Psychopharm Test 3
Which of the following is the active chemical in Bath Salts?
A. SYNTHETIC CATHINONES b. synthetic cannabinoids c. fentanyl d. lysergic acid
What two nicotinic receptors does cytisine bind to?
Alpha 4 and beta 2
____ is reportedly more than 100 times as potent as THC
HU-210
What chemical must be added to Ayahuasca to allow the hallucinogenic effects of DMT to take place
Harmine (MAOI
What two drugs form together to make Vicodin?
Hydrocodone and Acetaminophen
Vicodin is a Schedule ___ drug because the patient does not have to be seen to receive it and it is available in up to a 6 month supply.
III
What happens in dopaminergic activation when consuming alcohol?
Impulse control is reduced which leads to aggression
The EAGLES study proved that Chantix did not cause the neuropsychiatric adverse effects that were required to be put on the black box label. Instead, what did the study find to be a factor for these effects?
Past or current mental illness problems
Evidence suggests that e-cigarettes may be ___ than regular cigarettes and could reduce
safer, craving
Experiments in Phase 1 of FDA approval have an emphasis on ____ where phase 2 experiments have an emphasis on ____
safety; effectiveness
codeine
sedative and pain-relieving agent found in opium. Structurally related to morphine but less potent
DMT affects the neurotransmitter
serotonin
hypoxia
state of relative lack of oxygen in the tissues of the body and the brain
The direct mechanism of action of nicotine on arousal level is:
stimulation of acetylcholine receptors
delirium tremens
syndrome of treulousness and hallucinations psychomotor agitation, confusion and disorientation, sleep disorders, and other associated discomforts, lasting several days after alcohol withdrawl
cancers associated with tobacco use are primarily due to
tars in tobacco
cotinine
the primary metabolite of nicotine
nociceptor
the sensory receptor for painful stimuli
When is a meth user the most dangerous?
When they are "tweaking"
What percentage of snorted cocaine will reach the bloodstream?
a. 10% B. 20% c. 40% d. 70%
Antabuse (disulfiram) inhibits what metabolic enzyme in the conversion of ethanol
a. ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE B. alcohol dehydrogenase c. catalase d. cytochrome P450
chemoreceptor trigger zone
an area in the medulla that responds to blood-borne signals that cause nausea and vomiting
mu receptor
an opiate receptors, this type mediates the analgesic and rewarding effect of opiates
In the early 1990's the first endogenous cannabinoid, ___ was isolated
anadamide
Caffeine promotes wakefulness by:
antagonistic activity at adenosine receptors
How many states is recreational Marijuana legalized in?
based off of the chart in my PowerPoint which is more up to date than the book: 8 states have it legalized for recreational use
caffeine
behavioral and general cellular stimulant, acts by blocking an adenosine receptor
amphetamine
behavioral stimulant that acts by increasing the amount of biogenic amines in neuronal synapses
The reinforcing effects of nicotine are the result of
direct activation of dopamine release onto the nucleus accumbens
The crystalline form of methamphetamine that may be smoked is known as
ice
Where in the Cannabis plant is the THC most concentrated?
in the resin which is most concentrated in the flowers of the female plants
Ayahuasca is administered
orally as a liquid
Why is PCP gaining popularity today?
people are dipping weed into the liquid form of PCP which is called "wet"
the classical opiod analgesic is
morphine
What are the major areas of neurotoxicity of methamphetamine?
neuronal death, damage of glial cells, and damage to serotonin and dopamine nerve terminals.
Classic withdrawl symptoms associated with ayahuasca include
none
generally speaking, dopaminergic/adrenergic treatment approaches suggest that
none of the drugs that have been tested thus far represent an effective approach for treating cocaine or methamphetamine dependent use in humans
although Vicodin abuse originated in _____, it is now common in _____ due to its accessibility.
older people; younger people
vicodin is an
opiod
salvinorin A is an
opiod kappa agonist
What plant does Vicodin originate from?
opium poppy
Ayahuasca is made from
plants natives to the Amazon Basin
All of the following alkaloids (plant-derived amines) can be isolated from the poppy plant except
A. HEROINE b. morphine c. papaverine d. codeine
The accumulation of acetaldehyde results in all of the following EXCEPT:
A. INCREASED SENSORY AWARENESS b. chest pain c. confusion d. hypotension
What is the inhalant ingredient, Toulene, typically found in?
A. PAINT THINNERS b. leather cleaners c. whippets d. poppers
What is the lethal dose of LSD?
14,000 micrograms
Which receptor does LSD act on?
5-HT2
Why does phencyclidine, PCP, have so many different nicknames?
Because individuals have the knowledge of the dangerous effects of PCP and do not want to take the drug
____ receptors are the most abundant g-protein coupled receptors in the CNS
CB1
the short-acting effects of ___ have earned it the nickname lunch-hour drug
DMT
___ is a common ingredient in medication aimed at cough suppression
DXM
What are the benefits of moderate alcohol consumption?
Decrease risk of heart disease, ischemic stroke, and diabetes
Evidence suggests that tolerance to cannabis is due to
Down regulation of CB1
What substance in alcohol triggers the dopamine release from opioid receptors, allowing Vivitrol to effectively treat alcohol addiction?
Ethanol
Nicotine is thought to ____ nicotrinic receptors on ____ neurons
desensitize, GABA
What makes Vivitrol different from other opioid addiction treatments?
It is an antagonist, not an agonist
An opioid differs from an opiate in that an opioid is
Synthetic
What is the correct progression of a typical methamphetamine user's experience?
The Rush> The High > The Binge > Tweaking > The Crash
Which of the following plants creates an effect similar to that of Bath Salts?
a. blue locus B. CATHA EDILUS c. damiana d. poppy
Users typically like using inhalants because of all of the following EXCEPT
a. cheap b. available C. LOOKS COOL d. fast high
Cocaine effects all of the following neurotransmitters except:
a. dopamine b. serotonin c. norepinephrine D. GLUTAMATE
What is Butane, an ingredient in some inhalants, typically associated with?
a. fetal solvent syndrome b. hypoxia c. suffocation D. SUDDEN SNIFFING DEATH
What type of drug is heroin?
a. opiate B. OPIOD c. opium d. poppy
Cocaine has all of the following properties except
a. psychostimulant B. VASODILATOR c. potent local anesthetic d. cardiac depressant
what neurotransmitter does Heroin increase in the synaptic cleft
a. serotonin b. glutamate C. DOPAMINE d. GABA
Which mode of administration creates a "rush" of euphoria for Heroin users?
a. snorted/sniffing b. orally C. INTRAVENOUSLY d. smoking/vaporizing
Which is the least pure form of Heroin?
a. white heroin B. Black TAR HEROIN c. brown heroin d. none of the above
hyperalgesia
abnormally heightened sensitivity to pain
A survey release in April 2013 suggests that marijuana use in high school is second only to
alcohol
speedball
mixture of cocaine and heroin
adenosine
chemical neuromodulator in the CNS, primarily at inhibitory synapses
nicotine
directly stimulates acetylcholine receptors
psychedelic
drug that can alter sensory perception
MDMA use is commonly associated with reports
empathy
cocaine-induced psychosis may lead to a condition called ___ that, for the user, feels like bugs crawling beneath the skin
formication
ketamine affects the neurotransmitter
glutamate
Tobacco use in the United States:
is common in people with substance abuse and mental health issues
smoking during pregnancy has been shown to produce consistent:
low birth weights
caffeinism
may produce psychosis in healthy individuals
DMT (dimethyltryptamine)
psychadelic drug found in many south american plants
mescaline
psychedelic drug extracted from the peyote cactus
psilocybin
psychedelic drug obtained from certain mushrooms
Carissa has become addicted to heroin. She comes from a family substantial financial resources and it has been suggested that they try a controversial technique for treating her addiction is called
rapid anesthesia-aided
Death associated with an acute opiod overdose is most likely due to
respiratory depression
Among partial nicotine receptor agonists, evidence suggests that smokers using ____ increases their chances of quitting by two to three times in comparison to those that try to quit with no other assistance
varenicline
An unfortunate side effect almost always experienced when taking Ayahuasca Is:
vomiting
