Public Speaking (Chapters 9, 10, and 11)

Topical Order

Divide main topic into subtopics

Spatial Order

Follows a directional pattern

Causal Order

Main points are organized according to their cause-effect relationship

First impressions and Last impressions

-Both are very important -This is why speeches need strong introductions and conclusions

Outlines

-Can be essential to effective speeches -Thoughts flow from one to another -Structure of speech is coherent -Detailed preparation

Speaking Outline

-Contain key words or phrases to jog your memory -Essential statistics and quotations -Legible -Follows visual framework of your preparation outline -Includes cues for delivering the speech

Connectives

-Help tie a speech together -Words or phrases that join one thought to another and indicate the relationship between them

Objectives of a speech conclusion:

-Let the audience know you are ending -Wording or manner of the delivery -Reinforce the central idea -Summarize the speech -End with a quotation -Make a dramatic statement -Refer to the introduction -Can combine two or more techniques to do so

Main Points

-Should be no more than 2 to 5 -Focus on a single idea -Worded clearly -Clear and convincing

How to gain attention and interest of your audience:

-Show the importance of your topic -Startle or question your audience or arouse their curiosity -Begin with a quotation or a story

Preparation Outline

-State your specific purpose and central idea -Label the introduction, body, and conclusion -Identify main points, sub points, and sub sub points by a consistent pattern of symbolization and identation -Designate transitions, internal summaries, and internal previews

4 Objectives to accomplish in your Introduction:

1. Get the attention and interest of the audience 2. Reveal the topic of your speech 3. Establish your credibility and goodwill 4. Preview the body of the speech

2 Types of Outlines:

1. Preparation 2. Speaking

4 Types of Speech Connectives:

1. Transitions 2. Internal Previews 3. Internal Summaries 4. Signposts

Supporting Materials

Backup ideas for your main ideas and should be relevant to the main points they are supposed to support

Problem-Solution Order

Breaks the body of the speech into two main parts (problem and solution)

Chronological Order

Follows a time pattern