Psychology Quiz 1: Study Guide

Fields of Specialization: Computer hardware that is similar to the "writing" of the neurons in the brain is/are_____. A. Connectionist Machine B. Biological Computers C. Artificial Intelligence D. PCs

C. Artificial Intelligence

The Goals and Methods of Psychology: The goal of psychology that is sometimes perceived as controversial is _______ behavior. A. Understanding B.Generating C. Controlling D. Predicting

C. Controlling

Fields of Specialization: An ______ psychologist would be concerned with the workplace being organized for optimal efficiency, whereas an ____ psychologist would be concerned that the workplace provided a satisfying environment. A.engineering/social B. engineering/industrial-organizational C.industrial-organizational/engineering D. industrial-organizational/social

B. engineering/industrial-organizational; pg.20

Psychology's Precursors: The birthplace of interest in matters related to psychology is _______. A. Ancient Greece B. 19th-Century America C. The Sumerian Civilization D The Byzantine Empire

A. Ancient Greece; Psychology's prehistoric roots, date back to Greece's Hellenic Period approx. 6th century B.C.

Theoretical Perspectives:Which approach to psychology could explain why some individuals interpret "IX" as the letters "I" and "X" and others interpret it as the Roman numerals for the number 9? A. Humanistic psychology B. Functionalism C. Gestalt psychology D. Structuralism

A. Humanistic psychology

Two Longstanding Debates: Thomas has learned to follow the examples of his best friend interacting with other people. Using the nature-nurture debate, what best accounts for Thomas' actions? A. nature B. blind faith C. nurture D. neither nature nor nurture

A. Nurture; in the nurture aspect the person is learning from its environment.

Theoretical Perspectives: Past and Present: An approach to psychology that attempted to break down experience into its basic elements was_________. A. Structuralism B.Psychoanalysis C. Functionalism D.Behaviorism

A. Structuralism; uses a technique called introspection, uses the basic foundation of an individual.

The Goals and Methods of Psychology: ________ is the scientific method known as the "science of self- report". A. Survey B. Naturalistic Observation C.Case Study D. Experimentation

A. Survey

The Goals and Methods of Psychology: In a psychological experiment examining the effect of alcohol consumption on reaction time, _____ is the independent variable and ____ is the dependent variable. A. amount of alcohol consumed/reaction time B. young versus old/ males versus females C. reaction time/ amount of alcohol consumed D. males versus females/ young versus old

A. amount of alcohol consumed/reaction time

Fields of Specialization: You see an article titled "The Effect of Peer Pressure on Alcohol Consumption by Teenagers." The psychologist who conducted this research was most likely a(n)_____psychologist. A. social B.educational C. organizational D.personality

A. social

Psychology's Precursors: Who wrote the book De Anima as a far-reaching treatise on psychological topics? A. Descartes B. Aristotle C. Locke D. Kant

B. Aristotle; Aristotle's psychology can be found in two far-reaching works; one of which being De Anima.

The Goals and Methods of Psychology: As a scientific method in psychology, _______ involve(s) variable manipulation and control, whereas _______ do(e) NOT. A. Case Studies/ Experiments B. Experiments/ Naturalistic Observation C. Surveys/ Experiments D. Naturalistic observation/ experiments

B. Experiments/ Naturalistic Observation

The Goals and Methods of Psychology: All of the following scientific methods are forms of descriptive research EXCEPT ______. A. Case Studies B. Experiments C. Naturalistic Observations D. Surveys

B. Experiments; Pg. 24

Fields of Specialization: The psychology profile of John Hinkley, former President Reagan's attempted assassin, would most likely have been performed by a(n) ______ psychologist. A. Personality B. Forensic C. Environmental D. Organization

B. Forensic

Theoretical Perspectives: __________ psychology focuses on the study of environmental events and an organism's responses to them. A. Psychoanalysis B. Humanism C. Behaviorism D. Gestalt psychology

C.Behaviorism

Theoretical Perspectives: When scientists compare and contrast the attitudes, customs, values and behaviors of people residing in the United States to those living in continental Europe, they are engaged in the practice of _______. A. Gestalt psychology B. Behaviorism C. Humanistic psychology D. Cross-cultural psychology

D. Cross-cultural Psychology

The Goals and Methods of Psychology: ______ CANNOT yield causal relationships between variables, whereas _____ can. A. Correlation/ Experiments B. Experiments/ Case Studies C.Experiments / Surveys D. Experiments/ Correlation

D. Experiments/ Correlation

The Goals and Methods of Psychology: As an impediment to the applied science of psychology, the _____ accounts for the fact that is easier to explain events after they have occurred. A. Hawthorne Effect B. Confirmation Bias C. Belief-bias effect D. Hindsight bias

D. Hindsight bias

Theoretical Perspectives: If you take a sip of a soft drink and concentrate on what you are experiencing (cold, bubbly, sweet, etc.), you would be utilizing the technique known as _________. A. Empiricism B. Functionalism C. Behaviorism D. Introspection

D. Introspection; Break down experiences into its basic element or structures, the subjects provide scientific reports of perceptual experiences.

Psychology's Precursors: The concept of Tabula rasa ("blank slate") was popularized by ______. A. Plato B. von Helmholtz C. Fechner D.Locke

D. Locke; A British empiricist borrowed the idea from Aristotle that we are a product of our environment.

Theoretical Perspectives:Gestalt psychology focused on ____. A. Basic element of experiences B. Understanding the unconscious C. Connecting stimuli and responses D. Perception of the whole

D. Perception of the whole

Psychology's Precursors: The person who compared the human body and mind to the operation of machines was________. A. Aristotle B. Descartes C. Kant D. Hume

A.Descartes;A French philosopher whose "mechanical psychology" compared the operation of the human body to a machine.

Psychology's Precursors: According to the ancient Greek naturalists treatise on psychological topics? A. Direct observation and measurement B. Introspection C. Trial and Error D. Informed Consent

A.Direct observation and measurement; The early Greeks believed in a world they can observe.

Theoretical Perspectives: The approach to psychology that emphasized the practical nature of the mind and believed that processes such as consciousness helped people adapt was _____. A. Gestalt Psychology B. Functionalism C. Humanistic Psychology D.Structuralism

B. Functionalism; because greatly influenced Charles Darwin's theory of evolution.

Theoretical Perspectives: Which of the following is a false statement? A. Humanistic psychologists emphasize the role of free choice. B. Humanistic psychologists view people as being controlled by events in their environment. C. Humanistic psychologists have interest in topics such as self-esteem and personal fulfillment. D.Humanistic psychologists de-emphasize the influence of unconscious process.

B. Humanistic psychologists view people as being controlled by events in their environment.

Theoretical Perspectives: An empirical, objective science of behavior that ignores the existence of mind and argues against the importance of personal freedom characterizes______. A. Gestalt psychology B. Humanistic psychology C. Structuralism D. Behaviorism

B. Humanistic psychology

Definition Of Psychology: Which of the Following terms or phrases is NOT included in the definition of psychology? A. Behavior B. Subjective Study C. Scientific Study D. Humans and other animals

B. Subjective Study; The definition of Psychology states that Psychology is the scientific study of the behavior and mental processes of humans and other animals.

Theoretical Perspectives: You act impulsively and then wonder why. Freud would tell you that your behavior was influenced by your _______. A. Irritation B. Unconscious mind C. immaturity D. inability to think fast

B. Unconscious mind

Theoretical Perspectives: The psychoanalytic approach has been widely criticized because______. A. psychoanalysis does not help patients. B. its assertions cannot be tested conclusively in the laboratory. C. It ignores mental processes D. it does not include the study of animals

B. its assertions cannot be tested conclusively in the laboratory.

Definition Of Psychology: Today, psychologists are interested in studying_____. A. Behavior B. Mental Processes C. Both Behavior and mental processes D. Neither behavior nor mental processes

C. Both behavior and mental processes; It is hoped by many that theories about mental processes can be based on direct observations of behavior.

Two Longstanding Debates: In most instances, the nature-nurture debate in psychology can be resolved by saying:_______ A. Nature alone determines who we are B. Nurture alone determines who we are C. Both nature and nurture interact D Neither nature nor nurture matters

C. Both nature and nurture interact; such a debate is typically not a either-or proposition.

Theoretical Perspectives: Internal mental processes are of interest to ______ psychologists. A. Biological B.Cross-cultural C. Cognitive D. Behavioral

C. Cognitive; focus on ways in which we process information.

Two Longstanding Debates: In terms of the mind-body problem in psychology, the mind route in psychology has its roots in ________, whereas the body route has its origins in __________. A. Physiology/Philosophy B. Physics/Theology C. Philosophy/Physiology D. Medicine/Metaphysics

C. Philosophy/Physiology; This controversy has its roots in both philosophy and physiology, a division of biology concerned with the systemic study of bodily processes.

Theoretical Perspectives:Which individual is incorrectly paired with an approach to psychology? A. Skinner-behaviorism B. Maslow-humanistic psychology C. Watson-Gestalt psychology D. Freud-psychoanalysis

C. Watson-Gestalt psychology; Watson was a behaviorist

Fields of Specialization: You are interested in studying what makes people feel fulfilled and happy. You would most likely specialize in ____ psychology. A. health B.social C. positive D. enrichment

C. positive; Pg. 21

Which of the following is NOT addressed specifically in the ethical guidelines for psychological research involving humans and other animals? A. intentional deception B. risk of physical or mental harm to subjects C. the scholarly publications record of the researcher (s) D. post-experimental debriefing

C. the scholarly publications record of the researcher (s) ;pg. 26

Fields of Specialization: You are studying to be a psychologist the chances are greater than 50 percent that you will specialize in ______psychology. A. experimental B. industrial C. educational D.clinical or counseling

D. clinical or counseling;pg. 18

Fields of Specialization: You see an article title "The Effect of Hawaiian Vacations on the Reduction of Coronary Heart Disease". The psychology who conducted this research was MOST likely a _______ psychology. A. Forensic B. School C. developmental D. health

D. health