Psychology Learning Curve 23

The textbook suggests that _____ and _____ memory are the newest modifications to Atkinson and Shiffrin's classic model of memory.

automatic processing; working

Professor Wallace studies memory in people who have had strokes. Professor Hansen studies people who claim to have clear memories of events that happened over three decades ago. Such research on the extremes of memory:

helps one to understand how memory works.

Katrina studied the Russian language in high school. Although she was not fluent, she did accumulate a large vocabulary. Years later she decided to go to Russia, so she wanted to brush up on her vocabulary. She picked up the vocabulary much more quickly because:

it is easier to relearn, that is, to learn the material for a second time.

A college student using the effortful processing strategy of _____ is LEAST likely to demonstrate superior retention on a test of the material they learned in one of their college courses.

massed practice

People do NOT automatically process information about:

names

Cori studied French in high school but has not heard or spoken French in years. Her friend introduces her to someone from France. He begins speaking French, and Cori cannot understand a word. A week later after studying, she understands and can respond correctly. Cori was able to improve so rapidly due to: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Answer choices

relearning

Although _____ memory is rich and detailed, people lose the information in it very quickly unless they use certain strategies that transfer it into other memory systems.

sensory

To make a long-distance call, Betty has to dial an unfamiliar phone number. She is likely to have trouble retaining the number she just looked up. This BEST illustrates the limited capacity of _____ memory.

short-term

Participants in George Sperling's experiment stared at a screen on which three rows of letters were flashed for just one-twentieth of a second. If Sperling sounded a high-pitched, medium-pitched, or low-pitched tone within _____, the person could recall the letters in the corresponding row.

a few tenths of a second

When asked to memorize the 15 letters, C I A C B S A B C F B I R S, Mary reorganized them into CIA, CBS, ABC, FBI, and IRS. Mary used a tactic called:

chunking

Joe is happy to hear that the test will be all multiple-choice questions as he feels he has a good chance to pass by using:

recognition

As opposed to automatic processing, _____ processing refers to encoding that requires attention and conscious work.

Effortful

Measures of retention do NOT include:

Rehearsal

One way to test memory is to check the speed of _____ for things that people once encoded but have since forgotten.

Relearning

Jamal's brother often pretends to listen to what Jamal is saying when his brother is really focused elsewhere. When Jamal asks him, "What did I just say?" his brother can sometimes repeat Jamal's last few words. This MOST likely reflects his _____ memory. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Answer choices

echoic

Although one might wish that studying occurred automatically, successful studying, unfortunately, requires the attention and conscious work known as _____ processing.

effortful