Psychology Final

Armando is making a class presentation. He wants to feature some bullet points about problem solving. His first slide should provide a list stating:

?

In a study of mental imagery, participants were instructed to study a map of a fictional island and then asked to imagine the map, picturing the hut and then the rock. The results indicated that it took the participants:

?

What is the distinction between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

Classical conditioning involves learning based on associations between stimuli whereas operant conditioning involves learning based on behavioral consequences

__________ memory is the conscious recall of facts and events.

Explicit

Which of these techniques would work to change a behavior?

Jose's parents bought him a new toy truck for being nicer to his little sister

By pairing a flashing light with a loud noise, a researcher has taught a rat to exhibit a fear response to the light, when the light is flashed amidst darkness. What is the unconditioned stimulus in this study?

Loud noise

Mereya and Cara are studying for their psychology final exam. Mereya tries to relate each key word to an example from her own life and Cara tries to memorize each key word by repeating it again and again. Who is likely to do better on the final exam and why?

Mereya

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?

Ravi is given a candy by his mother for cleaning his shoes

________ is a mental activity associated with transforming information in an effort to make a decision, reach a solution, or form a belief.

Reasoning

Keith first studied for his sociology exam and then for his psychology exam in the same evening. When it was time for him to take his sociology exam, all he could remember was psychology material. Keith's forgetting is an example of:

Retroactive interference

During a quiz, Nick is asked to state the capital city of Idaho. Which of the following memory types is most likely to aid him in retrieving the answer?

Semantic memory

Diah says, "I know his name! He's married to that famous actress, and he was in all those action movies! His name begins with an A!...I just cannot remember it!" Diah is experiencing:

The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

Rosa becomes anxious when she enters the examination room at the clinic before a blood test. She also squirms when she views injections on television. This paragraph illustrates:

classical conditioning and stimulus generalization

Obtaining, converting, and using knowledge is called:

cognition

Mental representations of categories of objects, situations, oxides that share common features are called:

concepts

When being photographed, Maria used to blink whenever the flash went off. Now, Maria starts blinking every time she is photographed, even before the camera's flash goes off. To Maria, the camera has become a(n) ___________.

conditioned stimulus

Julia vividly remembers the first time she met her boyfriend. This is an example of _____________ memory.

episodic

Vivienne had a vivid memory of being nearly kidnapped as a child. However, this never happened. This erroneous recall is an example of a(n):

false memory

By pairing a flashing light with a loud noise, a researcher has taught a rat to exhibit a fear response to the light, when the light is flashed amidst darkness. What is the conditioned stimulus in this study?

flashing light

Aaliyah remembers how to drive a car with a manual transmission, but when asked how she does it, she just says, "I don't know—it's automatic." This is an example of her:

implicit memory

Memories of one's first pet and how to read reside in:

long term memory

Revoking a child's TV watching privileges for repeatedly hitting a sibling is a form of what if it stops the hitting.

negative punishment

The beeper sounds in your car until you fasten your seat belt. The removal of the annoying beeping is ----- for fastening the seat belt.

negative reinforcement

Five-year old Hannah learns how to operate the Tv remote by watching her mother use it. This is an example of...

observational learning

Whenever Julia gets ready for school on time, she gets a chocolate from her mother. Hence, Julia always tries to get ready on time. This is an example of...

operant conditioning

A prototype is the:

original model

Spanking a child for repeatedly breaking glass showpieces is a form of ___________.

positive punishment

Several friends "like" Pearl's social media status. These "likes" are a form of _________, because they increase the likelihood that Pearl will post more updates in the future.

positive reinforcement

The tendency to preferentially recall items at the beginning of a list is known as the:

primacy effect

Dr. Freed is a conservation biologist. She has observed deer dying after eating the leaves of a particular plant. Dr. Freed discovers that the deaths are due to a poisonous insect on the leaves and not the leaves themselves. Dr. Freed decides to try to save the deer by having her field team use the psychological principles of classical conditioning. She has her team:

reward the deer for grazing on other plants that do not contain the deadly insects

From the list that Jill made for a shopping trip to the grocery store, she could recall only the items in the beginning and in the end of a list. This is called:

serial position effect

Specific instances of a category are represented at the _______ level of the concept hierarchy.

subordinate

The ________ level is broadest or topmost level of the concept hierarchy.

superordinate

As Rodolfo works on a complex multiplication problem in his head, the numbers he is manipulating are in his _____ memory, and the multiplication tables he is drawing upon are in his _____ memory.

working, long term