Psychology quiz review Ch. 1

the participants are debriefed afterwards

According to the American Psychological Association's Handbooks of Ethics in Psychology, which of the following criteria must be met for psychologists to use deception in their experiments?

biological

Brandon is a psychologist who is studying the relationship between heredity and mood disorders. He strongly believes that behavior and mental processes have a connection with the brain, hormones, heredity, and evolution. Brandon's beliefs are most consistent with which perspective?

examine definitions of terms

Breonna insists racism is only present if a person violently attacks someone of another race while spewing racial slurs, but Jacqueline believes that racism happens when someone supports policies that benefit one group over another. On which point and aspect of critical thinking do Breonna and Jacqueline disagree?

Kohler

Charlie the Chimp saw that the bananas he wanted were out of his reach. He thought for a while and quickly realized he could stack boxes to reach them. Which researcher most likely set up this test of insight?

gender

Culturally defined concepts of masculinity and femininity are described as which of the following?

double-blind

Derris is a research assistant in Dr. Smith's psychology lab. When the participant asked him what the conditions of the study were, Derris replied, "I do not know.' This is an example of a ________ study

Mary Salter Ainsworth

Efraim is interested in how parents and children make attachments to each other. Whose work was most influential on this topic?

humanistic-existential

Erik works as a counselor. He strongly believes in an individual's capacity for self-fulfillment, self-awareness, and decision-making. He follows the principle that people are responsible for choosing their conduct. Erik's beliefs best exemplify his perspective.

psychodynamic

Evelyn's therapist keeps reminding her that she must take responsibility for her thoughts and actions, and reinvent herself. Which approach is her therapist most likely using?

the laughter of his classmates reinforced his behavior

Every morning, when Leroy entered the classroom, he would purposely pretend to trip and fall to make a big scene. His classmates laughed and Leroy got in trouble. Why did Leroy continue this behavior?

experimental group

Gilberto signed up to participate in a trial for a new vaccine. If he gets the actual vaccine candidate, in which group must he belong?

Karen Horney

Identify the neoanalyst among the following

forensic psychology

Juan loves watching crime dramas, and dreams of working to help determine whether defendants are competent for trial. What would be the best college major for Juan?

the survey method

Julie's research work requires her to interview a sample of 200 people within two months. She needs to gather data about the sample group's attitude toward certain situations through a questionnaire, but she has limited time to gather the information. Which of the following methods should Julie use to gather the required information?

sociocultural

Minh wants to study the influence of gender on behavior and mental processes. Which school of thought should they pursue?

negative

Ned is feeling stressed because of his workload at the office. He is also experiencing insomnia with rapid weight loss. What kind of correlation is there between Ned's stress and the amount of sleep he gets?

structuralists

People using which perspective were the first to believe that the mind functions by combining objective and subjective elements of experience?

Scientific method

Psychologists are guided by principles of critical thinking as they try to draw conclusions from research evidence collected through this

cognitive

Psychologists with which of these perspectives primarily venture into the realm of mental processes such as sensation and perception, memory, intelligence, language, thought, and problem solving to understand human nature

cognitive psychology

Researchers in which field primarily study how we perceive and mentally represent the world, how we learn, remember the past, plan, problem solve, and use language?

be skeptical

Shayma has just listened to a political speech, but she still wants to evaluate the evidence for the claims made in the speech for herself. Which aspect of critical thinking is Shayma displaying?

stratified sample

Since 15 percent of a university is comprised of Asian-American students, a sample for a study was chosen in such a way that it, too, consisted of 15 percent Asian Americans. This kind of sample would be an example of a ________.

reinforcement

Sofia does not like eating vegetables. To ensure that she eats vegetables, her mother offers her an extra helping of dessert every time Sofia finishes her vegetables. In the context of behaviorism, this is known as ________

informed consent

Sujay is conducting research on a group of factory machinists as part of a study on workplace stress and heart disease. Before conducting his study, he explains the objective of the study to the subjects and tells them what they would need to do. He gives them the opportunity to choose if they want to participate or not. In other words, Sujay is seeking _______

behaviorism

What field defines psychology as the scientific study of behavior, not of behavior and mental processes

placebos

When a patient insists on having a medical cure but a physician does not believe that medicine is necessary, the physician may prescribe sugar pills. Such fake pills are called ______

There must be no alternative, and the benefits justify the harm

Which condition(s) must be met before an ethics committee will approve an experiment that harms animals

naturalistic observation

Which method allows psychologists and other scientists to observe behavior where it happens, or "in the field?"

correlation coefficient

Which of the following expresses the strength and direction (positive or negative) of the relationship between two variables

insist on evidence

Which of the following is a principle of critical thinking

formulating a research question

Which of the following is the first step in the scientific method?

humanism

Which of the following perspectives stresses people's capacities for self-fulfillment and the central roles of consciousness, self-awareness, and decision making?

forensic psychologist

Which of the following psychologists might treat psychologically ill offenders, consult with attorneys on matters such as picking a jury, and analyze offenders' behavior and mental processes?

critical thinking

Which of these is defined as a way of evaluating the claims and comments of other people that involves skepticism and examination of evidence?

structuralism

Which of these s the school of psychology that argues that the mind consists of three basic elements—sensations, feelings, and images—that combine to form experience?

structuralism and functionalism

Which two early approaches are no longer followed by psychologists today?

organizational psychologist

While industrial psychologists focus on the relationships between people and work, the behavior of people in workplaces such as businesses is studied by which of these fields?

clinical psychologist

Who evaluates problems such as anxiety and depression through interviews and psychological tests

B.F. Skinner

Who proposed that organisms learn to behave in certain ways because their behavior has a positive outcome

william james

Who was a founder of the school of functionalism?

introspection

Wilhelm Wundt used which method to try to discover the basic elements of experience?

functionalism

Winnie is doing research to determine whether depression may have value as an adaptation. To which school of thought does Winnie subscribe?

B.F. Skinner's behaviorism

who and what field of psychology believed that organisms learn to behave in certain ways because they have been reinforced for doing so