Psychology Module 21- Biology, Cognition, and Learning

Ever since she foolishly drank too much tequila at a rock concert and vomited all over her best friend, Erin becomes nauseous at the smell or taste of tequila. In the terminology of classical conditioning, the smell of tequila is now a(n) _____.

conditioned stimulus

Johnny is hammering the nail in with his toy hammer as his father is hammering the deck boards. His behavior is a clear example of:

modeling

_____ is to _____ as Bandura is to Tolman.

Observational learning; latent learning

Ten-year-old Maggie continually interrupts her teacher with jokes that make her fellow students laugh. The attention from the other students is an example of:

an extrinsic reward.

In the United States and Canada, _____ rates doubled between 1957 and 1974, coinciding with the introduction and spread of television.

homicide

Ty's mother is frustrated that he will not spend the time on his schoolwork that he does practicing and playing baseball. Ty will spend hours practicing in the hot sun every summer day without a coach telling him to do so. Ty's dedication to baseball can be explained by:

intrinsic motivation.

A rat is allowed to explore a maze for several trials. On the last trial, he finds a piece of food at the end of the maze. Having developed a cognitive map, his speed through the maze increases dramatically. This is an example of _____ learning.

latent

Learning that occurs internally and is expressed behaviorally only when there is sufficient incentive to do so is called _____ learning.

latent

Researchers often find it more challenging to train dolphins rather than dogs, even though dolphins are smarter. One of the reasons for this difficulty is that dolphins have _____ shared evolutionary heritage with humans than dogs, so they condition to stimuli that are different than what will affect dogs and humans.

less

Neil wants to complete several on-campus errands as efficiently as possible during a break between classes, so that he can spend at least a few minutes reviewing lecture notes. To plan his route, he consults a picture in his mind of the campus's layout. In terms of latent learning, Neil is using a cognitive:

map