Public Speaking Exam 2 Mcgraw Hill

Words that refer to ideas or concepts. abstract words concrete words connotative meaning denotative meaning thesaurus

Abstract Words

______Blank listeners give their undivided attention to the speaker in a genuine effort to understand her or his point of view. Formal Friendly Active

Active

Giving undivided attention to a speaker in a genuine effort to understand the speaker's point of view. active listening appreciative listening comprehensive listening critical listening empathic listening

Active Listening

A fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute. ad hominem appeal to novelty appeal to tradition either-or red herring slippery slope

Ad Hominem

A hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress. adrenaline ethnocentrism interference situation stage fright

Adrenaline

When using presentation technology, you should give yourself extra time for preparation and rehearsal. check the equipment ahead of time to make sure it is working properly. make sure your text and images are easy for everyone in your audience to see. All answers are correct

All answers are correct

Research has demonstrated that visual aids, when used well, can increase a speaker's clarity. confidence. credibility. All answers are correct.

All answers are correct.

Strong evidence can enhance a speaker's credibility. increase the persuasiveness of a speech.i noculate listeners against counterpersuasion. All answers are correct.

All answers are correct.

Which of the following is likely to help you deal with nervousness in your speeches? Visualize yourself giving a strong speech. Focus on communicating rather than on being nervous .Be thoroughly prepared for each speech. All answers are correct.

All answers are correct.

Repetition of the initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words. alliteration antithesis parallelism repetition rhythm

Alliteration

____________Blank is repetition of the initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words. Antithesis Parallelism Alliteration

Alliteration

The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas. alliteration antithesis parallelism repetition rhythm

Antithesis

A fallacy which assumes that something new is automatically better than something old. ad hominem appeal to novelty appeal to tradition either-or red herring slippery slope

Appeal to Novelty

A fallacy which assumes that something old is automatically better than something new. ad hominem appeal to novelty appeal to tradition either-or red herring slippery slope

Appeal to Tradition

Listening for pleasure or enjoyment. active listening appreciative listening comprehensive listening critical listening empathic listening

Appreciative Listening

A trite or overused expression cliché clutter imagery metaphor simile

Cliche

Discourse that takes many more words than are necessary to express an idea. cliché clutter imagery metaphor simile

Clutter

Listening to understand the message of a speaker. active listening appreciative listening comprehensive listening critical listening empathic listening

Comprehensive Listening

Words that refer to tangible objects. abstract words concrete words connotative meaning denotative meaning thesaurus

Concrete Words

The meaning suggested by the association or emotions triggered by a word or phrase. abstract words concrete words connotative meaning denotative meaning thesaurus

Connotative Meaning

Listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it. active listening appreciative listening comprehensive listening critical listening empathic listening

Critical Listening

Focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion. critical thinking feedback message speaker

Critical Thinking

The literal or dictionary meaning of a word or phrase. abstract words concrete words connotative meaning denotative meaning thesaurus

Denotative Meaning

A fallacy that forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two alternatives exist. ad hominem appeal to novelty appeal to tradition either-or red herring slippery slope

Either-or

______Blank listening is listening to provide emotional support for a speaker. Sincere Comprehensive Empathic Critical

Empathic

Listening to provide emotional support for a speaker. active listening appreciative listening comprehensive listening critical listening empathic listening

Empathic Listening

The belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups of culture. adrenaline ethnocentrism interference situation stage fright

Ethnocentrism

In persuasive speaking, it is usually appropriate to substitute emotional appeals for evidence and reasoning. True or False

False

The messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker are called ______Blank. Cues Feedback Prompts

Feedback

The messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker. critical thinking feedback message speaker

Feedback

Stealing a speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as one's own. global plagiarism incremental plagiarism patchwork plagiarism plagiarism

Global Plagiarism

The use of vivid language to create mental images of objects, actions, or ideas. cliché clutter imagery metaphor simile

Imagery

Failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people. global plagiarism incremental plagiarism patchwork plagiarism plagiarism

Incremental Plagiarism

Anything that impedes the communication of a message. adrenaline ethnocentrism interference situation stage fright

Interference

Whatever a speaker communicates to someone else. critical thinking feedback message speaker

Message

An implicit comparison, not introduced with the like or as, between two things that are essentially different yet have something in common. cliché clutter imagery metaphor simile

Metaphor

____________Blank is a five-step method of speech organization that follows the process of human thinking and leads the listener step by step to a desired action. Problem-solution order Problem-cause-solution order Monroe's motivated sequence Comparative advantages order

Monroe's motivated sequence

The similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences. alliteration antithesis parallelism repetition rhythm

Parallelism

Stealing ideas of language from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own. global plagiarism incremental plagiarism patchwork plagiarism plagiarism

Patchwork Plagiarism

The process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people's beliefs or actions. mental dialogue with the audience persuasion practicality target audience

Persuasion

Presenting another person's language or ideas as one's own. global plagiarism incremental plagiarism patchwork plagiarism plagiarism

Plagiarism

A fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion. ad hominem appeal to novelty appeal to tradition either-or red herring slippery slope

Red Herring

Reiteration of the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences. alliteration antithesis parallelism repetition rhythm

Repetition

The pattern of sound in a speech created by the choice and arrangement of words. alliteration antithesis parallelism repetition rhythm

Rhythm

What should public speakers do to avoid ethnocentrism? Show respect for the cultures of the people they address. Assume that their personal values are shared by all the audience. Agree with the beliefs of all groups and cultures. All answers are correct.

Show respect for the cultures of the people they address.

An explicit comparison, introduced with the word like or as, between things that are essentially different yet have something in common. cliché clutter imagery metaphor simile

Simile

The time and place in which speech communication occurs. adrenaline ethnocentrism interference situation stage fright

Situation

A fallacy which assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented. ad hominem appeal to novelty appeal to tradition either-or red herring slippery slope

Slippery Slope

The person who is presenting an oral message to a listener. critical thinking feedback message speaker

Speaker

Anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience. adrenaline ethnocentrism interference situation stage fright

Stage Freight

The ____________Blank audience is the portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade. Ideal Preferred Target

Target

The portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade. mental dialogue with the audience persuasion practicality target audience

Target Audience

A book of synonyms abstract words concrete words connotative meaning denotative meaning thesaurus

Thesaurus

Emotional appeal is often necessary when a speaker is trying to move an audience to action. True or False

True

Inaccurate use of language can harm a speaker's credibility. True or False

True

Public speaking has been taught and studied for thousands of years True or False

True

______Blank is mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation. Focusing Visualization Representation Channeling

Visualization

Which recommendation is a way to help you deal with nervousness in your speeches? Be prepared to fail in your first few speeches. Tell the audience how nervous you get when speaking. Work especially hard on your speech introduction. All answers are correct.

Work especially hard on your speech introduction.

Listening for pleasure or enjoyment is called ______Blank listening. empathic appreciative comprehensive

appreciative

Gabrielle, a physiology major, waited until the last minute to begin preparing her persuasive speech. When her friend Ken learned that she was panicking over the assignment, he gave her the outline of a speech he had delivered in class the previous semester. Gabrielle used the speech and presented it as her own. Which of the following is true? a. Gabrielle is guilty of no ethical offense because Ken willingly gave her his speech. b. Gabrielle is guilty of patchwork plagiarism because she took her speech entirely from a single source and passed it off as her own. c. Gabrielle is guilty of global plagiarism because she took a speech entirely from a single source and passed it off as her own. d. Gabrielle is guilty of incremental plagiarism because she took ideas or language from two or three sources and passed them off as her own.

c. Gabrielle is guilty of global plagiarism because she took a speech entirely from a single source and passed it off as her own.

A speaker's credibility is affected above all by how the audience regards the speaker's education and notoriety. reputation and rationality. competence and character. celebrity and judgment.

competence and character.

Listening to understand the message of a speaker is called ______Blank listening. sympathetic comprehensive critical

comprehensive

Listening to evaluate a message for the purpose of accepting or rejecting it is called ______ listening. critical argumentative judicious logical

critical

Because speechmaking is a form of power, it carries with it heavy ______Blank responsibilities. ethical psychological sociological

ethical

The knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes through which each listener filters a message make up the listener's ______Blank. frame of reference cognitive screen psychological filter attitudinal field

frame of reference

Even if your speech as a whole is ethical, you can still be guilty of ______Blank plagiarism if you fail to give credit for quotations, paraphrases, and other specific parts of the speech that are borrowed from other people. normal incremental technical

incremental

The mental give-and-take between speaker and listener during a persuasive speech. mental dialogue with the audience persuasion practicality target audience

mental dialogue with the audience

Stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own is called ______Blank plagiarism. global patchwork incremental admissible

patchwork

If you present another person's language or ideas as your own, you are guilty of ______Blank. defamation personification plagiarism

plagiarism

The third basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: Will the speaker's plan solve the problem? Will it create new and more serious problems? mental dialogue with the audience persuasion practicality target audience

practicality

What method of organization is used in a persuasive speech with the following main points? 1. Fraudulent charity fundraising is a widespread problem. 2. The problem can be solved by a combination of government initiative and individual awareness. topical order comparative advantages order Monroe's motivated sequence problem-solution order

problem-solution order

If you want to use a photograph as a visual aid for a speech, your textbook recommends that you show the photograph to the audience by using presentation technology. pass the photograph among members of the audience so they can see it clearly. find a copy of the photograph in an oversized book that you can show from the front of the room. All answers are correct.

show the photograph to the audience by using presentation technology.

His ideas are as worthless as withered weeds" are examples of simile and alliteration repetition and antithesis. imagery and personification. parallelism and metaphor.

simile and alliteration

"The steady flow of traffic sounded like the rush of a great river" is an example of simile. antithesis. oxymoron. metaphor.

simile.

What is the first step toward improving your listening skills? develop note-taking skills concentrate on a speaker's evidence accept the speaker's frame of reference take listening seriously

take listening seriously