Psychology Test 2 - Ch. 3 & 4

Danny suffered brain damage in a car accident. As a result, he is clumsy and uncoordinated. Which structure was most likely damaged?

Cerebellum

The cerebrum is divided into two separate halves that are connected by a large band of fibers called the:

Corpus callosum

When nicotine is abused, the resulting effects include _______________.

Heart disease, high blood pressure, impaired circulation, and erectile problems in men

Which of the following statements is correct concerning what hypnosis can do?

Hypnosis can be effective for helping you stop smoking

After a serious head injury, Tom faced difficulty in doing a series of tasks in the proper sequence. It is most likely that Tom's _______________ was injured.

Frontal lobe

Actor Michael J. Fox announced that he was leaving his hit show Spin City because he had Parkinson's disease and wanted to spend more time with his family. The reason for his disorder is the:

Loss of dopamine

The _______________ is often called the body's "master gland" because the hormones it secretes affect many other endocrine glands.

Pituitary gland

During his lecture on dream theories, Professor Hundt evaluates the dream theories. He points out that the interpretations are often far-fetched in the _______________ theory.

Psychoanalytic

Brandon touches a hot iron and immediately pulls his hand away. His quick response occurs because:

Spinal reflexes are automatic, requiring no conscious effort.

_______________ is a procedure used by researchers as a "virtual" and temporary method to lesion the brain that temporarily inactivates neural circuits.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Biological rhythm is defined as:

A periodic, more or less regular, fluctuation in the physiological functioning of the human body.

Judith is startled when her six-year-old daughter, Laura, sleepwalks into the family room and begins to talk. Which stage of the sleep cycle is Laura experiencing?

4th

Sleep apnea is a disorder in which _______________.

A person periodically stops breathing during sleep

In his dream, Andy is an infant crawling through a dark tunnel looking for something he has lost. While Andy was sleeping, neurons in his pons that stimulate leg-muscle movement were active. Which theory would be most receptive to this explanation?

Activation-synthesis

Which of the following is NOT a stimulant?

Alcohol

Our cyclical changes in consciousness are an example of

Biological rhythms

A _______________ is a part of a neuron, receives messages from nerve cells and looks like the branches of a tree.

Dendrite

A(n) _______________ is a substance that slows down the central nervous system.

Depressant

According to Sigmund Freud, _______________.

Dreams are "the royal road into the unconscious"

A problem-focused explanation of dreaming suggests that _______________.

Dreams are usually about our everyday problems and may even help us to solve those problems

Stimulants are:

Drugs that speed up activity in the central nervous system

Coin-shaped electrodes are pasted onto Miranda's scalp, and they are connected by wire to a machine that translates the electrical energy from her brain into wavy lines on a moving piece of paper. From this description, it is evident that Miranda's brain is being studied with the help of:

EEG

Which of the following is true about hypnosis?

Hypnotized people cannot be forced to do something against their will

James has been sleeping for about 90 minutes when his brain shows rapid, irregular waves. His blood pressure rises, his heart rate increases, and his skeletal muscles go limp. Which of the following is the most likely conclusion?

James is experiencing physiological changes that are normal during REM sleep.

Which of the following statements is true of hypnosis?

It is a procedure in which a practitioner suggests changes in the sensation or behavior of the subject, who cooperates by altering cognitive functioning in accordance with the suggestions.

Patients with _______________ hemisphere damage in the brain may have difficulties with reading, identifying objects, making symbolic gestures or pantomimes, and describing events in the correct order.

Left

The right side of the body is controlled by the _______________ hemisphere in the brain.

Left

Mitch emphatically states that he never dreams. If Mitch spent the night in a sleep laboratory, it would be most likely that:

Mitch would report a dream if awakened during a period of rapid, irregular brain activity.

Your friend has experienced excessive daytime sleepiness. He is laughing with you and suddenly falls to the ground asleep. Your friend is probably suffering from

Narcolepsy

The function of the _______________ is to gather and process information, produce responses to stimuli, and coordinate the workings of different cells.

Nervous system

_______________ are the brain's communication specialists, transmitting information to, from, and within the central nervous system.

Neurons

Receptor sites on the membrane of a neuron's dendrites receive:

Neurotransmitters

Which of the following regions in the brain contains the visual cortex?

Occipital lobe

While Sue is walking on the road, a bicyclist swerves toward her. Her heart races and sweat breaks out as she jumps out of harm's way. Soon, Sue's heart rate begins to decrease. This calming reaction is due to the action of Sue's:

Parasympathetic nervous system

By plotting the possible trajectories of an inch-thick, 3½-foot-long iron rod that penetrated the head of Phineas Gage in a bizarre accident, psychologists were able to determine that the:

Prefrontal cortex is associated with rational decisions and emotions.

During his lecture on dream theories, Professor Grant points out that some theorists are skeptical about the ability to resolve concerns during sleep. Which theory's weakness is Professor Grant talking about, in this scenario?

Problem-focused

Patients with _______________ hemisphere damage in the brain may have difficulty identifying faces, interpreting emotional expressions in a face or voice, or understanding music or art.

Right

You find it hard to sleep due to your roommate's sleeping behavior. She snores quite a bit and at times it sounds as though she has great difficulty breathing. Your roommate might have

Sleep apnea

The common effects of several drinks of alcohol a time are _______________

Slowed reaction time, reduced ability to store new memories or to retrieve old ones, and poor coordination

On a hike through the hills, Cameron feels a bug crawling up his leg under his pants. In this example, Cameron's _______________ is active.

Somatic nervous system

Skeletal muscles and sensory organs are connected to the brain and spinal cord by the:

Somatic nervous system

The subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that connects to sensory receptors and to skeletal muscles is called the:

Somatic nervous system

Freud believed that dreams

Stem from unconscious conflicts, memories, and desires

As Molly is walking across campus, a car swerves toward her. Her heart races and sweat breaks out as she jumps out of harm's way. This mobilization of energy is due to the action of Molly's:

Sympathetic nervous system

Dr. Foster is studying what happens behaviorally when a brain area is temporarily inactivated. Which method is she most likely to be using?

TMS

What part of the brain acts like a traffic cop sending sensory information to the appropriate areas of the cortex?

Thalamus

Jennifer has been studying day and night for so many weeks that she is chronically sleep deprived. Which of the following symptoms is Jennifer at risk of developing?

The loss of mental flexibility and creativity

Which part of the nervous system produces some behaviors on its own, without any help from the brain?

The spinal cord

The activation-synthesis theory of dreaming states that _______________.

There is no purpose to dreaming, dreams occur because of random brainstem signals.

Narcolepsy involves a(n) _______________.

Unpredictable daytime attack of sleep