PY201 Exam 3

Which pair of psychiatrists were responsible for developing the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?

Holmes and Rahe

Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor?

Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat

Who developed the triarchic theory of intelligence?

Robert Sternberg

According to three separate surveys, administered in 1983, 2006, and 2009, which statement about the relationship between stress and sex is the most accurate?

Women report experiencing more stress than men.

Which aspect of the definition of happiness gives the impression that it is a long-term state rather than a brief mood that we experience from time to time?

a feeling that one's life has meaning and value

What is an engram?

a group of neurons that serves as physical representation of a memory

What kind of professional would be most qualified to administer an intelligence test?

a professional trained in psychology

Which part of the brain is most involved in creating implicit memories?

cerebellum

Heather considers taking a new job. She focuses on the increased opportunities for promotion and the higher salary rather than her increased responsibilities; therefore, she views the new position as a ________ rather than a ________.

challenge; threat

Elena finds it very difficult to remember a long string of numbers, so she tries to memorize three numbers at a time. Later, she is able to repeat the numbers correctly because she grouped the numbers into more manageable groups of three. This is an example of ________.

chunking

________ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory.

cognition

How is an explicit memory different from an implicit memory?

explicit memories are memories we consciously try to remember and recall, while implicit memories are those that are not part of our consciousness.

Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the ________ response.

fight-or-flight

________ is having an experience that is so engaging and engrossing that it becomes worth doing for its own sake. During this state a person might say that they feel that they "lose themselves" in the activity.

flow

The type of intelligence that involves seeing complex relationships and solving problems is ________ intelligence.

fluid

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________.

forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart

Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for?

functional fixedness

A flat tire in the morning, realizing that you forgot to get your homework done, and getting into an argument with a buddy are all examples of ________.

hassles

What was the overall result of Lashley's research that sought out the engram of human memory?

he found no evidence that an engram actually exists

What impact did Genie's early isolation have on her ability to acquire language? She never developed a(n) ________.

mastery of the grammatical aspects of language

Gonzalo is attempting to open his car door using the auto lock button on his keychain. He pushes the button twice, but his car door does not open. He continues to push the button even though it is likely that the auto lock feature has stopped working, and he will need to open the door manually with his key. This illustrates a ________.

mental set

Emily is an adult with a 4th-grade skill level in reading, writing, and math. Her doctor suggests she would be capable of holding a job and living independently. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Emily?

mild

When Benito was five he cut his leg on some glass and needed stiches. Years later, his mother tells him the scar came from being bit by a dog. Now, when people ask about his scar he distinctly remembers the dog biting him. This is an example of the ________.

misinformation effect paradigm

What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory?

moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material.

A ________ is the smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning.

morpheme

Developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

physiological

Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives rather than focusing on pathology, faults and problems?

positive psychology

Keegan is a police officer. She was recently placed on administrative leave because she was shot during an armed robbery. Since the shooting, she can't stop thinking about how it felt to be shot, she is often angry with her husband, she jumps when she hears a loud noise, and she takes a 15 minute detour when driving home to avoid the neighborhood where it happened. Keegan probably suffers from ________.

post traumatic stress disorder

"Each person is born with a genetic potential to reach a certain level of potential, but whether or not they accomplish that level depends on their environments and experiences." This is the foundation of the ________ model.

range of reaction

When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, because you are comparing the information in front of you to that which is already stored in your long-term memory.

recognition

Katya studies Spanish for three years, and then switches to Pashto. When asked to remember Spanish vocabulary she can't; instead she can only remember Pashto vocabulary. This is an example of ________ interference.

retroactive

What did the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggest about intelligence? The findings from this study ________.

revealed a genetic component to intelligence

Samara meets a nurse. She immediately assumes he is able to help care for sick people, works long hours, and dispenses advice about illness because her ________ schema suggests that nurses behave this way.

role

Which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words?

semantics

What kind of memory involves storage of brief events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes?

sensory

The practice of administering, scoring, and interpreting an assessment tool in the same manner is called ________.

standardization

Which of the following is not a way you can use what you know about memory to help you remember the names of all 50 states?

stay up the night before an exam to maximize the time you have to study

Ebbinghaus found that about one day after you learn new material, you will only remember ____ percent of it if you have not reviewed it a second time.

30%

An intelligence score that falls below ________ indicates significant cognitive delays, and may be indicative of an intellectual disability.

70

What was the most controversial conclusion made by Arthur Jensen with regard to Level 1 and Level II intelligence?

African Americans, as a group, had the lowest amount of Level II intelligence

Which individual was asked by the French government to create an assessment tool - an intelligence test, of sorts - that would be used to identify schoolchildren who would be more likely to have difficulty in school?

Alfred Binet

Which of the following individuals is demonstrating an optimistic outlook on life?

Carl, who tends to see the good in situations and always looks on the bright side

In Hans Selye's rat study, rats that were exposed to stressors over a long period of time showed signs of ________.

adrenal enlargement, thymus and lymph node shrinkage, and stomach ulceration

Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

after wondering for months if he was going to lose his job, Nicolao begins to develop stomach ulcers

If I am looking at a snake and processing the fear caused by the snake, what part of my brain am I using?

amygdala

The analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to ________.

analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast

Which dimension of the Type A behavior pattern is most predictive of heart disease?

anger/hostility

What does the equipotentiality hypothesis suggest would happen if the hippocampus was damaged?

another part of the brain would compensate for the damage by taking over the memory function normally managed by the hippocampus

Sharmila cannot remember what she had for breakfast last week, but she can remember the day she got married ten years ago as clearly as if it just happened. This example illustrates the ________ theory.

arousal

________ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics.

artificial

Alma has a serious disease in which the airways of her respiratory system become obstructed, leading to great difficulty expelling air from the lungs. Which disease does Alma have?

asthma

Illnesses such as diabetes and cancer kill more than twice the number of Americans than murder or car accidents. However, Zale sees car accidents as more dangerous because he often hears about car accident fatalities on the nightly news, and he doesn't know anyone with diabetes or cancer. Therefore, Zale takes more precautions against car accidents. This exemplifies ________.

availability heuristic

________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person's involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes.

biofeedback

Which of the following is an example of eustress?

buying a new home

Rudy is amazing in all of his school classes, except math. He struggles to understand basic arithmetic concepts, confuses mathematical symbols like "+" and "=", and gets very frustrated and upset at the thought of doing math homework. Rudy has a normal level of cognitive functioning in other areas, and reads and writes with ease. Rudy's parents may want to have him evaluated to see if he suffers from ________.

dyscalculia

Barney used to live in Pittsburgh, and his telephone number started with the area code 412. Now he has moved to Baltimore, and his new telephone number has an area code of 410. Barney remembers his new area code by connecting it to the old one and just subtracting two. This is an example of ________ rehearsal.

elaborative

________ is/are the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.

eustress

White blood cells that circulate in the bloodstream and are an important part of the body's immune system are called ________.

lymphocytes

A public opinion poll was administered to 50 people before the election of President Barack Obama. Polls taken before election night showed 50% of the people polled believed Barack Obama would be elected president. After the election results, the same people were asked if they believed Barack Obama would be elected president, and this time 75% of the people said yes. This may be an example of ________ bias.

hindsight

Niaz's car breaks down, and he is convinced that it was a predictable event even though there was no way of knowing it would happen. This exemplifies ________.

hindsight bias

Which part of my brain is probably damaged if I am unable to recognize basic objects around my house?

hippocampus

What is the main idea of levels of processing theory?

if you want to remember a piece of info, you should think about it more deeply and link it to other info and memories to make it more meaningful

The process by which one's physiological defense system becomes less efficient at fighting illness is called ________ and this process is enhanced by elevated stress levels.

immunosuppression

Your memory of how to ride a bicycle is probably something that you don't actively think about while you're riding. You just sort of "do it" without thinking of how you do it. This is an example of a(n) ________ memory.

implicit

Knowing what a dinosaur is because you looked through a book with pictures of dinosaurs and watched the film Jurassic Park is an example of a natural concept that was developed through ________ experience.

indirect

What is episodic memory?

information from events we have personally experienced

In Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory, ________ intelligence and ________ intelligence are often combined into a single type: emotional intelligence.

interpersonal; intrapersonal

Angela transfers to a new high school for gifted children and has trouble making friends. She expected this and plans to change it by joining more after school clubs and sitting next to different people at lunch. She believes she has effective options for dealing with the stressor of having no friends; therefore, she experiences ________.

less stress than someone who has not effective options

Nima excels at working with numbers in subjects such as calculus and algebra. This exemplifies ________ intelligence from the multiple intelligences theory.

logical-mathematical

Dozens of people witness a purse snatching. One of the eyewitnesses loudly yells "the man with the blue shirt did it." Later, when questioned by police, several other eyewitnesses remember the purse snatcher wearing a blue shirt, even though the purse snatcher was a woman in flowered dress. This is an example of ________, or the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories.

suggestibility

Within the semantic network model of memory, what would happen to concepts that are related to (or attached) to one that is currently being activated by thinking about it?

they would also be activated, though at a lower level

Elaborative rehearsal involves ________.

thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory

The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________.

transcendental meditation

Which of the following is a good example of the use of a mnemonic?

using the acronym "HOMES" to remember the names of the five Great Lakes

Ben is asked to memorize the words canine, feline, and avian. He remembers the words by associating them with their synonyms: dog, cat, and bird. This is an example of ________ encoding.

visual