Psychology Test 4

a

_________ is characterized by feelings of dread and foreboding and sympathetic arousal of at least six months' duration. a. Posttraumatic stress disorder b. Generalized anxiety disorder c. Dissociative identity disorder d. Obsessive-compulsive disorder

b

A form of group therapy that may be undertaken from the systems approach is called _________. a. Gestalt therapy b. family therapy c. cognitive therapy d. behavior therapy

b

According to Carl Rogers, which of the following is the basis for psychological problems? a. Childhood experiences and internal conflicts b. Roadblocks to self-actualization c. A focus on the here and now d. An unconscious conflict

a

According to psychodynamic therapy, psychological problems reflect: a. early childhood experiences and inner conflicts. b. an inconsistent reinforcement history. c. excessive or unconditional love. d. inherited predispositions

c

Amanda can't stand to be in a crowded room, get on an elevator, or sit in the middle of a row. It interferes with her job performance and prevents her from enjoying leisure activities. Which anxiety disorder does Amanda exhibit? a. Acrophobia b. Zoophobia c. Claustrophobia d. Agoraphobia

a

Amnesia is frequently associated with _____. a. dissociative disorders b. somatoform disorders c. anxiety disorders d. mood disorders

d

Ecstatic elation and deep depression are both aspects of _____. a. somatoform disorder b. personality disorder c. delusional disorder d. bipolar disorder

b

In the context of depressive disorders, people who remain depressed: a. are more likely to be able to solve social problems. b. have lower self-esteem. c. have more social support. d. experience a loss of contact with reality.

c

In the manic phase of bipolar disorder, a person may: a. frequently speak slowly. b. show good judgment. c. make huge contributions to charity. d. have a poor appetite.

c

Individuals who have experienced severe trauma or victimization may experience debilitating anxiety reactions months and years after the actual traumatic experience. For example, disaster victims or war veterans often have their first symptoms many months after the actual events. These patients are diagnosed as suffering from: a. dissociative identity disorder. b. generalized anxiety disorder. c. posttraumatic stress disorder. d. illness anxiety disorder.

d

Miguel, an unusually uncontrollable child, runs around the house endlessly, has little sleep, and often has temper tantrums. His mother exclaims to the family doctor, "I swear that kid is possessed!" In this scenario, which perspective on psychological disorders is she most likely to hold? a. The biopsychosocial model b. The diathesis-stress model c. The medical model d. The demonological model

a

People with generalized anxiety disorder: a. suffer from persistent anxiety that cannot be attributed to a phobic object, situation, or activity. b. show indifference to their symptoms. c. suffer from disturbances in thinking, language, perception, motor behavior, and social interaction. d. are particularly afraid of suffocation

a

Somatoform disorders are characterized by: a. a complaint of physical problems such as paralysis, pain, or a persistent belief that one has a serious disease when it does not exist. b. disturbances in thought and language, perception and attention, motor activity, and mood, as well as withdrawal and absorption in daydreams and fantasy. c. a disturbance in expression of emotions. d. the separation of mental processes such as thoughts, emotions, identity, memory, or consciousness.

c

Steve's physician has prescribed medication that belongs to a class of chemicals known as benzodiazepines. Steve is most likely to be treated for _____. a. depression b. bipolar disorder c. anxiety d. schizophrenia

c

What are two qualities of Ellis's rational emotive behavior therapy? a. Directive and passive b. Invasive and active c. Active and directive d. Nondirective and passive

d

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of psychological disorders? a. Personal distress b. A faulty perception or interpretation of reality c. Self-defeating behavior d. Socially acceptable behavior

a

Which of the following is a difference between traditional psychoanalysis and humanistic therapies? a. Traditional psychoanalysis focuses on early childhood experiences, while humanistic therapies focus on what clients are experiencing here and now. b. Traditional psychoanalysis focuses on early childhood experiences, while humanistic therapies focus on bio-psychological disorders. c. Traditional psychoanalysis focuses on client-centered therapy, while humanistic therapies focus on transference. d. Traditional psychoanalysis focuses on unconditional positive regard, while humanistic therapies focus on ego analysis.

b

Which of the following statements best describes psychodynamic therapy? a. It is therapy that spiritually cleanses the corrupt and insecure minds of clients and helps them lead a peaceful life. b. It is a type of psychotherapy that is based on Freud's thinking and assumes that psychological problems reflect early childhood experiences and internal conflicts. c. It is a controlled environment in which people are reinforced for desired behaviors with tokens (such as poker chips) that may be exchanged for privileges. d. It is proactive therapy by a trained therapist in which the client is exposed to a series of painful punishments, strict diet, and tedious exercises that help the client to leave any psychological inhibitions and lead a brave and physically fit life.

a

_________ is a disorder that follows a distressing event outside the range of normal human experience and that is characterized by features such as intense fear, avoidance. a. Posttraumatic stress disorder b. Bipolar disorder c. Dissociative identity disorder d. Somatoform disorder

d

_________ is characterized by excessive worrying, fear of losing control, nervousness, and inability to relax. a. Psychomotor retardation b. Dissociative disorder c. Dissociative amnesia d. Anxiety disorder

b

_________ refers to a behavior-therapy method for helping people in their interpersonal relations that utilizes self-monitoring, behavior rehearsal, and feedback. a. Biofeedback training b. Social skills training c. Cognitive therapy d. Successive approximation

d

_________ refers to the systematic application of the principles of learning to the direct modification of a client's problem behaviors. a. Client-centered orientation b. Behavior orientation c. Client-centered therapy d. Behavior therapy

a

_________ was originated by Fritz Perls. a. Gestalt therapy b. Psychoanalysis therapy c. Psychodynamic therapy d. Client-centered therapy

c

A man witnessed an explosion in which a coworker died, and soon after, he lost his vision. Despite many neurological tests, doctors could find no organic basis for the man's loss of eyesight. A psychological explanation for this incident is: a. brain disorder. b. generalized anxiety disorder. c. conversion disorder. d. illness anxiety disorder.

b

A person with _________ is suddenly unable to recall important personal information. a. delusional disorder b. dissociative amnesia c. psychomotor retardation d. bipolar disorder

a

Based on the different behavior-therapy methods, which of the following is true of modeling? a. It relies on observational learning. b. It relies on principles of dynamics. c. It relies on nondirective cognition. d. It relies on principles of aversion.

a

Behavior therapists rely heavily on principles of _________. a. conditioning and observational learning b. cognition and passive learning c. aversion and dynamic learning d. addiction and proactive learning

d

Behavior therapy applies _____ to directly promote desired behavioral changes. a. principles of cognition b. principles of avoidance c. principles of dynamics d. principles of learning

a

Cory was driving when an accident killed his best friend who was sitting in the car with him. However, Cory escaped uninjured. When he woke up the next morning, he couldn't remember where he was or what had happened the previous night. He is most likely exhibiting: a. dissociative amnesia. b. neuroticism. c. psychomotor retardation. d. schizophrenia.

d

Delmar believes that he has been sent to Earth to save mankind. He believes that women are evil and that any male who speaks to, or associates with, a female is doomed to a life as a slave. He often tells people of his grand plan to save males from the influence of females. Nothing one says or does can convince him that his ideas are untrue. Which of the following does Delmar demonstrate? a. Stupor b. Hallucinations c. Catatonia d. Delusions

b

Fran describes herself as complicated. Since she hates being alone, she is always looking for companionship and often gets involved in stormy relationships. Mostly, she gets into disagreements with people over her divided loyalties—she just cannot make up her mind to stand by one person. She has been hopping from job to job because she is not sure about what she likes to do. Her attitude is typical of a person with _____. a. schizoid personality disorder b. borderline personality disorder c. schizotypal personality disorder d. antisocial personality disorder

c

Identify a function of asylums. a. To house new slaves b. To spiritually cleanse those with abnormal behavior c. To treat individuals with psychological disorders d. To house people with psychological disorders

a

In client-centered therapy, _________ refers to respect for clients as human beings with unique values and goals. a. unconditional positive regard b. empathy c. genuineness d. free association

c

Jack's therapist Susan wants him to recall significant points about his recent appraisal, so he can cope with his work more effectively. Which of the following approaches does Susan use? a. Cognitive therapy b. Psychodynamic therapy c. Humanistic therapy d. Behavioral therapy

b

Jane has episodes where she can't remember what she did or where she was. She has found clothing in her closet that she does not wear and doesn't know how it got there. When she goes to see the doctor, she introduces herself as Suzy. Jane seems to be exhibiting: a. schizotypal personality disorder. b. dissociative identity disorder. c. depersonalization disorder. d. illness anxiety disorder.

b

Jason meets a therapist for the first time. During the session, the therapist tells him that she believes that humans have a natural tendency toward health and growth and that they are free to make choices and control their destinies. She also tells him that therapy is intended to help people get in touch with their genuine feelings. Which kind of therapy does she likely practice? a. Spiritual therapy b. Client-centered therapy c. Behavioral therapy d. Gestalt therapy

a

Joan avoids talking about her troubled marriage with her psychoanalyst. When she is asked to talk about the relationship, she becomes restless and claims, "There is nothing to tell." Which of the following is indicated by Joan's behavior? a. Resistance b. Free association c. Transference d. Catharsis

c

People with _____ are preoccupied with exaggerated or imagined physical defects; continuous hair pulling, and compulsive skin-picking. a. somatoform disorder b. acute stress disorder c. body dysmorphic disorder d. dissociative identity disorder

c

People with _________ complain of physical problems such as paralysis, pain, or a persistent belief that they have a serious disease. a. dissociative amnesia b. psychomotor retardation c. somatoform disorder d. acute stress disorder

d

Ryan, a psychiatrist, has recommended that his patient stop the use of antianxiety drugs. After two weeks, the patient complains that her anxiety symptoms have not abated. Ryan tells the patient that her feelings are an expected response to stopping antianxiety medication. What is the patient experiencing? a. Relapse b. Addiction c. Tolerance d. Rebound anxiety

b

Salma angrily tells her therapist, John, "I should have won the beauty contest. It's not fair." John confronts Salma's belief by asking, "Wasn't the winner more talented and articulate than you?" John is most likely to be a(n) _____. a. ego analyst b. rational emotive behavior therapist c. traditional psychoanalyst d. client-centered therapist

d

Schizophrenia is characterized by: a. feelings of frustration because the victims feel that they are so different from other people. b. rigid and over controlled thinking. c. an inability to be alone. d. disturbances in thought and language, perception and attention, and mood.

d

Terry was molested by her male colleague a week ago. Since then, she has been overwhelmed with feelings of anxiety and helplessness. Her doctor refers to her condition as: a. panic disorder. b. bipolar disorder. c. hoarding disorder. d. acute stress disorder.

d

The _____ of conversion disorders holds that it is a form of self-hypnosis. a. chemical perspective b. demonologic perspective c. learning perspective d. biopsychosocial perspective

c

The difference between major depressive disorder and run-of-the-mill depression is that: a. the depression is less severe in people with major depressive disorder. b. people with run-of-the-mill depression suffer from psychomotor retardation. c. the feeling of lack of energy, low self-esteem, loss of interest in activities is more intense in people with major depressive disorder. d. the depression lasts longer in people with run-of-the-mill depression.

c

A similarity between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder is that both: a. occur within a month of the event and last from two days to four weeks. b. are characterized by loss of memory that is caused by a traumatic event. c. are characterized by feelings of anxiety and helplessness that are caused by a traumatic event. d. occur six months or more after the traumatic event and tend to persist.

a

A woman has difficulty concentrating on her job because she keeps worrying about things like leaving the door unlocked or the tap turned on. She feels that her house will get robbed or damaged any day because of her carelessness. According to this scenario, she is most likely suffering from _____. a. obsessive-compulsive disorder b. posttraumatic stress disorder c. dissociative identity disorder d. illness anxiety disorder

b

A young man is having trouble getting along with his roommate. Sometimes, his roommate does not speak for days. On other days, he speaks rapidly and nonstop, and is often abrasive and aggressive. The roommate is showing symptoms suggesting: a. anxiety disorder. b. bipolar disorder. c. somatoform disorder. d. delusional disorder.

a

According to the dopamine theory of schizophrenia, all of the following are true EXCEPT: a. the fact that a genetic predisposition for schizophrenia is present. b. there is an overproduction of dopamine. c. the fact that increased amounts of dopamine are present at the synapses. d. there is an overutilization of dopamine

b

Psychological disorders are: a. predictable responses to specific events. b. sometimes characterized by anxiety. c. considered normal and do not cause personal distress. d. considered socially appropriate behavior.

c

Dr. Diaz is a therapist who works with clients of many different cultural backgrounds. Her clients like the fact that she always considers their cultural background important to her therapeutic approach. Dr. Diaz is demonstrating _________. a. cultural therapy b. cultural inclinations c. multicultural competence d. Gestalt therapy

a

Dr. Thomas, a psychiatrist, works at a facility that treats new cases as outpatients rather than sending them to hospitals. He also helps people who have been released from mental hospitals. Most of the people treated by him have chronic psychological disorders. Dr. Thomas works at a(n) _____. a. community mental health center b. residential treatment center c. asylum d. hospice

c

In client-centered therapy, _________ refers to the recognition of a client's experiences and feelings. a. genuineness b. unconditional positive regard c. empathy d. free association

d

In psychoanalysis, the uncensored uttering of all thoughts that come to mind is known as _________. a. transference b. resistance c. catharsis d. free association

b

Katie is excessively fearful of meeting new people. She eats at her desk at work to avoid any social contact with her coworkers and consistently refuses their invitations to go out for parties. Psychologists will most likely diagnose Katie with _____. a. acrophobia b. social phobia c. claustrophobia d. necrophobia

b

Mary has schizophrenia and exhibits symptoms of hallucinations, delusions, lack of emotional expression, and social withdrawal. Mary has: a. neutral symptoms. b. both positive and negative symptoms. c. negative symptoms. d. positive symptoms.

d

Sarah's thinking is considered to be peculiar. She mixes up words from different languages and strings them along in rambling sentences. She plays out her fantasy of living in a world of cotton candy all day. However, she does not suffer from hallucinations or delusions. Sarah is displaying symptoms of _____. a. schizoid personality disorder b. paranoid personality disorder c. antisocial personality disorder d. schizotypal personality disorder

c

Sheryl is suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder. Her doctor recommends that she take some drugs. Which of the following drugs is she most likely taking? a. Analgesic b. Major tranquilizer c. Antidepressant d. Minor tranquilizer

c

Tom is a World War II war hero who suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder and major depression. In 1954, he was sent to an institution for treatment. He was most likely admitted to a(n) _____. a. asylum b. country estate c. mental hospital d. outpatient clinic

b

Unlike client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy _________. a. involves systematic desensitization b. is directive c. assumes that people don social masks d. assumes that people disown parts of themselves that might meet with social disapproval

c

Which of the following is the aim of traditional psychoanalysis? a. To resolve a person's psychological issues through spiritual methods b. To achieve behavioral change in people with biological disorders c. To provide insight into the conflicts that are presumed to lie at the roots of a person's problems d. To enhance the self-esteem of a person by providing him an enduring set of tedious physical and mental exercises

b

_________ are based on the thinking of Sigmund Freud. a. Behavioral therapies b. Psychodynamic therapies c. Gestalt therapies d. Client-centered therapies

d

A man cancels an important business trip to a mountainous country because he is afraid of the steep roads and hill climbs. He is also terrified of the cable car ride that he must take to get to his hotel. He goes to a doctor to discuss this problem. In the context of anxiety disorders, which of the following diagnoses is the doctor likely to make? a. Social phobia b. Agoraphobia c. Claustrophobia d. Acrophobia

d

According to Aaron Beck, clients may engage in _________, which means looking at the world in black and white rather than in shades of gray. a. generosity b. magnification c. empathy d. absolutist thinking

c

Kim has a poor appetite and has experienced a severe weight loss. She is unable to concentrate or make decisions. She often has feelings of unworthiness and guilt for things she has not done. She no longer cares about life and talks about death, and how she would welcome it. Psychologists are most likely to diagnose Kim with _____. a. delusional disorder b. bipolar disorder c. major depressive disorder d. conversion disorder

a

Mary and Ted are working with a therapist to strengthen their communication, express their uncomfortable feelings, and learn to share in the decision-making process. In which of the following therapies are they involved? a. Couple therapy b. Communication therapy c. Aversion therapy d. Affective therapy

b

Most antianxiety drugs belong to the chemical class known as _________. a. selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors b. benzodiazepines c. serotonin d. phenothiazine

d

People with _________ do not show the grossly disorganized thinking of paranoid schizophrenia. a. dissociative amnesia b. catatonic schizophrenia c. dissociative identity disorder d. paranoid personality disorder

d

People with _________ feel an overpowering need to accumulate certain kinds of possessions and have difficulty discarding them. a. somatoform disorder b. dissociative disorder c. schizotypal disorder d. hoarding disorder

b

People with _________ insist that they are suffering from a serious physical malady, even though no medical evidence of sickness can be found. a. dissociative amnesia b. illness anxiety disorder c. delusions of grandeur d. psychomotor retardation

b

People with depersonalization-derealization disorder: a. have mood swings from ecstatic elation to deep depression. b. experience episodes of feeling detached from themselves or feeling that the world around them is unreal. c. hold persistent, clearly delusional beliefs, often involving paranoid themes. d. complain of physical problems such as paralysis, pain, or a persistent belief that they have a serious disease.

c

People with mood disorders: a. insist that they are suffering from a serious physical illness, even though no medical evidence of the illness can be found. b. experience episodes of feeling detached from themselves or feeling that the world around them is unreal. c. may become severely depressed when things are going well or when they encounter mildly upsetting events. d. are incapable of recalling important personal information.

d

People with panic attacks tend to: a. misinterpret bodily cues and to view them as threats. b. complain of physical problems such as paralysis, pain, or a persistent belief that they have a serious disease. c. feel an overpowering need to accumulate certain kinds of possessions and have difficulty discarding them. d. experience episodes of feeling detached from themselves or feeling that the world around them is unreal.

c

Psychotherapy refers to _________ between a client and a therapist. a. one-sided communication b. tedious counseling c. systematic interaction d. aversive conversation

b

Raul goes to a therapist. The therapist asks him to relax by lying on a couch and encourages him to talk about anything that comes to his mind. Through this process, the therapist hopes for some unconscious information to be revealed. Which of the following psychoanalytic techniques does the therapist use? a. Transference b. Free association c. Flooding d. Catharsis

b

Tom is a loner who shows little interest in making friends and does not exhibit much emotion. However, he is a star performer at work. His job involves updating a database to reflect the most recent events occurring in the world. He is showing signs of _____. a. paranoid personality disorder b. schizoid personality disorder c. schizotypal personality disorder d. antisocial personality disorder

d

What is the reason for using the term Gestalt in Gestalt therapy? a. Perls wanted to distinguish it from the approaches used in client-centered therapy. b. The term was used to signify Perls's interest in a spiritual way of cleansing a person's mind to remove any psychological inhibitions. c. Perls wanted to convey the directive approach of the therapy by using the term. d. The term was used to signify Perls's interest in giving the conflicting parts of the personality an integrated form or shape.

d

Which of the following best describes psychotherapy? a. It refers to therapy in which a therapist tries to spiritually cleanse a client's corrupt and insecure mind and helps the client lead a peaceful life. b. It refers to the biological tests administered to a client to diagnose any bio-psychological disorders that the client encounters. c. It is proactive therapy, wherein a client is exposed to a series of painful punishments, strict diet, and tedious exercises by a trained therapist that eventually help the client to leave any psychological inhibitions and lead a brave and physically fit life. d. It is a systematic interaction between a therapist and a client that brings psychological principles to bear on influencing the client's thoughts, feelings, or behavior to help the client overcome psychological disorders, adjust to problems in living, or develop as an individual.

b

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of group therapy? a. Individuals may not want to disclose private information to the group. b. The information shared in a group is seldom confidential. c. Relationship problems are magnified. d. Some clients progress more in one-on-one therapy.

a

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of group therapy? a. Feedback is always positive. b. The individual undergoing therapy doesn't feel alone. c. There are opportunities to try out new behaviors with group members. d. It is less expensive than individual sessions.

a

Which of the following is a difference between client-centered therapy and Gestalt therapy? a. Client-centered therapy is nondirective, while Gestalt therapy is directive. b. Client-centered therapy assumes that people seldom don social masks, while Gestalt therapy assumes that people don social masks. c. Client-centered therapy was originated by Fritz Perls, while Gestalt therapy was originated by Carl Rogers. d. Client-centered therapy focuses on the past of clients, while Gestalt therapy focuses on the future of clients.

c

Which of the following is a difference between humanistic forms of therapy and behavior therapy?a. Humanistic forms of therapy tend to focus maladaptive behaviors, whereas behavior therapy tends to focus on observational learning. b. Humanistic forms of therapy tend to focus on the past events in clients' lives, whereas behavioral therapy tends to focus on the present. c. Humanistic forms of therapy tend to focus on emotions, whereas behavior therapy tends to focus on actions. d. Humanistic forms of therapy tend to focus on habits, whereas behavior therapy tends to focus on insights.

a

Which of the following is a similarity between client-centered therapy and Gestalt therapy? a. Like client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy assumes that people disown parts of themselves that might meet with social disapproval or rejection. b. Like client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy involves tedious and cruel methods to treat patients. c. Like client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy was originated by Carl Rogers. d. Like client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy assumes that people seldom don social masks, pretending to be things they are not.

c

Which of the following is true of client-centered therapists? a. They follow a directive approach. b. They seldom empathize with their clients as it might make them weak. c. They have unconditional positive regard for their clients. d. They are seldom open in responding to their clients as it might hurt their feelings.

a

Which of the following is true of cognitive therapy? a. It focuses directly on thoughts and encourages ideas that help individuals solve problems. b. It is based on the assumption that beliefs and attitudes of individuals cannot be changed. c. It emphasizes that childhood trauma is the root cause of current psychological problems. d. It aims to solve clients' problems using spiritual cleansing approach.

d

Which of the following is true of free association? a. Clients are asked to restrict themselves to expressing one topic at a time. b. Clients develop a strong wall of defense that block a client's insight into unconscious processes. c. Clients are requested not to disclose any personal information. d. Clients are made comfortable and asked to talk about any topic that comes to mind.

d

Which of the following is true of psychotherapy? a. It does not deal with clients who seek help in adjusting to problems such as shyness, weight problems, or loss of a life partner. b. It does not deal with clients who have mental disorders. c. It is therapy in which therapists try to spiritually cleanse clients' corrupted and insecure minds and help them lead a peaceful life. d. It influences clients' thoughts, feelings, and behavior.

d

Which of the following is true of rational emotive behavior therapists? a. They aim to magnify the psychological problem to understand its origin. b. They focus on interpreting dreams and childhood experiences. c. They aim to decrease social anxiety and build social skills through operant-conditioning procedures. d. They aim to encourage clients to challenge and correct irrational expectations.

b

Which of the following therapies focuses on changing the beliefs and attitudes that create and compound people's problems? a. Learning therapy b. Cognitive therapy c. Gestalt therapy d. Psychoanalytic therapy

a

While in a bus, a man overhears a discussion about a person who is about to be terminated from his job. The man believes that the people on the bus are talking about him and that he has been targeted. Which of the following delusions does the man demonstrate? a. Delusions of reference b. Disorganized delusions c. Delusions of grandeur d. Dangerous delusions

a

_________ are controlled environments in which people are reinforced for desired behaviors with keepsakes, such as poker chips, that may be exchanged for privileges. a. Token economies b. Hospices c. Asylums d. Community mental health centers

c

_________ are excessive, irrational fears of specific objects or situations, such as spiders, snakes, or heights. a. Delusions b. Psychomotor retardations c. Specific phobias d. Hallucinations

a

_________ is a condition in which the senses, thought, and movement are dulled. a. Stupor b. Neuroticism c. Insanity d. Hallucination

b

_________ is a disorder in which a person appears to have two or more distinct identities or personalities that may alternately emerge. a. Delusional disorder b. Dissociative identity disorder c. Somatoform disorder d. Bipolar disorder

c

_________ is a perception in the absence of sensory stimulation that is confused with reality. a. Stupor b. Neuroticism c. Hallucination d. Insanity

d

_________ is a personality trait characterized largely by persistent anxiety. a. Insanity b. Dissociative amnesia c. Psychomotor retardation d. Neuroticism

c

_________ is an abrupt anxiety attack that is apparently unrelated to specific objects or situations. a. Manic b. Mutism c. Panic disorder d. Hoarding disorder

d

_________ is defined by recurrent, anxiety-provoking thoughts or images that seem irrational and beyond control and seemingly irresistible urges to engage in thoughts or behaviors that tend to reduce the anxiety. a. Acute stress disorder b. Posttraumatic stress disorder c. Somatoform disorder d. Obsessive-compulsive disorder

d

_________ is the tendency to block the free expression of impulses and primitive ideas—a reflection of the defense mechanism of repression. a. Transference b. Catharsis c. Free association d. Resistance

a

_________ refers to Wolpe's method for reducing fears by associating a hierarchy of images of fear-evoking stimuli with deep muscle relaxation. a. Systematic desensitization b. Transference c. Modeling d. Unconditional positive regard