PY 355 Ch 13 Quiz

The central threat to the internal validity of a simple interrupted time series design is -maturation -contemporary history -regression to the mean -pretest sensitization -selection bias

-contemporary history

Longitudinal designs are superior to cross-sectional designs for studying age-related changes in behavior because they -use random assignment -control for generational effects -use control groups -eliminate confounding -have greater external validity

-control for generational effects

The primary difference between quasi-experiments and true experiments is that quasi-experiments -require fewer participants -do not involve random assignment -have no dependent variable -involve a single participant -are conducted outside of a laboratory

-do not involve random assignment

Compared to true experiments, quasi-experiments tend to -have lower internal validity -involve more participants -use simpler designs -be used more for research on animals -have lower external validity

-have lower internal validity

The biggest threat to internal validity in a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design is -maturation -local history -external invalidity -experimenter expectancy -posttest reactivity

-local history

Which of the following confounds is most likely in research that studies children over time? -regression to the mean -selection bias -history -pretest sensitization -maturation

-maturation

Which of the following is not a criterion for inferring causality? -the cause and the effect covary -alternative explanations of the results are eliminated -the causal variable precedes the hypothesized effect -participants must be randomly assigned to conditions -a systematic relationship is observed between the cause and effect

-participants must be randomly assigned to conditions

A researcher is hired to document the effects of a management seminar on managers' effectiveness. This kind of research is -critical multiplism -program evaluation -quasi-experimentation -outcome analysis -decision research

-program evaluation

Longitudinal designs most closely resemble -time series designs -one-group pretest-posttest designs -factorial experiments -demographic studies -correlational research

-time series designs

Contemporary history is a problem -in all experimental and quasi-experimental designs -when one group experiences an event that another group does not experience -in research that deals with current events -when another event occurs at the same time as the quasi-independent variable -in program evaluation research

-when another event occurs at the same time as the quasi-independent variable

A local history effect occurs -because participants were not randomly assigned to groups -when external validity is low -as a result of regression to the mean -all of the participants are from the same locality -when groups experience different events other than the quasi-independent variable

-when groups experience different events other than the quasi-independent variable