PTCB Chapter 4: Drug Classifications and Formulations
NTI stands for...
Narrow therapeutic index
Metabolism of drugs
All the chemical and physical reactions that the body carries out to prepare a drug for excretion. Basically how the body changes the drug
teratogenicity
Any drug that causes harm to the developing fetus or embryo
pharmaceutical alternatives
Drug products that contain the identical active ingredients but not necessarily the same amount or dosage form
Therapeutic Equivalence
Production of the same medicinal effect
Biosimilars
Products that are highly similar to, or are interchangeable with, an already FDA approved biological product.
Hepatoxicity
Serious adverse reaction that occurs in the liver
Excretion of drugs
The removal or clearance of the drug from the body
NTI Drugs (8)
Warfarin, carbamazepine, digoxin, theophylline, levothyroxine, lithium carbonate, phenytoin, and fentanyl
enteral route
a route of administration to any organ in the alimentary tract (mouth to anus)
parenteral route
a route of administration to any organ outside the alimentary tract
Hematological effects
could indicate blood coagulation, bleed and bone marrow disorders. can be life threatening
Nephrotoxicity
damage to the kidneys
pharmaceutical equivalent
drug products that contain identical amounts of the same active ingredients in the same dosage form
non-proprietary name
generic name of a drug, word stem issued by the US adopted name council
proprietary name (trade name)
given by the drug manufacturer and protected through a patent
5 Rs of medication administration
right patient right dose right drug right time right route
subjective clues
signs of a disease
objective clues
symptoms of a disease
carcinogenicity
the ability of a substance to cause cancer
Bioavailability
the amounts of an administered dose that reaches the general circulation and the rate at which this occurs
Bioavailability
the rate at and the extent to which a nutrient is absorbed and used, often a ratio between original amount consumed and how much reaches the bloodstream
pharmokinetics
the study of drugs within the body, absorption , distribution, metabolism, excretion
Distribution of drugs
the transport of drugs from the plasma to the tissues (site of action, site of storage, site of biotransformation)
Absorption of drugs
transfer of drug from site of administration to systemic circulation