Public Speaking Exam #2

Research has demonstrated that visual aids, when used well, can increase a speaker's _________

-clarity -confidence -credibility

When using presentation technology, you should

-give yourself extra time for preparation and rehearsal -check the equipment ahead of time to make sure it is working properly -make sure your text and images are easy for everyone in your audience to see

Which of the following is likely to help you deal with nervousness in your speeches?

-visualize yourself giving a strong speech -focus on communicating rather than on being nervous -be thoroughly prepared for each speech

_________ listeners give their undivided attention to the speaker in a genuine effort to understand her or his point of view

Active

T/F Because listeners recognize that public speakers are promoting their self-interest, it is acceptable for speakers to alter after evidence

False

T/F In persuasive speaking, it is usually appropriate to substitute emotional appeals for evidence and reasoning

False

Gabrielle, a physiology major, waited until the last minute to begin preparing her persuasive speech. When her friend Ken learned that she was panicking over the assignment, he gave her the outline of a speech he had delivered in class the previous semester. Gabrielle used the speech and presented it as her own. Which of the following is true?

Gabrielle is guilty of global plagiarism because she took a speech entirely from a single source and passed it off as her own

__________ is a five-step method of speech organization that follows the process of human thinking and leads the listener step by step to a desired action

Monroe's motivation sequence

What should public speakers do to avoid ethnocentrism

Show respect for the cultures of the people they address

What is the first step toward improving your listening skills

Take listening seriously

T/F Emotional appeal is often necessary when a speaker is trying to move an audience to action

True

T/F People spend more time listening than doing any other communicative activity

True

T/F Public speaking has been taught and studied for thousands of years

True

T/F Using inclusive language is an important part of being an audience-centered public speaker

True

T/F When business managers are asked to rank-order the communication skills most crucial to their jobs, they usually rank listening as number one

True

Which recommendation is a way to help you deal with nervousness in your speeches?

Work especially hard on your speech introduction

Words that refer to ideas or concepts

abstract words

Giving undivided attention to a speaker in a genuine effort to understand the speaker's point of view

active listening

A fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute

ad hominem

a hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress

adrenaline

Repetition of the initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words

alliteration

__________ is repetition of the initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words

alliteration

The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas

antithesis

A fallacy which assumes that something new is automatically better than something old

appeal to novelty

A fallacy which assumes that something old is automatically better than something new

appeal to tradition

Listening for pleasure or enjoyment

appreciative listening

A trite or overused expression

cliche

discourse that takes many more words than are necessary to express an idea

clutter

A speaker's credibility is affected above all by how the audience regards the speaker's

competence and character

Listening to understand the message of a speaker is called _________ listening

comprehensive

Listening to understand the message of a speaker

comprehensive listening

The more _______ a word, the more specific it will be

concrete

Words that refer to tangible objects

concrete words

The ________ meaning of a word is what the word suggest or implies

connotative

The meaning suggested by the association or emotions triggered by a word or phrase

connotative meaning

Listening to evaluate a message for the purpose of accepting or rejecting it is called ________ listening

critical

Listening to evaluate a message for purposes for accepting or rejecting it

critical listening

focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion

critical thinking

The literal or dictionary meaning of a word or phrase

denotative meaning

A fallacy that forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two alternatives exist

either-or

Listening to provide emotional support for a speaker

empathic listening

the belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups of culture

ethnocentrism

The messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker are called _________

feedback

the messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker

feedback

The knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes through which each listener filters a message make up the listener's ____________

frame of reference

Stealing a speech entirely from a single source an passing it off as one's own

global plagiarism

The use of vivid language to create mental images of objects, actions, or ideas

imagery

Language that does not stereotype, demean, or patronize people

inclusive language

Failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people

incremental plagiarism

anything that impedes the communication of a message

interference

The denotative meaning of a word is

its literal meaning or dictionary definition

the mental give-and-take between speakers and listener during a persuasive speech

mental dialogue with the audience

whatever a speaker communicates to someone else

message

An implicit comparison, not yet introduced with the like or as between two things that are essentially different yet have something common

metaphor

The similar arrangement of a pair of series of related words, phrases, or sentences

parallelism

Stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own is called _________ plagiarism

patchwork

Stealing ideas of language from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own

patchwork plagiarism

the process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people's beliefs or actions

persuasion

If you present another person's language or ideas as your own, you are guilty of ________

plagiarism

Presenting another person's language or ideas as one's own

plagiarism

the third basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: Will the speaker's plan solve the problem? Will it create new and more serious problems?

practically

What method of organization is used in a persuasive speech with the following main points? I. Fraudulent clarity fundraising is a widespread problem II. The problem can be solved by a combination of government initiative and individual awareness

problem-solution order

A fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion

red herring

Reiteration of the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences

repetition

The pattern of sound in a speech created by the choice and arrangement of words

rhythm

If you want to use a photograph as a visual aid for a speech, your textbook recommends that you

shows the photograph to the audience by using presentation technology

"The steady flow of traffic sounded like the rush of a great river" is an example of

simile

An explicit comparison, introduced with the word like or as, between things that are essentially different yet have something in common `

simile

"His ideas are as worthless as withered weeds" are examples of

simile and alliteration

the time and place in which speed communication occurs

situation

A fallacy which assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps than cannot be prevented

slippery slope

the person who is presenting an oral message to a listener

speaker

anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience

stage fright

The _______ audience is the portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade

target

the portion of the whole audience that the speaker most want to persuade

target audience

A book of synonyms

thesaurus

____________ is the mental imagining in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation

visualization