. In this case, Carla should A. indulge in fixations. B. "think outside the box" in order to succeed in college. C. move back home with her parents and commute to college. D. drop out of college.

B. "think outside the box" in order to succeed in college.

Twin studies by Trzaskowski and others in 2014 report that the heritability of intelligence is foundto be as high as ________ percent A. 10 B. 75 C. 50 D. 25

B. 75

________ involves reasoning from a general case that we know to be true to a specific instance. A. Abductive reasoning B. Deductive reasoning C. Retroductive reasoning D. Inductive reasoning

B. Deductive reasoning

Which of the following statements is true of heritability? A. Heritability estimates remain constant over time and across different groups. B. Heritability has no meaning when applied to a single case. C. Even if the heritability ofa characteristic is very high, the environment seldom matters. D. Heritability is a statistic that provides information about a single individual.

B. Heritability has no meaning when applied to a single case.

Which of the following is true of the biology of hunger with regard to the human body? A. The hormone cytokine helps start the digestion of food, travels to the brain through the bloodstream, and signals a person to stop eating. B. Hunger is triggered by a set of sugar receptors, located in the brain, when sugar levels fall too low. C. Thelateral hypothalamus is involved in reducing hunger and restricting eating. D. Galactose is an important factor in hunger, probably because the brain critically depends on it for energy.

B. Hunger is triggered by a set of sugar receptors, located in the brain, when sugar levels fall too low.

In the context of loss aversion, identify the true statement about sunk-cost fallacy. A. People ascribe greater value to things they already own when compared with objects owned by someone else. B. People are reluctant to give up on a venture because of past investment. C. People disregard prior experiences or failures when making predictions about the possibilityof an outcome. D. People tend to report falsely, after the fact, that they accurately predicted an outcome.

B. People are reluctant to give up on a venture because of past investment.

At age 33, Ricky is a highly ranked partner in a law firm. He lives by himself and doesn't find the time to socialize. He has a lavish house with an elaborate security system and owns a luxurious sports car. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory,which of the following can best explain Ricky's discontentment with life? A. Ricky's physiological needs are not being met. B. Ricky's need for belongingness is not being met. C. Ricky does not feel safe at home. D. Ricky's esteem needs are not fulfilled.

B. Ricky's need for belongingness is not being met.

________ is the tendency to make judgments about group membership based on physical appearances or the match between a person and one's stereotype of a group rather than on available base rate information. A. Confirmation bias B. The representativeness heuristic C. Hindsight bias D. The availability heuristic

B. The representativeness heuristic

A(n) ________ is a strategy that guarantees a solution to a problem. A. heuristic B. algorithm C. fixation D. subgoal

B. algorithm

Creative people engage in A. deductive thinking. B. both convergent thinking and divergent thinking. C. functional fixedness. D. divergent thinking but not in convergent thinking.

B. both convergent thinking and divergent thinking.

Basketball, football, baseball, and soccer all fit into the ________ of sports. A. morphemes B. concept C. algorithm D. heuristic

B. concept

Dr. Ambrose is administering an intelligence test, and one question asks, "During what month of the year does the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) basketball championship games start?" Students from various groups within the U.S., as well as students from other countries, may have problems with this question because it is probably A. generalized. B. culturally biased. C. gender biased. D. unreliable.

B. culturally biased.

Jessica has been searching for a new apartment. She has looked at several different possibilities and now must select which apartment best suitsher needs. Choosing which apartment is best is an example of A. inductive reasoning. B. divergent thinking. C. functional fixedness. D. convergent thinking.

B. divergent thinking.

The beginning of the process of erotic responsiveness occurs during the ________ of the human sexual-response pattern. A. orgasm phase B. excitement phase C. plateau phase D. resolution phase

B. excitement phase

What is the correct order of the human sexual-response pattern? A. orgasm, excitement, plateau, resolution B. excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution C. excitement, orgasm, resolution, plateau D. plateau, excitement, orgasm, resolution

B. excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

You are feeling upset when your mother turns toward you and says, "Turn that frown upside down." You turn your frown into a smile and realize that you now feel happy. This experience can be best described by the A. Yerkes-Dodson law. B. facial feedback hypothesis. C. self-determination theory. D. Cannon-Bard theory.

B. facial feedback hypothesis.

William has volunteered to work in a war-torn country to try and improve the lives of the residents there. The citizens currently have enough to eat and drink. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what would these citizens be in need of next? A. esteem B. safety C. belongingness and love D. self-actualization

B. safety

According to self-determination theory, competence motivation involves A. maintaining optimal arousal. B. self-efficacy and mastery. C. environmental stimuli. D. drive-reduction.

B. self-efficacy and mastery.

An individual's ________ refers to the direction of his or her erotic interests. A. gender role B. sexual orientation C. genetic factors D. gender identity

B. sexual orientation

The sentence "The bicycle talked the boy into buying a candy bar" is A. syntactically and pragmatically incorrect. B. syntactically correct but semantically incorrect. C. pragmatically correct but syntactically incorrect. D. semantically correct but syntactically incorrect.

B. syntactically correct but semantically incorrect.

Dan, who often travels in airplanes, experiences sudden fear of flying after he hears the news about an airplane crash. In this case, Dan'sexperience demonstrates A. confirmation bias. B. the availability heuristic. C. timing bias. D. hindsight bias.

B. the availability heuristic.

Self-efficacy refers to A. the sense that one can gain skills and overcome obstacles. B. the belief that one has the competence to accomplish a given goal or task. C. the need to engage in warm relations with other people. D. the sense that one is in control of one's own life.

B. the belief that one has the competence to accomplish a given goal or task.

If it is night, we are likely to feel hungry even if we ate a big lunch. This illustrates A. the effect of mindlessness on eating behavior. B. the effect of learned associations on eating behavior. C. the effect of suggestion on eating behavior. D. the effect of emotional state on eating behavior.

B. the effect of learned associations on eating behavior.

Critics of the work of Benjamin Whorf maintain that A. linguistic predispositions are universal. B. words merely reflect rather than cause the way we think. C. language determines how we think about our world. D. all cultures essentially share the same linguistic experiences.

B. words merely reflect rather than cause the way we think.

Identify the age group during which children typically understand adult literary work. A. 6 to 8 B. 9 to 11 C. 15 to 20 D. 5 to 6

C. 15 to 20

A child with a mental age of 9 and a chronological age of 12 has an IQ of A. 90. B. 120. C. 75. D. 100.

C. 75.

Which of the following is true of algorithms and heuristics for solving real-life problems? A. Heuristics guarantee a solution to a problem. B. Algorithms are faster than heuristics. C. Heuristics are shortcut strategies. D. Algorithms lead to different answers to a given problem.

C. Heuristics are shortcut strategies.

________ emphasize independence and self-reliance, whereas ________ emphasize affiliation, cooperation, and interdependence. A. Agricultural societies/urban societies B. Collectivist cultures/individualistic cultures C. Individualistic cultures/collectivist cultures D. Poverty-ridden societies/wealthy societies

C. Individualistic cultures/collectivist cultures

Which of the following best describes cultural differences in the facial expression of emotion? A. Facial expressions of basic emotions vary from one culture to another. B. Facial expressions of human beings are not innate, but are learned from one's culture. C. Many faces of emotion do not differ significantly from one culture to another. D. Unlike facial expressions, display rules for emotion appear to be universal

C. Many faces of emotion do not differ significantly from one culture to another.

________ is a language's sound system. A. Morphology B. Semantics C. Phonology D. Syntax

C. Phonology

Which of the following is the main difference between algorithms and heuristics? A. Heuristics take more time than algorithms. B. Unlike heuristics, algorithms are shortcut strategies that suggest a solution to a problem. C. Unlike heuristics, algorithms provide a definite solution to problem. D. Unlike heuristics, algorithms lead to different answers to a given problem.

C. Unlike heuristics, algorithms provide a definite solution to problem.

The ability to analyze, judge, evaluate, compare, and contrast are characteristics of ________ intelligence. A. creative B. practical C. analytical D. algorithmic

C. analytical

In everyday situations, finding and framing problems can be difficult because many real-life problems A. suggest obvious operations. B. provide clear definitions. C. are ill defined or vague. D. are beyond the average person's ability to solve.

C. are ill defined or vague.

The fact that we hear about airplane crashes on the news more often than we hear about automobile crashes may lead us to believe that we are more likely to die in a plane than a car. This is an example of a(n) A. simulation heuristic. B. representativeness heuristic. C. availability heuristic. D. attention bias.

C. availability heuristic

Most individuals develop a clear understanding of their language's structure, as well as a large vocabulary, during A. late adulthood. B. early adulthood. C. childhood. D. the prenatal period

C. childhood.

Brainstorming is an example of A.convergent thinking. B. functional fixedness. C. divergent thinking. D. deductive reasoning.

C. divergent thinking.

Heuristics differ from algorithms in that heuristics A. are complex strategies that suggest a solution to a problem. B. are slow. C. do not guarantee an answer. D. come in different forms.

C. do not guarantee an answer.

According to drive reduction theory, the goal of drive reduction is A. self-actualization. B. to elevate the level of arousal. C. homeostasis. D. self-determination.

C. homeostasis.

Bertha met two students from another school at a convention. She enjoyed their company a great deal and was very impressed with how nice they were. Bertha now believes that all of the students from that school must also be nice and is considering transferring there. Bertha is using A. descriptive reasoning. B. top-down reasoning. C. inductive reasoning. D. deductive reasoning.

C. inductive reasoning.

Jacob received his score on his math paper and realized that he performed poorly. According to the steps in problem solving, the next step that must be taken by him is to A. rethink and redefine his problem. B. ignore all the subgoals created by him during the problem-solving process. C. merely frame the problem in a vague way. D. employ heuristics rather than algorithms as the problem-solving strategy.

C. merely frame the problem in a vague way.

Whenever Olivia watches a television commercial featuring food, she is ridden by a desire to eat. These feelings of hunger stimulate Olivia to go to the kitchen to search for food. Olivia's behavior can be studied by conducting research in the area of A. perception. B. sensation. C. motivation. D. intuition.

C. motivation.

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs must be met first? A. self-actualization B. safety needs C. physiological needs D. belongingness and love

C. physiological needs

Males experience a refractory period during the ________ phase of the human sexual-response pattern. A. orgasm B. excitement C. resolution D. plateau

C. resolution

You have to cook dinner for 30 people on Saturday. Your apartment is a mess and you have nothing to wear. You decide todo your laundry Thursday night, buy the groceries on Friday, clean the apartment Saturday morning, and cook the dinner Saturday evening. Preparing for the dinner party in this way is an example of A. using heuristics. B. using algorithms. C. subgoaling. D. prototyping.

C. subgoaling.

Cognitive psychology studies all of the following EXCEPT A. reasoning. B. problem solving. C. telepathy. D. decision making.

C. telepathy.

Hillary meets her brother's friend Drake, who is a tall, lanky man. She concludes that Drake might be a basketball player for his college team. According to the biases and heuristics in decision making, it can be concluded that Hillary mirrors ________ in this scenario. A. the availability heuristic B. confirmation bias C. the representativeness heuristic D. hindsight bias

C. the representativeness heuristic

According to Benjamin Whorf, language determines our A. emotions. B. intuitions. C. thinking. D. motivation.

C. thinking.

The ________ is involved in reducing hunger and restricting eating. A. lateral hypothalamus B. prefrontal cortex C. ventromedial hypothalamus D. amygdala

C. ventromedial hypothalamus

A six-year-old child with a mental age of 6 would have an IQ of A. 90. B. 110. C. 60. D. 100.

D. 100.

identify a true statement about language milestones among children. A. Children understand adult literary work usually between ages 6 and 8. B. Vocabulary reaches an average of about 10,000 words when children are between ages 2 and 3. C. Vocabulary usually decreases below 50 words per day when children are between ages 9 and 11. D. Children understand metaphor and satire usually between ages 11 and 14.

D. Children understand metaphor and satire usually between ages 11 and 14.

________ may help us to generalize, whereas ________ may help us accomplish a goal. A. Problem solving/concepts B. Algorithms/artificial intelligence (AI) C. Artificial intelligence (AI)/algorithms D. Concepts/problem solving

D. Concepts/problem solving

_______ is the tendency to report falsely, after the fact, that we accurately predicted an outcome. It is sometimes referred to as the "I-knew-it-all-along effect." A. Confirmation bias B. Intervention bias C. Selection bias D. Hindsight bias

D. Hindsight bias

The facial feedback hypothesis provides support for the A. two-factor theory of emotion. B. Canon-Bard theory of emotion. C. Yerkes-Dodson law. D. James-Lange theory of emotion.

D. James-Lange theory of emotion.

Which of the following statements is true of subgoals? A. They are used to evaluate the solutions. B. They are devised while developing problem-solving strategies. C. Working backward in establishing subgoals should be typically avoided. D. They are initial goals that put the individual in a better position for reaching a final solution.

D. They are initial goals that put the individual in a better position for reaching a final solution.

Which of the following is true of creative thinkers? A. They make fewer mistakes than their less-imaginative counterparts. B. They are motivated more externally than internally. C. They strive to evaluate their work subjectively. D. They may use established criteria to make judgments.

D. They may use established criteria to make judgments.

Darrin is a good piano player. When he is alone and bored his arousal is low and he often gets distracted and makes mistakes. When he is in a recital with strangers, he sometimes gets too nervous and aroused and also makes mistakes. His best performances are typically at home when family and friends are nearby, and his arousal level is moderate. The variations in Darrin's performance can be best explained by the A. Cannon-Bard theory. B. Clark Hull's theory. C. James-Lange theory. D. Yerkes-Dodson law.

D. Yerkes-Dodson law.

According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, ________ intelligence predominantly involves the ability to design, invent, originate, and imagine. A. intrapersonal B. naturalist C. analytical D. creative

D. creative

Evan received an ugly pair of pajamas for his birthday. Even though he didn't like the gift, he smiled and thanked his grandmother for the present. Evan's behavior can be explained interms of A. the circumplex model of emotion. B. the broaden-and-build model. C. set points. D. display rules.

D. display rules.

Dennis works as a salesman at a large retail store. He is happily married and lives in a safe neighborhood. He earns enough money to eat and provide for his family. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs is Dennis most likely to fulfill next? A. love and belongingness B. safety and security C. physiological needs D. esteem

D. esteem

Soon after a car accident, Sally was rushed to the hospital. The doctors discovered that Sally's ventromedial hypothalamus had suffered some damage as a result ofthe accident. In the context of the biology of hunger, the doctor should expect that Sally will A. lose weight rapidly. B. gain weight gradually. C. lose weight gradually. D. gain weight rapidly.

D. gain weight rapidly.

Many psychologists believe that the facial expressions of human beings A. vary from one culture to another. B. are displayed according to the same sociocultural standards across the world. C. are learned. D. have strong biological ties.

D. have strong biological ties.

Motivation for sexual behavior is centered in the A. pituitary gland. B. amygdala. C. adrenal gland. D. hypothalamus.

D. hypothalamus.

Which of the following chemical substances plays an important role in the state of feeling full? A. oxytocin B. dopamine C. estrogen D. leptin

D. leptin

Don places a great deal of value on money, prestige, and his physical appearance. According to your textbook, compared to someone who values the organismic needs, Don will be more likely to experience A. higher well-being but less physical illness. B. higher well-being but less self-esteem. C. less physical illness and well-being. D. lowered self-actualization and physical illness.

D. lowered self-actualization and physical illness.

Heuristics and algorithms differ in terms of their A. creativity. B. scope. C. information-processing capacity. D. speed of processing.

D. speed of processing.

In the context of cognition and emotion, Zajonc famously argued A. that cognitive activity is a precondition for emotion B. that humans cognitively appraise themselves and their social circumstances C. for the primacy of thinking D. that preferences need no inferences

D. that preferences need no inferences

If a child's mental age is higher than her chronological age, this means that A. the child's IQ is average. B. the child's IQ is lower than average. C. the child's IQ is deteriorating. D. the child's IQ is above average.

D. the child's IQ is above average.