Psychology Midterm Chapter 1

Scientists studying neurological processes that underlie behavior may use an animal or an insect in their studies because:

of a need to begin with a simpler model than a human.

Freud believed that we are often not the masters of our own lives because of the:

unconscious mind.

What might be the main reason a biological research psychologist would conduct research on rats instead of humans?

Rats cost less, Ethical considerations of that type of research on humans, A simpler model is needed or Rats provide greater control over different factors.

The approach to psychology that rejected the idea of mental processes and stressed the role of objective measurement of behaviors is called:

behaviorism.

The fact that behavior can be observed and quantified and feelings cannot is the basis of:

behaviorism.

When schools need assistance and advice concerning problems with curriculum, they will more than likely call upon the help of a/an ________ psychologist.

educational

A psychologist who might investigate the relationship between sexual response and alcohol consumption by precisely measuring sexual arousal to erotic stimuli would probably be a/an ________ psychologist.

experimental

Psychologists whose primary activity is conducting research are called:

experimental psychologists.

The approach to psychology that emphasized the practical nature of the conscious mind and how mental processes such as thinking and perceiving help people adapt is called:

functionalism.

Carl Rogers is considered to be a:

humanist.

Neuropsychologists study:

physiological processes and behavior.

In the history of psychology, many of the tools for careful, scientific examination of questions concerning behavior were provided by the study of:

physiology

A friend's depression has been diagnosed as a brain chemistry imbalance. The person making the diagnosis would probably be a:

psychiatrist.

A good theory:

will provide answers to all questions and will generate more questions to be asked.

Bobby is a new father; he wants to know how he can best help his new daughter to develop without any of the traditional sex role biases. What type of psychologist can best advise him?

A developmental psychologist.

Which of the following pairs of terms are both mental processes?

Anger and remembering.

A psychologist who might be interested in the question "can computers think like a human?" would be specializing in which area of psychology?

Artificial intelligence.

The moral of the "Humpty Dumpty" nursery rhyme: "All the king's horses and all the king's men couldn't put Humpty together again" is another way of stating the argument of which historical approach to psychology?

Gestalt.

A psychiatrist differs from a clinical psychologist in which important way?

He or she has a medical degree.

Which field of psychology is more concerned with developing ways for individuals to lower stress?

Health psychology

Which of the following fields of specialization has been designated by the NIH as a priority training area?

Health psychology

Behaviorism was founded by:

J. B. Watson.

Are contemporary psychologists only concerned mental processes?

No, they are concerned with both observable behavior and mental processes.

On your psychology test, your instructor asks you to contrast the approaches of psychoanalytic and behavioral psychology using no more then two words for each. Which of the following is the best choice?

Overt behavior/ unconscious conflict.

________ are more inclined to look for physical causes of abnormal behavior.

Psychiatrists

Why do psychologists study animals?

Psychologists can experiment with animals in ways that would be unethical or unlawful if humans were used.

William James agreed with Wundt and the structuralists on which of the following points?

Psychology should be the study of mental processes.

_______ psychologists often administer and interpret personality, interest, and ability tests.

School

Which psychologist would more likely help individual teachers and students to cope with classroom stress and related problems?

School psychologist.

Which of the following areas of psychology is concerned with understanding the impact of social environments and social processes on the individual?

Social psychology.

You are an American psychologist of the 1890s; which type of question would not be a concern of yours?

Systematically varying dimensions of a stimuli and the examination of how the basic elements of the sensation changed.

It has been said that "psychology has a long past, but short history." From your knowledge of the beginnings of psychology, which of the following statements best reflects the meaning of this quotation?

That the questions asked by psychologists have been asked for centuries, however it has only been in recent history that they have been investigated scientifically.

Why might it be more scientifically expedient to use a monkey rather than a human being to study the effects of environmental noise levels on problem solving

The experimenter has greater control using the animal

Which of the following is an example of "psychology as the study of observable behavior"?

The measurement of our placement of a cursor on a computer screen.

Who established the first psychological laboratory in 1879?

Wilhelm Wundt

Psychologists study nonhuman animals because:

a simpler model is easier to understand,the cost is less and they want to understand animal behavior.

Today's psychologists:

are interested in both behavior and mental processes.

The ________ psychologist studies the human life cycle from birth to death.

developmental

If you were to compare a humanist's approach and Skinner's behaviorist approach to the question of free will as a topic of study in the arena of psychology, the two would:

disagree; behaviorists would claim that free will was of no interest to the discipline of psychology.

While an ________ psychologist would be concerned with the work place being organized for optimal efficiency, an ________ psychologist would be concerned that the work place provided a satisfying environment.

engineering; industrial/organizational

A/An ________ psychologist's major effort is to, among other things, access the effects of pollution and overcrowding on behavior.

environmental

John Hinkley's (President Reagan's attempted assassin) psychological profile would probably have been done by a/an:

forensic psychologist.

The ________ concluded that consciousness evolved because it served a purpose.

functionalist

Functionalists emphasize the study of:

how organisms adapt to their environment

A workshop for administrative personnel on communication skills would probably be taught by a/an ________ psychologist.

industrial

"Experimental self-observation" is also known in psychology as:

introspection.

Psychoanalysis has been widely criticized because:

its assertions cannot be tested in a laboratory.

Humanistic psychology tends to focus on such concepts as:

love, feelings, and self-esteem.

Because of the breakdown in communication among workers in a local factory, morale is low. A/An ________ psychologist is trained to help.

organizational/industrial

Which of these analogies is correct?

philosophy:questions; physiology:methods

Edward Titchener thought the proper goal of psychology was to:

specify mental structures.

If while watching an exquisite sunset you stop and analyze your sensations, thoughts, and feelings, you would be performing introspection as the ________ once did.

structuralists

Common sense conclusions as opposed to scientific conclusions concerning behavior may produce:

subjective opinions not based on fact.

The major problem that the Gestalt psychologists had with both Wundt's structuralism and American behaviorism centered around:

the attempt to break psychological processes into basic components

Descartes "dualism" refers to:

the belief that the mind and body are distinct entities.

Contemporary psychology is BEST defined as:

the scientific study of behavior of humans and other animals.

We can use psychology:

to help us evaluate facts we encounter in the popular media and to help us better understand our own thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and attitudes.

Introspection as Wundt used it became known as "experimental self observation" because:

traditional introspection was supplemented with experiments.

Humanistic psychology differs from the other "schools" within psychology because:

unlike behaviorism, it does not claim that humans are controlled by external environmental forces, and unlike behaviorism, it does claim that humans are unique.