Psychopharm Test 3

Which of the following is the active chemical in Bath Salts?

A. SYNTHETIC CATHINONES b. synthetic cannabinoids c. fentanyl d. lysergic acid

What two nicotinic receptors does cytisine bind to?

Alpha 4 and beta 2

____ is reportedly more than 100 times as potent as THC

HU-210

What chemical must be added to Ayahuasca to allow the hallucinogenic effects of DMT to take place

Harmine (MAOI

What two drugs form together to make Vicodin?

Hydrocodone and Acetaminophen

Vicodin is a Schedule ___ drug because the patient does not have to be seen to receive it and it is available in up to a 6 month supply.

III

What happens in dopaminergic activation when consuming alcohol?

Impulse control is reduced which leads to aggression

The EAGLES study proved that Chantix did not cause the neuropsychiatric adverse effects that were required to be put on the black box label. Instead, what did the study find to be a factor for these effects?

Past or current mental illness problems

Evidence suggests that e-cigarettes may be ___ than regular cigarettes and could reduce

safer, craving

Experiments in Phase 1 of FDA approval have an emphasis on ____ where phase 2 experiments have an emphasis on ____

safety; effectiveness

codeine

sedative and pain-relieving agent found in opium. Structurally related to morphine but less potent

DMT affects the neurotransmitter

serotonin

hypoxia

state of relative lack of oxygen in the tissues of the body and the brain

The direct mechanism of action of nicotine on arousal level is:

stimulation of acetylcholine receptors

delirium tremens

syndrome of treulousness and hallucinations psychomotor agitation, confusion and disorientation, sleep disorders, and other associated discomforts, lasting several days after alcohol withdrawl

cancers associated with tobacco use are primarily due to

tars in tobacco

cotinine

the primary metabolite of nicotine

nociceptor

the sensory receptor for painful stimuli

When is a meth user the most dangerous?

When they are "tweaking"

What percentage of snorted cocaine will reach the bloodstream?

a. 10% B. 20% c. 40% d. 70%

Antabuse (disulfiram) inhibits what metabolic enzyme in the conversion of ethanol

a. ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE B. alcohol dehydrogenase c. catalase d. cytochrome P450

chemoreceptor trigger zone

an area in the medulla that responds to blood-borne signals that cause nausea and vomiting

mu receptor

an opiate receptors, this type mediates the analgesic and rewarding effect of opiates

In the early 1990's the first endogenous cannabinoid, ___ was isolated

anadamide

Caffeine promotes wakefulness by:

antagonistic activity at adenosine receptors

How many states is recreational Marijuana legalized in?

based off of the chart in my PowerPoint which is more up to date than the book: 8 states have it legalized for recreational use

caffeine

behavioral and general cellular stimulant, acts by blocking an adenosine receptor

amphetamine

behavioral stimulant that acts by increasing the amount of biogenic amines in neuronal synapses

The reinforcing effects of nicotine are the result of

direct activation of dopamine release onto the nucleus accumbens

The crystalline form of methamphetamine that may be smoked is known as

ice

Where in the Cannabis plant is the THC most concentrated?

in the resin which is most concentrated in the flowers of the female plants

Ayahuasca is administered

orally as a liquid

Why is PCP gaining popularity today?

people are dipping weed into the liquid form of PCP which is called "wet"

the classical opiod analgesic is

morphine

What are the major areas of neurotoxicity of methamphetamine?

neuronal death, damage of glial cells, and damage to serotonin and dopamine nerve terminals.

Classic withdrawl symptoms associated with ayahuasca include

none

generally speaking, dopaminergic/adrenergic treatment approaches suggest that

none of the drugs that have been tested thus far represent an effective approach for treating cocaine or methamphetamine dependent use in humans

although Vicodin abuse originated in _____, it is now common in _____ due to its accessibility.

older people; younger people

vicodin is an

opiod

salvinorin A is an

opiod kappa agonist

What plant does Vicodin originate from?

opium poppy

Ayahuasca is made from

plants natives to the Amazon Basin

All of the following alkaloids (plant-derived amines) can be isolated from the poppy plant except

A. HEROINE b. morphine c. papaverine d. codeine

The accumulation of acetaldehyde results in all of the following EXCEPT:

A. INCREASED SENSORY AWARENESS b. chest pain c. confusion d. hypotension

What is the inhalant ingredient, Toulene, typically found in?

A. PAINT THINNERS b. leather cleaners c. whippets d. poppers

What is the lethal dose of LSD?

14,000 micrograms

Which receptor does LSD act on?

5-HT2

Why does phencyclidine, PCP, have so many different nicknames?

Because individuals have the knowledge of the dangerous effects of PCP and do not want to take the drug

____ receptors are the most abundant g-protein coupled receptors in the CNS

CB1

the short-acting effects of ___ have earned it the nickname lunch-hour drug

DMT

___ is a common ingredient in medication aimed at cough suppression

DXM

What are the benefits of moderate alcohol consumption?

Decrease risk of heart disease, ischemic stroke, and diabetes

Evidence suggests that tolerance to cannabis is due to

Down regulation of CB1

What substance in alcohol triggers the dopamine release from opioid receptors, allowing Vivitrol to effectively treat alcohol addiction?

Ethanol

Nicotine is thought to ____ nicotrinic receptors on ____ neurons

desensitize, GABA

What makes Vivitrol different from other opioid addiction treatments?

It is an antagonist, not an agonist

An opioid differs from an opiate in that an opioid is

Synthetic

What is the correct progression of a typical methamphetamine user's experience?

The Rush> The High > The Binge > Tweaking > The Crash

Which of the following plants creates an effect similar to that of Bath Salts?

a. blue locus B. CATHA EDILUS c. damiana d. poppy

Users typically like using inhalants because of all of the following EXCEPT

a. cheap b. available C. LOOKS COOL d. fast high

Cocaine effects all of the following neurotransmitters except:

a. dopamine b. serotonin c. norepinephrine D. GLUTAMATE

What is Butane, an ingredient in some inhalants, typically associated with?

a. fetal solvent syndrome b. hypoxia c. suffocation D. SUDDEN SNIFFING DEATH

What type of drug is heroin?

a. opiate B. OPIOD c. opium d. poppy

Cocaine has all of the following properties except

a. psychostimulant B. VASODILATOR c. potent local anesthetic d. cardiac depressant

what neurotransmitter does Heroin increase in the synaptic cleft

a. serotonin b. glutamate C. DOPAMINE d. GABA

Which mode of administration creates a "rush" of euphoria for Heroin users?

a. snorted/sniffing b. orally C. INTRAVENOUSLY d. smoking/vaporizing

Which is the least pure form of Heroin?

a. white heroin B. Black TAR HEROIN c. brown heroin d. none of the above

hyperalgesia

abnormally heightened sensitivity to pain

A survey release in April 2013 suggests that marijuana use in high school is second only to

alcohol

speedball

mixture of cocaine and heroin

adenosine

chemical neuromodulator in the CNS, primarily at inhibitory synapses

nicotine

directly stimulates acetylcholine receptors

psychedelic

drug that can alter sensory perception

MDMA use is commonly associated with reports

empathy

cocaine-induced psychosis may lead to a condition called ___ that, for the user, feels like bugs crawling beneath the skin

formication

ketamine affects the neurotransmitter

glutamate

Tobacco use in the United States:

is common in people with substance abuse and mental health issues

smoking during pregnancy has been shown to produce consistent:

low birth weights

caffeinism

may produce psychosis in healthy individuals

DMT (dimethyltryptamine)

psychadelic drug found in many south american plants

mescaline

psychedelic drug extracted from the peyote cactus

psilocybin

psychedelic drug obtained from certain mushrooms

Carissa has become addicted to heroin. She comes from a family substantial financial resources and it has been suggested that they try a controversial technique for treating her addiction is called

rapid anesthesia-aided

Death associated with an acute opiod overdose is most likely due to

respiratory depression

Among partial nicotine receptor agonists, evidence suggests that smokers using ____ increases their chances of quitting by two to three times in comparison to those that try to quit with no other assistance

varenicline

An unfortunate side effect almost always experienced when taking Ayahuasca Is:

vomiting