QAL

Diaphragm pumps

5-40 gpm

Gear pumps

5-65 gpm

Factors affecting drift

1. Droplet size spectrum 2. Wind speed and direction - no more 8 mph 3. Distance from nozzle to target 4. equipment and formulation pesticides 5. air temperature and humidity 6. nozzle orientation 7. buffer zones

Piston pumps

2-60 gpm. Used with sprayer equipped with a system or rate controller.

When to read the pesticide labeling

Before buying the pesticide Before mixing and applying the pesticide When storing pesticides Before disposing of unused pesticide and empty containers.

Accumulation

Buildup of a persistent pesticide resulting from repeated applications or exposures.

An easy way to reduce pesticide drift is to discontinue spraying when wind speeds exceed: a. 3 mph b. 5 mph c. 7 mph

C

What should you do to avoid heat stress during a pesticide application? A. make the application as quickly as possible B. Use less than the recommended PPE if it will be very hot outside C. Drink plenty of water and take frequent rest breaks in a cool or shady place

C

When must pesticide safety training be given to field workers? A. within one month after they begin work B. immediately after each pesticide application C. before they are allowed to work in a treated field D. when fieldworkers request training

C

Which of the following adjuvants might you add to your tank mix to help reduce spray drift? A. surfactants B. attractants C. thickeners

C

Which of the following can be used to remove stuck particles from a nozzle you are cleaning? A. steel brush B. thin copper wire C. wooden toothpick

C

Which of the following equipment types can be used to treat insects and disease in areas of dense foliage? a. Trigger pump sprayers b. Spinning disc sprayers c. Tunnel sprayers

C

Put the following decontamination processes in the correct order A. removing and cleaning work clothes B. washing the hands and body C. removing and cleaning boots and gloves

C, A, B

Which of the following body parts distinguish mites from insects? Select all that apply. a. thorax b. abdomen c. idiosoma d. number of legs e. wings f. gnathosoma g. antennae

C, D, F

Category III

CAUTION

Failing to mix volatile pesticides thoroughly into soil

Causes vapor drift when the pesticides comes into contact with air

Structural Pest Control Board (SPCB)

Certifies and licenses structural pest control applicators and conducts certain types of field enforcement of structural pest control laws and regulations.

California Department of Public Health (CDPH) Vector-Borne Disease Section

Certifies vector control pesticides applicators employed by a government vector control agency and develops vector control pest control study guides.

County Agricultural Commissionersz

Certify private pesticide applicators and conduct local enforcement of pesticide use law and regulations.

Symptoms of disease

Changes in the apperance of the infected plant - necrotic, sunken, ulcerlike lesions of an anthracnose infection.

Degree-day phenoloy

Check to see if temperature development thresholds and rates have been determined for the pest being monitored

Venturia

apple scab

Deficient oxygen condition

Condition in which the oxygen concentration in air falls below 19% making an area highly hazardous

Adding less than the required amount of active ingredient to the tank mix results in...

Contributes to secondary pest outbreaks or a resurgence of the pest

Flat-fan nozzles

Create more spray droplets in the center and fewer droplets on the side so that the pattern tapers off at each end. Used with soil-applied herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides.

A coorperating agency that helps the DPR enfore pesticide use laws and regulations in California is the A. County department of health B. State department of water resources C. State department of labor D. County Agricultural Commissioner

D

When posting a treated field along an unfenced public bike path, warning signs must be placed no further apart than A.100 feet B.250 feet C. 500 feet D. 600 feet

D

Category I

DANGER

Monilinia

Genera of fungi that result in brown rot in fruits. (It is the asexual phase that infects the fruit). Belongs to the class discomycetes.

FIFRA - Section 3

General pesticide product registration. Grants the EPA to register pesticide products with the corresponding labeling containing basic registered uses, use directions, requirements, and prohibitions.

Precautionary statements

List of specific hazards to people, animals, and the environmental for the pesticide

Ingredients

List of the components of the pesticide

Pressure strainers

Located between the pump and nozzles. 40-50 mesh.

Morningglory family

Low growing annuals and perennials. Field bindweed is one of the most difficult perennial broadleaves weeks to control in CA. Cots are large and roundish and notched at the end, true leaves are triangular.

Reservoir planting

Planting conventional plants within or along the borders of a field to encourage interbreeding between pests that have developed resistance and those that have not.

Antagonistic effect

Reduced toxicity or effectiveness as a result of combining one pesticide with another

Bristletails

Silverfish and Firebrats. Feed on resins and glue used in books and picture mounting.

Strawberry pests

Spider mites (twospotted, carmine) Lygus bug Cyclamen mite Aphid (green, melon, potato, strawberry) Verticillium wilt Phytophthora

Dry break couplings

Spring-loaded check valve that automatically plugs the disconnected houses and fitting.

Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR)

State lead agency for developing and implementing a statewide pesticide regulatory program.

Pests of cotton

Sweet potato/silver leaf whitefly Pink bollworm Cotton bollworm Cotton aphid Lygus bug Webspinning spider mites (strawberry, pacific, twospotted, and carmine)

Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs)

Synthesized compounds that can regulate plant growth similar to naturally produced hormones.

Upper developmental threshold

Temperature at which the rate of growth or development begins to slow

Signal word

The word that indicates the toxicity or hazard level of a pesticide

Tracking powders

These a rodenticidal/ insecticidal formulations in powder form. Used to detect insect/ rodent activity.

Slurry (SL)

Think, watery, paste-like mixture of finely ground dusts. Conbined with water and sitred to form a paste. Paste is then slowly added to water in a partially filled spray tank, agitation is required. Rest of tank is filled with water. Abrasive to pumps and nozzles. Ex) Bordeaux mixture (hydrated lime and copper sulfate)

Broadleaf

This weed produces two seedling-leaves and can be herbaceous or woody

Air blast sprayer

To move spray into dense foliage or treetops in a vineyard or orchard

Flooding

Used for applying herbicides and mixtures of herbicides and liquid fertilizers

Broadcast

Used in situations where you cannot use a spray boom but need a wide swath

Venturi

Used most often with systemic products, but can also work with contact products if the spray volume is high (>40 GPA).

Bulb applicators

Used to apply dusts to small, confined areas, cracks and crevices.

Smother crops

Used to suppress weeds and yield a cash crop at the same time

Even spray

Used when applying separate bands of spray that should not overlap

Exclusion

Using barriers to prevent pests from getting into an area. I.e. window screens.

Fungal diseasess

Usually occurs naturally and helps control aphids

Hand-operated granule applicators

Usually strapped to the operator's chest, operated with a hand-crank, and operator walks at a steady pace while turning the crack.

Popular parasites

Usually wasps or flies

Category II

WARNING

Pests in rangelands/grasslands/noncrop ag lands

Weeds (barb goatgrass, black medic, brooms) Burning and stinging nettles California burclover Fiddlenecks Hare barley and wild oats Invasive plants Perennial pepperweed Ripgut brome Yellow starthistle Wild backberries Ground squirrels Wild big Deer mouse Grasshoppers

Leaching

Where pesticide residues move from the soil surface downward in soil with percolating water to ground water

Pesticide is soluble in water which can affect...

runoff

Viroids

small circular RNA molecules that infect plants and disrupt their growth

Pyrethroids

synthetic chemicals related to botanical pyrethrums. very effective in low doses and low toxicity to mammals. Interefers with the function of the nerves and brain. Ex) Bifenthrin, permethrin, and cypermethrun.

Bandedwinged whitefly

tomato, alfalfa, and cotton

Aster family

"Thistled" annual and perennial broadleaved weeds. "Showy flowers"

Deviations from Labeling

1. Decrease in rate per unit treated - decrease pesticide 2. Decrease in the concentration of the mixture applied - increase water 3. Increase in concentration as long as it corresponds with published recommendations from UCs 4. Application at a frequency less than specified 5. Use to control la target pest not listed on the labeling when the commodity or site is listed. 6. Use of any method of application not prohibited, provided other labeling directions are followed. 7. Tank-mixing with another pesticide or fertilizer 8. `Exceptions to or substitutions for PPE requirements.

Certificate and License Ranking

1. PCA 2. PCAPC 3. QAL 4. QAC

Centrifugal pumps

200+ `gpm

Roller pumps

8-40 gpm

Nozzle tip code: 8004

80 degree angle and 0.4 gpm

A Pest control Dealer license is not required for a person or business who A. has a Pest Control Business License and sells only pesticides they apply B> solicits sales of pesticides by making agricultural use recommendations through field representatives or other agents C. sells insect trapping devices for agricultural pests D. sells pesticides that can be used for either agricultural or non-agricultural purposes

A

A person who is responsible for pesticide containers must: A. store the containers in a locked enclosure or provide a person to maintain control over the containers at all times B. keep the containers off the ground in the back of a vehicle when they are to be unattended C. cover the containers with a tarp if they cannot be put into a storage facility D. keep the containers on the application equipment at all times

A

An employee who mixes, loads, or applies pesticides with the signal word "DANGER" in the production of an agricultural commodity may work alone at night if the employee A. makes personal contact by radio with a responsible adult at least every hour B. makes personal contact by radio with a responsible adult at least every two hours C. carries a cellular telephone at all times D. receives special training

A

Before making a pesticide application on someone's property, a pest control business must A. obtain permission from the operator of the property B. file a "Notice of Intent" with the CAC C. give notice to anyone living within 1/4 mile of the application D. mark off the treatment area with yellow "caution" tape

A

CAC may adopt supplemental pesticide regulations with the approval of the A. Department of Pesticide Regulation B. Office of the Governor C. County Board of Supervisors D. California State Legislature

A

Empty pesticide bags can be handled and disposed of as non-hazardous waste as long as they A. have been properly emptied according to the DPR's "Guidelines for Emptying and Burning Pesticide Bags" B. have been properly triple-rinsed C. do not have the signal word "DANGER" or "WARNING" D. have been perforated so they cannot be reused

A

Engineering controls that help protect you from pesticide exposure include which of the following? A. enclosed cabs and closed mixing systems B. SCBA devices and water-soluble pesticide packaging C. chemical-resistant materials and atmosphere monitoring devices

A

High temperatures during or soon after a pesticide application can cause which of the following problems? A. increased phytotoxicity and accelerated chemical breakdown B. increased absorption and faster translocation C. increased leaching potential and a loss of potency

A

How can you tell if pesticide coverage is adequate in an area? a. Check foliage for visible residue. b. Check plants to see if pest damage is continuing. c. Count the number of dead or dying pests.

A

How can you tell if someone is suffering from acute pesticide poisoning? A. find out what immediately preceded the onset of symptoms B. look to see if there are any obvious signs of a pesticide spill nearby C. it is impossible to tell unless you are a trained medical professional

A

How does crop rotation help control nematode populations? A. populations will fall if the nematode species has a narrow host range and requires a living host to survive in the soil B. Nematodes will latch onto the new plants, and will be removed when plant debris is removed before the next planting. C. the effect of crop rotation on nematodes is not well understood and only works when combined with chemical control methods

A

How often must fieldworkers receive pesticide safety training? A. every year B. every two years C. every four years D. every five years

A

How often must handlers receive pesticide safety training A. Every year B. every 2 years C. every 4 years D. every 5 years

A

How often must you clean reusable PPE? A. At the end of each work period, before using the equipment again B. at least once per week if the equipment is used more than 2 days C. at the beginning of each spray season

A

In the state of California, a pesticide is defined as A. any substance used to control pest organisms in any situation B. only those chemicals registered for pest control in CA C. chemicals derived from natural and organic sources only

A

It takes your equipment 3 minutes to travel 264 feet. How fast, in miles per hour, is the equipment traveling? A. 1 mile per hour B. 2 miles per hour C. 3 miles per hour

A

Making an applications of a pesticide product at a lower rate than specified in labeling directions is A. always allowed B. illegal C. allowed only if you obtain written authorization for the CAC D. allowed only if the product is tank mixed

A

Mammals become pests when they: a. consume stored produce. b. prey on reptiles and insects. c. live on or near farms.

A

Monitor after every treatment to learn A. whether the control activity was successful B. how much residue remains on leaves C. whether the landowners is satisfied with the results

A

Nonstandard sprayer parts or additions like nozzle turrets have which of the following problems? A. they can retain a surprising amount of pesticide residue if not checked carefully. B. they are challenging to troubleshoot if the operator is unfamiliar with the parts. C. they cannot be switched out easily when changing formulations or application sites

A

On pesticide labeling the signal word A. signifies the relative acute toxicity of the pesticide product B. identified the forumlation of pesticide product C. warns of the potential crop damage level D. identifies relative effectiveness or control level

A

PPE protects you from exposure to pesticides by A. keeping dry and liquid material off your skin B. covering only the most vulnerable part of your body C. preventing you from having on the job accidents

A

Pesticide handler safety training for employees must be completed before A. employees are allowed to handle any pesticide B. the first work-day of each month in which a pesticide might be handled C. by the 10th of the month following the month in which pesticides were used D. the beginning of each year

A

Physiological time is often expressed in units called: a. Degree-days b. Heat-days c. Life-days

A

Restricted material permits for agricultural use must be A. site and time specific B. mailed or personally delivered to anyone living within 1/4 mile of the application C. approved by the CDPR D. Posted in a central location for 30 days after the application

A

Signs that a person is experiencing heat stress can include A. tiredness and confusion B. sweating and vomiting C. body aches and weakness

A

The REI for the pesticide you are applying is 8 days. How will you keep people out of the treated field during that period? A. Place warning signs at usual points of entry, or in the case of an unfenced field, at the corners of the treated area B. Notify fieldworkers of the REI orally before the application and remind them again after the application C. Erect a temporary barrier around the treated area that remains locked for the duration of the REI

A

The first step to take before storing any application equipment is to: a. decontaminate and clean it thoroughly. b. inspect it carefully for damage and wear. c. check tanks or hoppers for leftover pesticide.

A

Using transgenic plants without employing other IPM methods may increase a pest's: a. resistance to the inserted genes. b. ability to reproduce and spread. c. available sites for overwintering

A

What can you do to find out if your pesticide application has been successful in an area? a. Return to the site one day after the application to see if pest damage has been reduced or has stopped. b. Leave water-sensitive paper cards at the site and check to see if there has been a color change. c. Walk through the site immediately after the application to see if spray has reached target surfaces.

A

What can you do to reduce the likelihood of pesticides settling out or clumping after mixing? a. Contact the pesticide dealer to find out which compatibility agent to add to the tank. b. Decrease agitation to reduce excessive turbulence and foaming in the tank. c. Decrease dilution rates so there is less diluent (water or oil) in the tank.

A

What can you use to measure a pesticide spray's penetration into the thick foliage of trees? A. water-sensitive paper B. wireless chemical sensors C. pH-sensitive sponges

A

What information must you have before you can select a pesticide to use for vertebrate control? a. An accurate identification of the pest species causing damage and a knowledge of its habits and biology b. A list of the pesticide's hazards to nontarget animals and humans in the area where it will be applied c. A history of weather trends and vertebrate pest population density in the area

A

What is the definition of pesticide residue? A. what remains on treated surfaces for a time after application B. the unsightly and unnecessary by-product of a pesticide applicaiton C. how a pesticide kills the target pests upon application

A

What is the first thing you should look for when returning to perform follow-up monitoring at an application site? A. indications that pesticide coverage was adequate and uniform B. evidence of pest damage and presence of natural enemies C. symptoms of phytotoxicity appearing in nontarget plants

A

When monitoring an area, you should look for which of the following to help you correctly identify pests? A. characteristic signs B. a pest control adviser C. preserved specimens D. distinguishing features

A

When should you avoid using a metal or coated metal sprayer tank? A. The pesticide formulations you use can react with metal B. the weather is regularly wet or air is excessively humid C. the soil is moist and a heavy sprayer will compact soil too much

A

When treating weeds or insects infesting the base of established trees or vines, you should use which of the following application methods? a. Basal b. Broadcast c. Drench

A

Which of the following is an example of cultural control A. discing weeds in a field B. making spot treatments using an herbicide C. releasing imported natural enemies

A

Which of the following is not an employer responsibility before allowing employees into a treated field after completion of a pesticide application and while a Restricted Entry Interval is in effect? A. providing instructions on where and how to store personal protective equipment at home B. providing all required personal protective equipment C. providing instructions to employees to wash thoroughly at the end of the exposure period D. providing information on recognizing, preventing, and giving first aid for heat-related illnesses

A

Which of the following is required training for fieldworkers who will enter treated areas with 30 days of the expiration of any restricted-entry interval? A. first aid for pesticide injury and poisoning and emergency decontamination instruction B. posting requirements for sites that have been treated with DANGER or WARNING pesticides C. proper use of a closed mixing system or other engineering control used to protect workers from exposure

A

Which of the following is true about the system of scientific names used to identify living things? A. It reveals relationships among various organisms so people can identify them more easily. B. It reduces confusion because it relates closely to the common name of most organisms C. Is it the only way of correctly identifying organisms in a written pest management plan

A

Which of the following represents a mode of action of pesticides having contact action? A. clogging an insect's air passages B. inhibiting seed germination C. root applications that translocate through a plant

A

Which of the following site characteristics makes it more likely that a pesticide will contaminate groundwater? A. Geological layers at the site are make up of permeable gravel deposits B. Aquifers are located several miles away from the application site G. Groundwater is far from the surface under many layers of thick clay.

A

Which of the following symptoms would NOT be reasonable grounds to suspect the possibility of a pesticide illness or injury? A. scratches on the arms or hands B. headache C. blurred vision D. abdominal cramps

A

Which parts should always be removed from large liquid sprayers that will be stored for extended periods? A. nozzles, strainers, filter screens, and O rings B. tank covers, spray shields, tired, and valves C. nozzle turrets, pressure gauges, gas caps, and hoses

A

Which type of pesticide should you use if you want to reduce the number of applications that are needed to control fungal disease? a. Systemic fungicides b. Contact fungicides c. Persistent fungicides

A

Which would be considered a preventive pest management strategy? A. planting weed-free seeds B. releasing natural enemies C. eliminating rodents from a building

A

Who is qualified to provide training to fieldworkers in California? A. a person who has completed an approved instructor-training program B. another fieldworker who attended a fieldworker training session C. an Occupational Safety and Health Administration certified instructor D. a University of California professor

A

Why is it a problem if pests become resistant to the pesticide you normally apply? A. pests resistant to that pesticide are often resistant to all products with chemically related active ingredients, so many products will now be ineffective. B. it causes inconvenience, because you must then seek out other, related pesticide formulations to control pests effectively at this site. C. increasing pest populations will attract too many natural enemies (such as parasitic wasps) which often come pests in large numbers

A

Why must you regularly calibrate application equipment? A. to ensure you are using the correct amount of pesticide for effective pest control B. to ensure you are using the maximum amount of pesticide allowed by law C. to ensure that pest problems never reoccur in areas where you apply pesticides

A

You know a pump is worn and may need to be replaced when A. pressure is too low B. spray pattern is uneven C. drift is greater than expected

A

What hazard does the preharvest interval help a pesticide applicator avoid? A. exposing people to unsafe levels of pesticide residue on the food they eat B. exposing fieldworkers to excessive pesticide residues on crops they harvest C. exposing themselves to dangerous pesticide levels on plants they treat

A and B

Pellets (P or PS)

A dry formulation manufactured to be a uniform product of a specific weight and shape.

Wettable powder (WP)

A dry pesticide formulation in powder form that forms a suspension when added to water. Usually mixed with a finely ground dry carrier, usually mineral clay. Contains 15-75% a.i. Amongst that safest if phytotoxicity is a concern. Highly compatibility with other pesticides but can be abrasive to pumps and nozzles and creates dust while mixing.

Binary fission

A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size

Arthropods

A group of organisms that have jointed appendages, an exoskeleton, bilateral symmetry, and reproduce sexually; insects, arachnids, millipedes and cenitpedes, and crustaceans. Use body structure to identify.

Unsulfonated residue

A measure of purity of petroleum oils used a pesticides.

Volute

A metal, duct-like structure used to direct the air flow from a sprayer fan, enabling pesticide laden air to be directed to treetops or other hard-to-reach areas

Coalescent effect

A mixture that has reacted to form a new chemical with a different mode of action

Permit excemptions

A permit is not needed when applying RUPs unless it is listed in the 3 CCR section 6400 or the CAC has determined that a permit is required.

Qualifed Applicator Licensee (QAL)

A person who has qualifed by examination in one or more pest control categories to use and supervise the use of restricted materials, and to supervise the pest control activities of a licensed Pest Control Business and who is responsible for safe and legal operations under such license.

Qualifed Applicator Certifcate (QAC)

A person who has qualifed by examination in one or more pest control categories to use and supervise the use of restricted materials. However, such qualifcation shall not entitle the holder to supervise the operations of a licensed Pest Control Business, except for a Maintenance Gardener Pest Control Business.

Private applicator

A person who uses or supervises the use of a pesticide on property owned, leased, or rented by him or her, or his or her employer for the purpose of producing an agricultural commodity

Acaricide

A pesticide used to control mites and ticks. A miticide is a type of acaricide.

Pesticide Safety Information Series (PSIS)

A series of leafets produced by the Department of Pesticide Regulation that summarize health and safety aspects of various pesticides and groups of pesticides.

Acetylcholine

A short-acting neurotransmitter, widely distributed in the body, that transmits nerve signals between nerves and muscles, nerve and sensory organs, or nerves and other nerves.

Class II disposal site

A site for nontoxic and nonhazardous materials

Class I disposal site

A site for toxic and hazardous materials

Auger

A spiral-shaped shaft used for moving pesticide dusts or granules from a hopper to a moving belt or disc for application

Select the tools that are required for accurate, professional calibration of pesticide sprayers from the list below. Select all that apply: A. droplet size chart B. stopwatch C. measuring tape D. wooden toothpick E. calibrated container F. magnifying glass G. flowmeter H. flagging tape

A, B, C, D, E, and G

Which of the following illegal uses can be prevented if you abide by the requirement to read, understand, and follow the instructions of pesticide labels and related materials? A. applying a pesticide that is not registered for the crop you need to treat B. applying a pesticide during weather conditions listed as restricted for the product C. applying the product at too low a rate in a given area D. applying the pesticide too many times in a season in a particular area

A, B, D

Which of the following statements are true about poison baits (select all that apply)? a. You can use specially designed bait stations to prevent other animals and children from accessing poison baits. b. Some baits attract target pests, eliminating the need for widespread pesticide application. c. Well-targeted baits are formulated to reach the target pest, and leave the pest's predators unharmed. d. Manufacturers often color grain baits to make them less attractive to birds

A, B, D

Which of the following items should be part of a well-equipped decontamination facility? A. plastic drop cloths B. containers for holding contaminated PPE C. brooms D. long-handled, soft-bristled brushes E. cat litter F. single-use washcloths and towels

A, B, D, and F

A spill kit should contain which of the following items? A. shovel, broom, and dustpan B. wash and rinse buckets C. absorbent clay, sawdust, or cat litter D. PPE as required by the pesticide label E. large galvanized tubs

A, C, D

Which of the following statements are true about host-plant resistance to nematode infestation (select all that apply)? a. Nematode-resistant plants are best used in combination with other management techniques, such as crop rotation and fallowing. b. Good water management, fertilization, and other cultural practices make little difference in a plant's ability to resist nematodes. c. A plant that is resistant to nematode pests may be susceptible to one or more alternate pests that live and breed nearby. d. Nematode-resistant plants are a very cost-efficient way to manage pest nematode species in fields, orchards, or vineyards.

A, C, D

Which of the following weather conditions, if detected at the application site, should result in a postponement or cancellation of the pesticide application? Select all that apply. a. Temperature is above label limit b. Winds are light, less than 5 mph c. A temperature inversion has been observed d. The day is clear and sunny, and temperatures are rising rapidly e. Fog is rolling into the area f. The day is sunny and temperatures are mild

A, C, D, E

Which of the following signs indicate an incompatibility developing in a tank mix? Select all that apply. a. Flakes forming in the tank b. Foaming in the tank c. Crystals precipitating in the tank d. Clouding of the mixture e. Oily clumps appearing in the tank f. Severe separation

A, C, D, E, F

Which statements are true about first aid response for pesticide exposure to the eye? A. Hold eyelids open to ensure thorough flushing. B. the water should be dripped directly into the eye; don't use an eyewash dispenser C. continuously rinse the eye for 15 minutes D. Pour clean water from a glass, water cooler, or other container onto the bridge of the nose, rather than directly into the eye

A, C, and D

In which of the following situations must you notify people in the area of your pesticide application? A. when fieldworkers or other employees are within 1/4 mile of the treatment side B. when people have hung dry laundry to dry outdoors in homes nearby C. when people near the site have fruits or vegetables growing in gardens D. when beekeepers have hives close to the treatment site E. when the application site is near a school or park

A, D, and E

Smother crops

Able to suppress weed by being grown in high densities in crop rotations following the main crop. Ex) cereals, sorghum, safflower, field corn, and domestic sunflowers

Restricted Use Pesticides

Acute oral, dermal, ocular, or inhalation toxicity hazards to applicators or others Significant sub-chronic, chronic, or delayed toxic effects on humans A potential environmental effects

Deposition aids

Adjuvants that improve the ability of pesticide sprays to reach surfaces in a treatment area. Ex) Inverting agents encapsulate the pesticide, forming oil droplets of uniform size. These suspend in larger water droplets to form an invert suspension. Prevents evaporation or volatilization of the pesticide before it reaches the target surface. Drift control agents increase droplet size by altering shear forces of the liquid spray emitted from a nozzle.

Regulation

Adopted by the Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR) after a public comment period, approval by the Offce of Administrative Law, and fled with the Secretary of State. Regulations are designed to interpret and carry out the purposes of a law, and are found in Title 3 of the California Code of Regulations. County Agricultural Commissioners may adopt regulations governing local pest control operations. These county regulations must be approved by DPR before they become effective.

Bacterial wilts

Affect the entire plant, slime is produced that plugs the water-conducting tissue of the infected plant.

Axonic

Affecting the axons, or long fibers of nerve cells, impairing normal nerve function by interfereing with the conduction of a nerve impulse along a nerve

Procedure for getting pesticides on skin or clothing

After removing contaminated clothing, thoroughly wash the affected areas with soap or detergent and large amounts of water

Applying pesticides too frequently in an area leads to..

Aids in the development of resistance

Broad-spectrum pesticide

Aka nonselective pesticide

Carrot pests

Alternaria leaf blight Root knot nematode (stubby, needle) Cotton melon aphid Cavity spot Cercospera leaf blight Bacterial soft rot

Physiological time

Amount of heat needed by an organism to develop Aka degree days!

Activator

An adjuvant that increases the activity of a pesticide by reducing surface tension or speeding up penetration through insect or plant cuticles

Additive effect

An increase in toxicity brought about by combining one pesticide with another

Mallow family

Annual or perennial broad-leaved weeds. Tolerant of many herbicides. Can grow 1/2 to 7 feet tall. Produce capsule or disclike fruits that enclose several seeds. Leaves are usually round with serrated edges and have palmate vein structures.

Sensitive aquatic site

Any irrigation or drainage ditch, canal, or other body of water in which the presence of dormant insecticides could adversely impact any of the benefcial uses of the waters of the state specifed in law.

FIFRA definition of "pesticide"

Any material applied to plants, the soil water, harvested crops, structures, clothing and furnishings, or animals to kill, attract, repel, or regulate or interrupt growth and mating of pests.

CCR section 6400 DPR designates the following pesticides as "restricted materials"

Any pesticide labeled as a "RUP" Any pesticide used under a Section 18 Emergency Exemption Groundwater protection pesticides listed in 3 CCR section 6800 (a) Certain other pesticides listed in this section

Label

Any written, printed, or graphic matter with pest control directions, requirements, prohibitions, and other information such as health and safety precautions. The label must appear on or be securely attached to the immediate pesticide product container or pest control device.

Ultra-low volume sprayer

Applications limited to low wind conditions because of elevated drift potential; equipment also uses highly concentrated formulations, so hazards to pesticide handlers may be increased.

Electrostatic sprayers

Apply 10-50 gal/acre in the form of small, electrically charged droplets. The spray droplets are attracted to the plant surface and do not clump together. A transformer connected to the tractor's electrical system creates an electrical charge of about 15,000-20,000 volts.

Ultra-low volume sprayers

Apply less than 1 quart to a few gallons of spray per acre. Usually propelled by a fan or blower, mixture are much more concentrated than in higher-volume sprayers.

Spores

Asexual reproductive or resting cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, in contrast to a gamete

You are spraying near a sensitive area, so drift reduction is critical

Available adjuvants and formulation type

Dothiorella canker

Avocado

Vapor drift advice

Avoid applying on a hot day, especially if soil is sandy

9. For minimal exposure pesticides bearing the signal word CAUTION, employers A. do not need to provide decontamination facilities at the mixing and loading area B. must provide decontamination facilities at the mixing and loading area C. must provide decontamination facilities within 1/4 mile of the mixing and loading area D. must provide decontamination facilities within 1 mile of the mixing and loading area

B

A PCB that has one or more employees must have A. atleast two service vehicles B. workers' compensation insurance C. 24-hour phone service D. a permit from the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment

B

A minimal exposure pesticide is a pesticide A. that can be handled by anyone with the potential for little or no exposure B. with labeling instructions that do not mitigate specific hazards C. with labeling instructions that mitigate specific hazards D. that will not cause significant human health or environmental injury

B

A person who holds a QAC in the "plant agriculture" category CANNOT A. supervise the use of restricted materials on agricultural crops B. sell or supervise people who sell agricultural pesticides C. apply general use pesticides or restricted materials on agricultural crops D. supervise the use of general use pesticides on agricultural crops

B

A pesticide formulation is a mixture of A. concentrated pesticide and adjuvants or other ingredients you have added to a tank mix B. active ingredients and substances that improve application effectiveness, safety, handling, and storage. C. water-soluble packaging and a concentrated chemical that makes mixing less hazardous

B

A proper pesticide storage facility should be A. protected by a security system and equipped with a telephone for emergencies B. securely locked and clearly identified as a pesticide storage facility C. well lighted and supplied with plenty of sturdy wooden storage shelves

B

A service container that is used to hold a pesticide or pesticide mixture is A. the original pesticide container B. any other legal container other than the original labeled pesticide container C. a special heavy-duty container provided by the pesticide manufacturer D. a returnable container approved by the DPR

B

Before a pest control business applies a pesticide for the production of an agricultural commodity, the property operator must provide the business with A. a detailed map of the application site B. their operator identification number C. a pesticide use report D. a copy of the property's liability insurance policy

B

Decontamination facilities must be equipped at a minimum with A. soap, single-use towels, and high-pressure water for emergency washing B. sufficient water, soap, and single-use towels for routine washing of the hands and face, and emergency washing of the entire body C. soap, single-use towels, and enough water for routine hand washing and emergency washing of the face D. single-use towels, soap, warm water, and one pint of water for eye washing

B

Definitive identification for nematodes and pathogens can only be made by consulting A. Identification keys B. Trained experts C. Farm advisors D. Photographs

B

Different weather conditions can affect a pesticide's phytotoxicity, degradation, uptake by pests, and volatility. Which one can affect all four? a. Fog b. Temperature c. Wind

B

Exceeding the maximum application rate of a pesticide product as per its labeling is A. always allowed B. illegal C. allowed only if you obtain written authorization for the CAC D. allowed only if the product is tank mixed

B

If a crop is found to have residues of a pesticide that is not registered for that crop, it will be A. sold for livestock feed only B. considered a public nuisance C. held in storage until the residues dissipate D. allowed to be sold only outside of the United States

B

If you are using a formulation that has a high drift potential, it is best to use a boom sprayer equipped with: a. aluminum nozzles. b. spray shields. c. a system controller.

B

In California, which of the following irrigation systems is used most often for chemigation? A. center-pivot sprinkler systems B. micro-irrigation system C. self-propelled linear systems

B

In what ways can insects be used to control weeds? A. they can be encouraged to lay eggs on or inside plants B. they are vectors, transmitting disease organisms to plants C. their presence attracts the type of animal that eats plants

B

Keeping accurate application records can prevent problems associated with which of the following? A. increased volatility B. plant-back restrictions C. expiration date

B

PPE can make pesticide exposure more hazardous in which of the following situations? A. when it restricts your ability to move freely during handling activities B. when you get pesticides on your skin or clothing before putting on your PPE C. when your goggles fog up or get coated with spray during an application

B

Pesticide handler employees must always wear chemical-resistant gloves EXCEPT when A. mixing or loading pesticides B. the pesticide labeling specifies that gloves must not be worn C. repairing contaminated application equipment D. using a backpack sprayer to spray weeds with an herbicide

B

Pesticides can cause indirect harm to nontarget organisms by A. leaving unsightly residues on surface B. altering their food sources or habitats C. increasing secondary pest infestations

B

Procedures for thoroughly cleaning application equipment after use should start with reading the: a. equipment's instruction manual. b. label of the last pesticide applied. c. agricultural commissioner's equipment cleaning booklet.

B

Put the following steps for calculating a parts per million dilution of a liquid pesticide in the correct order: A. check the label to find out the dilution rate, then calculate how many pounds of a.i. are required for 1 pound of spray solution B. Determine how many pounds of a.i. are required for a tank of solution using the weight of the liquid in the tank C. Find the total weight of the liquid in the filled tank by multiplying the capacity of the tank, in gallons, by 8.34 pounds per gallon D. Divide the required weight of a.i. by the pounds of a.i. per gallon to determine how many gallons of formulation are required.

B

Santitation is important in order to control A. insects and rodents only B. many pest and disease organisms C. all natural enemy populations

B

The Healthy Schools Act is a A. federal program with requirements to promote integrated pest management to protect non-pest species from pesticides applied on school grounds. B. CA legislative mandate to protect children and staff from pesticide exposure in certain schools and childcare facilities C. state-mandated program that covers only schools and childcare facilities that receive any federal funding D. federal program that covers all schools and childcare facilities that receive any federal funding

B

The Pesticide Safety Information Series leaflets with the "N" designation are written for A. non-certified pesticide handlers B. non -agricultural settings C. non-traditional methods of pesticide application D. non-English speaking pesticide handlers

B

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency may classify a pesticide as a restricted use pesticide if it A. is ineffective unless used at twice the label-recommended rate B. present a significant dermal hazard to applicators C. leaves visible residues on treated surface D. does not break down within 7 days.

B

The specific application information that an operator of the property producing an agricultural commodity must provide to handlers at a central location include all the following EXCEPT the A. identification of the treated area B. name or description of the pest C. product name D. date and time of application

B

Three factors that make for effective pesticide use are: a. Hot weather, adequate rainfall or irrigation, and concentration of the spray mixture b. Timing application to optimal weather conditions, pest susceptibility to the pesticide, and ability to protect natural enemies c. Volume of spray used, method of application, and capacity of the spray tank

B

Understanding the life cycle or stages of pests will help you to A. schedule pesticide applications without monitoring for pests B. choose the most effective pesticide to apply C. create an IPM program that requires no pesticides

B

Use of a bait station designed for specific pests helps to A. reduce populations of beneficial organisms B. prevent children, pets, and other animals from accessing baits C. increase populations of the pest's predators and parasite

B

What can you do to reduce an insecticide's effect on beneficial insects like honey bees? A. use the product when pests are most active, because beneficial insects are less active then B. apply early in the morning or in the evening, because honey bees are less active in the environment. C. make an aerial application, because it is much safer for honey bees and other beneficial insects

B

What can you do to reduce the amount of damage and liability that can result from a misapplication of pesticides? A. call the landowner to report the problem and the step taken to correct it B. take prompt action to correct and report the error once you discover it C. notify the pesticide dealer to see how they recommend you correct the problem

B

What document must be displayed at the worksite or central location when field workers are working in a pesticide-treated field? A. the pest control written recommendation signed by a licensed Agricultural Pest Control Adviser B. a completed Pesticide Safety Information Series leaflet A-9 C. an outline of the pesticide safety training provided to the workers D. a list of the trained workers employed by the farming operation

B

What is most likely to cause your pest control efforts to fail? a. Making pesticide applications when crop plants are in their dormant stage. b. Spraying a pesticide prior to the pest's most vulnerable life stage. c. Delaying pesticide applications until action thresholds are reached.

B

What is the best source of information on whether two pesticides can be successfully mixed in the same tank? A. the manufacturer's website B. the pesticide label C. the pesticide dealer

B

What is the difference between direct and indirect damage caused by vertebrate pests? a. Direct damage can be used to identify a vertebrate pest definitively; indirect damage can never positively identify the vertebrate pest that caused the injury. b. Direct damage consists of a vertebrate's teeth marks and burrows; indirect damage consists of a vertebrate's tracks and fecal droppings c. Direct damage is the injury to crops made by the pest as it feeds; indirect damage consists of burrows, nests, and fecal droppings left behind by the pest.

B

What must you do to protect surface water near the field where you are applying a pesticide? a. Spray less pesticide than the label recommends in areas next to the water. b. Create a buffer zone near the water, and avoid spraying pesticides there. c. Use a water-soluble pesticide that breaks down quickly in the environment.

B

What practice can cause pesticide residues to accumulate in an area? A. applying pesticides over a large application site B. applying the same pesticide for many years to the same site C. applying several different pesticides in a short time to the soil

B

What single piece of equipment can help you accurately adjust to changing conditions as you make an application? A. check valves B. electronic sprayer controllers C. surge chambers

B

When a pesticide product registration is cancelled, the sale and use of this product A. is automatically prohibited under all circumstances B. may continue under conditions imposed by the regulatory agency responsible for the cancellation C. will be allowed for two years from the cancellation date D. is not affected as long as detailed sales records are kept current

B

When a pesticide registrant allows a pesticide product registration to lapse, pest control dealers A. must immediately return all unsold stock B. can sell and deliver the pesticide product to two years C. must retrieve all previously sold stock D. can indefinitely sell and deliver the pesticide product

B

When a pesticide that requires the use of a respirator is applied to a small number of plants in one section of an enclosed space, the application exclusion zone is considered to be A. 25 feet in all directions from the treated plants B. the entire enclosed space plus any adjacent area that is not sealed from the treatment site C. 100 feet in all directions from the treated plants D. the treatment site only

B

When the pesticide labeling requires eye protection, employers must also provide each early-entry worker with A. sunglasses B. at least one pint of eye flush water C. three pairs of goggles D. prescription eye drops

B

Where should you look for first aid procedures to implement in case of a pesticide exposure incident? A. publications from your pesticide dealer B. the pesticide label and SDS C. documents provided by your local poison control center

B

Which application method is used to deposit pesticide directly onto pest plants? a. Soil injection b. Rope-wick c. Precision spraying

B

Which is true about disposable PPE? A. Nonwoven coveralls and hoods can be worn for as many as 7 workdays. B. Use an employer-provided container or bag for discarding disposable PPE C. Dust/mist masks, prefilters, canisters, and filtering and vapor-removing cartridges can be cleaned and reused three or four times before disposing of them

B

Which of the following could increase hazards to pesticide handlers and fieldworkers? A. applying the lowest effective rate of a pesticide A. applying an oil-soluble pesticides C. applying a highly selective pesticide

B

Which of the following endangered species has the greatest overlap with agricultural areas in California? A. Mission blue butterfly B. San Joaquin kit fox C. Sierra Nevada red fox D. California red-legged frog

B

Which of the following is NOT one of the handler employee training requirements? A. environmental concerns such as drift, runoff, and wildlife hazards B. the location of pesticide purchase receipts C. warnings about taking pesticides or pesticide containers home D. how to obtain emergency medical care

B

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using common names for identifying organisms? a. They usually describe one characteristic of the pest but leave others out. b. They provide little information about the relationship of one organism to another. c. Pesticide labels list common names of pests rather than scientific names.

B

Which of the following is a preemergent herbicide's general mode of action having contact action? A. Contact B. Systemic

B

Which of the following is considered a good way to keep the public from encountering hazards during your pesticide application? A. Pass out wallet-sized cards listing emergency contacts, including poison control, to everyone within 1/4 mile of the application site B. Notify people in the area and provide them with information about how to avoid exposure to the pesticide you're applying C. Notify all area emergency response agencies

B

Which of the following is most likely to happen if you fail to understand a pest's biology? A. the pest may attack you while you are performing monitoring activities, so you will not be able to complete the job. B. the pesticide you select will not take full advantage of the pest's vulnerabilities, so your application will not be very successful. C. You may use the wrong application equipment, accidentally killing nontarget organisms in the treatment area

B

Which of the following is true about monitoring? A. You may not always need it to make good pest management decisions B.It helps you predict the location and abundance of key pest populations C. Use it primarily in spring and summer, when pest populations are high

B

Which of the following should you consider when selecting pesticides for a job? A. the advice of your local pest control adviser, a farm advisor, and the county agricultural commissioner B. target pests, conditions at the application site, and the pesticides' hazards and mode(s) of action C. degree-day calculations, UC IPM management guidelines, and the application equipment available.

B

Which of the following situations would increase the likelihood of pesticide resistance? A. the insect you are trying to control reproduces only once per year B. you continually use the same pesticides or pesticides from the same chemical class C. you apply a pesticide that has little or no residual effect

B

Which of these will help you the most when determining the amount of pesticide needed for a given application? A. calculate nozzle output carefully to account for wear B. measure the area that you plan to treat accurately C. ensure the tank holds the correct amount of liquid

B

Which parts of a sprayer controls its application rate, droplet size, and spray pattern A. pumps B. nozzles C. pressure regulators

B

Which respirator types are suitable for use when applying pesticides that have instructions requiring application with an oil-containing material A. NIOSH-approved organic vapor (OV) cartridge respirators with N, R, P, or HE prefilters B. NIOSH-approved organic vapor (OV) cartridge respirators with R, P, or HE prefilters C. NIOSH-approved respirators with N, R, P, or HE filters

B

Which statement about triple rinsing pesticide containers is true? A. you must wear extra PPE for triple rinsing with a closed system B. triple-rinsed containers can be taken to a Class II disposal site. C. Triple rinsing is not necessary if you intend to recycle the container

B

Which statement is true about biological control methods? A. if pesticides are part of a biological control program to control an exotic pest, it is better to apply them at the highest label rate. B. Modifying the environmental to enhance natural enemies is a recommended practice in biological control C. Biological control involves the importation of exotic pests to control natural enemies

B

Which statement is true about proper cleanup procedures for pesticide spills? A. Remove the top 1 inch of soil to decontaminate soil saturated with a pesticide B. use soil, sand, sawdust, or absorbent clay to form a containment dam around liquids. C. use charcoal briquettes to reduce soil contamination and subsequent plant damage

B

Why should you store granule applicators with the rate-setting at its highest and the mechanism open, or "on"? A. Leaving equipment this way makes it easier to use after storage B. storing equipment this way helps ensure that it remains dry and free of pesticides C. It keeps the hopper and other mechanisms from warping or becoming deformed

B

You are spraying for termites in the basement and foundation of a home. In this situation, the pesticide you select should have a long A. dormancy B. persistence C. shelf life

B

You need to mix a 2% spray solution of a wettable powder formulation containing 50% a.i. in a 20 gallon tank. How much of the formulation would you have to add to the tank in this case? A. 5.74 B. 6.67 C. 7.29

B

Which of the following conditions observed at a site can quickly change and affect the outcome of your pesticide application? A. soil type and contents B. wind speed and direction C. temperature and cloud cover D. presence of lakes or streams

B and C

Which of the following principles are combined to create an IPM program? (select all that apply) A. eliminating all insects present in an area B. identifying pests accurately C. preventing pest problems D. using guidelines to determine the best control techniques E. removing vegetation completely at a location F. monitoring for pests and pest damage G. combining pest management tools

B, C, D, F, G

Select the drawbacks of planting transgenic crops on a pest management plan? A. the ability to apply pesticide as needed B. an increase in pesticide usage C. the emergence of secondary pest problems D. repeated use of the same pesticide in an area E. the planting of reservoir crops in addition to transgenic crop F. a drop in spraying to control disease vectors G. Weeds that develop resistance to the same pesticide as the crop

B, C, D, G

Which of the following are types of drift? A. pesticides washed off of plant surfaces into a lake during irrigation B. volatilization of pesticides on a hot, sunny day C. spray particles trapped in a temperature inversion D. leaching of pesticides into groundwater after a rainstorm E. dust particles blown from an application site on a windy day

B, C, E

Which of the following actions are recommended in the event of a fire involving pesticides? A. Use water jets to put out the pesticide fire B. construct dikes to contain contaminated runoff water C. notify the fire department and inform the firefighters of the nature of the pesticides involved D. contain small fires with fog, foam, or dry powder

B, C, and D

Bifluid nozzles

Break liquids up into extremely fine droplets, such as a mist or fog. They use a high-velocity airstream.

Mustard family

Broad-leaved annual or biennial weeds that grow from 1-5 feet tall. Many have yellow flowers.

Goosefoot family

Broadleaved annuals, biennials, and perennials . Mature leaves have notches with tinged purple edges with elongated cotyledon leaves that are 4-6x longer than their width.

A common use of a pheromone monitoring trap is to: A. reduce the populations of specific insect pests B. collect large numbers of different insect species C. time insecticide sprays for optimal control

C

A disease-resistant cultivar may still become infected when: a. conditions favor infection, and disease vectors are numerous in the area. b. it rains frequently, and soil contains a high level of organic matter. c. plants become physically stressed by overwatering or nutrient deficits.

C

A person who holds a Pest Control Dealer Designated Agent License is responsible for A. actively supervising applications for the PCB B. ordering fertilizers from the manufacturer or supplier C. actively supervising all operations conducted at the PCD's location D. making pesticide use recommendations for customers of the buisness

C

A pesticide's mode of action is A. how the chemical breaks down once it is released into the environment B. a descriptor that defines how abrasive the pesticide will be after mixing C. the method by which it kills or adversely affects the target pest

C

A special local need registration (SLN) allows A. grower to apply the pesticide to any crop as long as the SLN is valid in the grower's state B. supplemental uses of the pesticide uniformly throughout the US C. Uses of pesticides for crops or sites not listed on the section 3 labeling in the state it was issued. D. any feasible use of the pesticide in the specified local area

C

A stomach poison applied to the upper surface of leaves will fail to control insects if: a. they feed on all areas of the leaf. b. they feed on the edges of the leaf. c. they feed on underside of the leaf.

C

An Agricultural Pest Control Adviser License is required if you A. sell pesticides at a Pest Control Dealer location B. apply pesticides for hire on any agricultural property C. solicit pest control services or pesticide sales for agricultural uses D. work for the UC integrated pest management program

C

An application of a restricted material permit for non-agricultural use must include the A. name and address of the nearest CAC B. name and address of the individual who will be making the application C. criteria for determining the need for the pesticide application D. known health effects of the pesticides to be applied

C

Any emergency or accidental release of pesticides involving a pest control business must be reported to the A. DFA B. DPR C. CAC D. County General Services

C

Before fieldworker employees are allowed to enter pesticide-treated fields, what information must the operator of the property inform them about that is mandated by California's pesticide laws? A. the location of drinking water B. the work hours, including break and lunch periods C. the availability and location of the pesticide use records and Safety Data Sheets D. how to protect themselves from sun exposure

C

By measuring the output of each nozzle on the spray boom, you discover that the sprayer output is 256 ounces in 30 seconds. What is the output of the sprayer in gallons per minute? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4

C

California's pesticide regulations require that all respirators be fit tested to the actual wearer before use because A. people often won't wear ill-filling devices, even when they are required B. they are impossible to clean when they are not custom fitted C. respirators must fit properly to be effective and safe

C

Dormant spray applications of insecticides are prohibited if a storm is forecast within how many hours after application? A. 12 hours B.24 hours C. 48 hours D. 72 hours

C

Employers that have employees who handle organophosphate pesticides in an agricultural plant production operation must have a signed written agreement from a doctor for medical supervision if A. any of the employees are under 21 years of age B. any pesticides used in the operation contain the signal words "DANGER" or "WARNING" C. the employees regularly handle organophosphate pesticides with the signal words "DANGER" or "WARNING" D. employees regularly handle any pesticide

C

Engineering controls for handling pesticides include A. water retention basins B. wheel-love sprinklers C. closed mixing systems D global positioning units

C

For sprayer calibration, which four factors need to be measured? A. swath width, size of treatment area, travel speed, and sprayer pressure B. nozzle height, size of treatment area, travel speed, and swath width C. tank capacity, travel speed, swath width, and flow rate

C

For which types of equipment will you need to lubricate chains, auger bearings, and other moving parts after use to ensure they remain in good working condition? A. air blast and backpack sprayers B. foggers and aerosol sprayers C. dust and granule applicators

C

Groundwater contamination resulting from legal, registered uses of pesticides A. does not occur B. accounts for only a minor amount of the pesticide groundwater contamination problem C. can cause unacceptable risks to human health and the environment D. occurs but causes no risks to humans or the environment

C

How do we determine a pesticide's toxicity category? A. Scientists measure the time it takes a pesticide to kill pests after application to determine how toxic it is B. Scientists record he number of times a pesticide is misused by handlers to determine how toxic it is C. Scientists expose animals to doses of pesticide and observe how much causes injury to determine how toxic it is

C

If you are using a wettable powder and you think you might have to shut the sprayer's pump down during an application, you should NOT use a a. closed mixing system b. thermoplasic tank c. hydraulic agitator

C

In addition to calling 9-1-1 to alert local law enforcement, who else should you notify if pesticides have been stolen? A. the DPR B. your local pesticide dealer C. you local FBI field office

C

In order for disease to occur, a susceptible host must live in the right environment and come into contact with: a. insect vectors. b. alternate hosts. c. pathogens.

C

Invertebrate pests can include which of the following organisms? A. crayfish, shrimp, and eels B. Slugs, snails, and salamanders C. Spiders, insects, and nematodes

C

Nematodes have been discovered in a field where crop plants are actively growing. Which of the following nematicide applications will be most effective at this site? a. Soil injection of fumigants b. Soil incorporation of microbial pesticides c. Chemigation of nematicides

C

Pesticide handlers must be trained in which three subject areas? A. integrated pest management, pest identification, and application equipment maintenance. B. close mixing systems, PPE requirements, and reading the pesticide label C. using pesticides safely, emergencies and health, and legal information and worker protections

C

Pesticides being carried in the back of a vehicle such as a truck must be properly secured in order to A. prevent theft B. allow other items to be transported with them C. prevent spills into or off of the vehicle D. comply with Food Quality Protection Act regulations

C

Protection of endangered or threatened plants or animals is prioritized by the United States Environmental Protection Agency according to A. location in relation to agricultural sites B. type of organism C. vulnerability of each endangered or threatened organism D. distribution of each endangered or threatened organism throughout the U.S.

C

The Dormant Insecticide Contamination Prevention regulations are designed to A. accurately record and track pesticide use by location during the rainy season B. prohibit use of pesticide products that are identified as generators of volatile organic compounds C. control runoff and drift of dormant season pesticides applied to tree and vine crops D. provide local County Agricultural Commissioners with pre-application notification of all pesticides applied just prior to and after rainfall

C

The goal of the use requirements in the groundwater protection regulations is to A. minimize the impact of rainfall on pesticides applied to orchards B. encourage the use of mechanical weed control in groundwater protection areas C. reduce runoff and leaching of certain pesticides into groundwater D. discourage the use of restricted materials on soils that contain water wells

C

The signs attached to a pesticide storage area must be readable from A. 10 ft B. 15 ft C. 25 ft D. 50 ft

C

The threshold that defines the time during crop development when losses from weed interference are most likely to occur is called the: a. damage threshold. b. economic threshold. c. period threshold.

C

The use of barriers such as screens, fences, and cloth mesh is known as A. eradication B. elimination C. exclusion

C

To reduce the possibility of building up a pest's resistance to a pesticide, you can: a. Use only pesticides that have very long persistence b. Use a pesticide that is selective to the pest c. Make frequent spot treatments with the same pesticide

C

Under what soil conditions are pesticides more likely to leach through soil? A. a heavy clay soils, low in OM, where ground water is shallow B. a heavy clay soil, high in OM, where groundwater is deep C. a sandy soil, low in ON, where groundwater is shallow

C

Weed seeds have been found in the soil of a recently plowed field. Which type of pesticide would you use in this situation? a. Preemergent silvicide b. Postemergent herbicide c. Preemergent herbicide

C

What is considered the backbone of any emergency response plan? A. an area map that shows your facility in relation to the surrounding area B. a product inventory of the types and quantities of chemicals stored at your facility C. an outline of the exact sequence of actions to take in a crisis

C

What is the best way to avoid exceeding the legal pesticide tolerance on a commodity to which you are making a pesticide application? A. make the application as close as possible to harvest B. use adjuvants that retard the breakdown of the pesticide C. carefully follow labeling instructions and any laws or regulations that may govern the use of the specific pesticide D. make applications at night or early mornings

C

What should you do if you find yourself cleaning application equipment in the exact same location every day? A. Collect wash water and dump it in a different location after each cleaning B. Recycle wash water for use wetting roads to keep dust problems at a minimum. C. Contain wash water and use it in your next tank mix of the same pesticide

C

What three variables must be measured to properly calibrate dry application equipment? A. output rate, hopper size, and formulation type B. swath width, output rate, and travel speed C. formulation type, travel speed, and output rate

C

When a pest has several distinct mechanisms to withstand pesticide chemicals, allowing them to tolerate several classes of pesticides that are not related to each other chemically, they have developed: a. cross-resistance. b. chemical resistance. c. multiple resistance.

C

When employees are required to enter pesticide treated fields, emergency medical care must be A. obtained by the employees if needed B. provided if needed after the employer consults with a medical advisor C. planned and arranged for in advance by the employer D. arranged for by the local County Agricultural Commissioner

C

When must you use a closed mixing system? A. mixing, loading, diluting, or transferring liquid formulations of DANGER pesticides intended for application in any situation B. mixing, loading, diluting, or transferring liquid formulations of pesticides with any signal word intended for application to an agricultural commodity. C. mixing, loading, diluting, or transferring liquid formulations of of DANGER pesticides intended for application to an agricultural commodity

C

When pesticide treatments are carefully chosen, timed, and integrated with plant biology, wind conditions, and certain agronomic practices, pest control efforts A. will always be successful when guidelines are strictly followed b. will often be expensive and time consuming over the long terms C. can control pests while preserving natural enemy populations

C

When transporting pesticides in a vehicle, you should A. secure the packages inside the passenger compartment B. carry them in the cargo area of a truck, but have someone ride in that area to make sure containers remain undamaged in transit C. secure containers in the vehicle's cargo area after checking it carefully for anything that might damage containers in transits

C

When using a wettable powder, flowable, or dry flowable formulation, you should avoid using nozzles made out of A. ceramic B. stainless steel C. brass

C

Where must an employer store pesticide SDSs? A. with the pesticide product in the storage area B. in the sprayer used for applying that pesticide C. in a clearly label accessible area

C

Which containers that have held pesticides are exempt from the container storage, triple-rinsing, or disposal requirements in the regulation? A. containers that hold less than 5 gallons of liquid B. those that hold one gallon or less of liquid C. containers that hold home use pesticides in the possession of the homeowners on their own property D. no containers are exempt from these requirements

C

Which of the following chemigation systems should you use if you want to reduce drift and increase accuracy of pesticide application? a. Center pivot systems b. Furrow irrigation systems c. Micro-irrigation systems

C

Which of the following conditions can contribute to the buildup of pesticide residues? A. misinterpreting the weather forecast and making your application just before a heavy rain B. agitating a pesticide mixture too much before and during your application C. failing to account for organic matter content of soil before determining the correct application rate

C

Which of the following defined calibration? A. the research you do before an application to be sure you avoid hazards and sensitive areas at the treatment site B. the review you do of instructions on the label to be sure you apply the pesticide safely at the application site C. the adjustments you make to be sure you apply the correct amount of pesticide to the treatment area

C

Which of the following defines the difference between chronic and acute pesticide exposure? A. chronic exposure is a result of short-term contact with any amount of pesticide; acute exposure is a result of long-term contact with a small amount of pesticide B. Chronic exposure results from a single low-dose incident; acute exposure results from a single high-dose incident. C. Chronic exposure is repeated exposures to small amounts of pesticide; acute exposure is a short-term exposure to a large dose of pesticide

C

Which of the following information is NOT required to be on the label of a service container? A. identity of the pesticide in the container B. signal word from the label of the original container C. name of the maufacturer of the pesticide in the service container D. name and address of the person or firm responsible for the container

C

Which of the following is NOT one of the purposes of California's pesticide and pest control laws and regulations? A. Protecting workers from pesticide exposure B. Providing proper, safe, and effective use of pesticides C. encouraging people to use more pesticides D. Protecting public health

C

Which of the following is a benefit of using more than one pesticide in the spray tank? a. You can treat a larger area using a single tank mix. b. You can decrease environmental contamination by making a single application. c. You can save time by treating two or more pests during a single application.

C

Which of the following is considered to be pesticide labeling? A. spray nozzle catalog B. a printed pesticide advertisement C. the federal WPS D. a written recommendation

C

Which of the following is most likely to happen if you identify pests incorrectly? A. Pests may escape before they can be killed by pesticide applications B. You may confuse beneficial insects with pest insects in the field. C. Your pest control efforts will often fail regardless of site conditions

C

Which of the following is one of the restrictions for employees entering a pesticide-treated area before the Restricted Entry Interval expires to conduct limited-contact activities? A. at least 12 hours have elapsed since the application was completed B. the labeling requires posting and oral notification of employees C. each employee spends no more than eight hours in any 24-hour period in the treated field D. employees are wearing long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and shoes and socks

C

Which of the following is the BEST place to clean your application equipment after use? A. on a paved surface near the application iste B. at a do-it-yourself car wash C. at the application site

C

Which of the following pest control activities requires a DPR PCB license? A. preservative treatment of fabrics or structural materials B. household or industrial sanitation services C. control of tree pests D. Structural pest control

C

Which of the following problems can be eliminated if your sprayer is equipped with a GPS unit? A. delivering pesticides too far from the target to reach pests effectively B. spraying droplets that are too small for field conditions, resulting in drift C. estimating previous location of equipment incorrectly, causing coverage gaps

C

Which of the following pumps is best to use with abrasive pesticide formulations? A. piston pump B. gear pump C. diaphragm pump

C

Which statement is true about treatment thresholds? A. Treatment thresholds are usually easy to establish by searching the internet B. in an urban landscape, treatment thresholds are usually more related to economics than aesthetics C. Treatment thresholds very considerably depending on pest, host, and environmental conditions.

C

Which type of pesticide application is covered under the provisions of a Maintenance Gardener PCB license? A. Spraying an herbicide in a cemetery B. Regulary applying snail bait around a homeower's property C. applications incidental to maintaining ornamental plants in a shopping mall D. spraying a restricted herbicide at a golf course

C

Which type of pesticide should you avoid if pollinators are active in the area? a. Granular herbicides b. Contact acaricides c. Systemic insecticides

C

Why are adjuvants used? A. They make mixing and loading safer, even when using DANGER pesticides B. They prevent the contamination of groundwater in a GWPA C. They customize formulations to specific needs and compensate for local conditions

C

Why are mixing and loading considered among the most risky activities for pesticide handlers? A. PPE is rarely sufficiently protective during prolonged close contact with concentrated pesticides. B. Label directions for measuring and mixing concentrated pesticides are often hard to follow precisely. C. Spills and splashes are common when working with concentrated pesticides

C

Why do integrated pest management programs work better than programs relying on just one management method? a. The additional complexity of the system confuses pests, making them easier to control or eliminate. b. Using a number of pest control methods at once takes far less effort than employing them individually c. A diversity of approaches to managing pests increases the long-term effectiveness of each individual control measure.

C

Why is it important to review the response to a pesticide accident after it has occurred? A. looking back at an incident gives everyone a change to process what happened and move on in a positive way B. reviewing past incidents reduces liability and insurance rates, since employees will be better prepared to respond to emergencies C. thorough review of the response to an accident can help everyone respond more effectively to future incidents

C

Why is it important to track the life stage of pests you are trying to control? A. you might look foolish at work if you can't identify a pest by its life stages. B. certain pests at certain life stages are best to avoid, even when trying to control C. sucessful pest control efforts must coincide with a pest's most vulnerable life stage

C

Worn nozzles cause which of the following problems? A. pump speed increased unexpectedly B. spray mixtures become contaminated C. spray patterns are obviously uneven

C

Your calibrated sprayer with a 300 gallon tank will cover 4.2 acres. You plan to apply an herbicide at a label rate of 1.5 pounds per acre. How much of this herbicide will you put into the spray tank? A. 4.2 B. 4.5 C. 6.3 pounds

C

Which of the following actions will help to decrease pesticide resistance (select all that apply)? a. Use less than the label-recommended amount of pesticide in the tank. b. Use pesticides from the same chemical class repeatedly at a site. c. Apply pesticides with varying modes of action over time. d. Apply the same pesticide to pests that reproduce multiple times in a season. e. Implement an IPM program that uses a variety of pest control methods. f. Limit the number of pesticide applications in a season.

C, E, F

Cole crops

Cabbage aphid Cabbage looper Imported cabbageworm Alernaria leafspot Diamondback moth Cabbage maggot

Power duster

Can cause environmental problems because of drift hazards

Bacterial infection symptoms

Cankers, galls ,wilts, slow grwoth, distorted fruits, rots , discoloration of plant parts ,slow ripening, distorted leaves, brooming, and leaf spots, and occasionally slimy ooze

Leaching advice

Check groundwater protection area maps and limit applications in these areas whenever possible

Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs)

Chemicals that control insects by altering their normal development. Can prevent insects from changing into adults while others force insects to change into adults before they are physically able to reproduce.

Hydraulic agitators

Circulate spray material through jets located in the bottom of the spray tank. Disadvantage is that they are not able to break up settled spray material when you shut the pump down for a while.

Tree and vine crops

Citrus leafminer Scales (red and yellow) Citrus thrips Phyphthora Mealybugs (Itrus, Citrophilus, longtailed, comstock) Cottony cushion scale

Walnut

Codling moth Walnut hust fly Walnut blight Crown gall Phytophthora root and crown rot Aphid (walnut, dusky-veined)

Alternaria leafspot

Cole crops

Microbials

Combination of microorganisms with other ingredients. Ex) Bacullus thuringiensis control larvae of moths, mosquitos, and black flies. Agrobacterium radiobacter controls the bacterium that produces crown gall in trees, shrubs, and vines. Fungi (beauveria bassiana) kills mites. Phytophthora palmivora

Suction strainer

Connects to the end of the intake hose near the bottom of the spray tank to the pump. Used in low-capacity systems, usually with roller pumps.10-20 mesh.

Pest of corn

Corn earworm Corm leaf aphid Green peach aphid Greenbug Weeds - barnyardgrass, cereals, nutsedge, johnsongrass, broadleaves Spider mite (twospotted, banks, strawberry, pacific) Armyworm (beat, western yellow striped) Wireworms

Pests of alfalfa

Cowpea aphid: Aphis craccivora Egyptian Alfalfa Weevil: Hypera brunneipennis Alfalfa weevil: hypera postica Alfalfa caterpillar: Colias eurytheme Blue alfalfa aphid: Acrythosiphon kondoi Pea aphid: Acrythosiphon pisum Beet armyworm: Spodoptera exigua Leafhopper (garden, potato, mexican)

A PCB must be registered with the A. County Board of Supervisors in each county where the business operates B. Department of Industrial Relations C. Department of Pesicide Regulation D. CAC in each county where the business operates

D

A pesticide residue tolerance is the A. minimum amount of pesticide that is allowable on a particular commodity at the time of application B. maximum amount of pesticide that is allowable on a particular commodity at the time of application C. minimum amount of pesticide that is allowable on a particular commodity at the time of harvest D. maximum amount of pesticide that is allowable on a particular commodity in the channels of trade

D

All employees who handle minimal exposure pesticides must have available to them A. a full face cartridge respirator B. a designated location in the pesticide storage area to keep their personal clothing C. specially designed application equipment that includes a pesticide-approved enclosed cab D. an area where they can change clothes and wash themselves at the end of their workday

D

Any person in CA who applies or supervises the application of a restricted material must? A. attend a class on protecting pollinators B. notify the local UC Cooperative Extension advisor before making or surpervising an application C. obtain a medical release from a physician D. be a certified commercial or private applicator

D

As used in the dormant spray contamination prevention regulation, a "hydrologically isolated site" is A. defined differently in each county depending on local treatment area and surface water conditions B. an area of surface water protected from pesticide run-off from treatment areas by at least 150 feet of impermeable soil C. considered to mean any pesticide treatment site that is completely surrounded by surface water D. any treatment area that does not produce pesticide run-off that can enter any surface water, such as in an irrigation canal or drainage ditch

D

Certain pesticides may be exempt from permit requirements in California if DPR Director determines that the pesticide A. application may be supervised by a non-certified handler B. will cause no hazards in CA C. is too hazardous to use in CA D. requires no further restrictions beyond those imposed by federal regulations and the label

D

Each piece of mixing and application equipment owned by a pest control business must be A. painted a conspicuous color B. given a special identification number C. regularly approved by the CAC D. marked with the name of the business, or other similar wording, and the license number

D

Employers must maintain employee-handler use records that identify the employee, the name of the pesticide, and the date of handling for which of the following scenarios? A. the pesticide carries the signal word "DANGER" or "WARNING" and is used for landscape pest control B. the pesticide contains an organophosphate or carbamate and is used for right-of-way pest control C. the pesticide contains a carbamate compound and carries the signal word "CAUTION" and is used for the commercial production of an agricultural plant commodity D. the pesticide contains an organophosphate compound with the signal word "DANGER" or "WARNING" and is used for research production of an agricultural plant commodity

D

Handlers who properly mix pesticides packaged in water-soluble packets are considered to be using A. personal protective equipment B. an enclosed cab C. a passive rinsing system D. a closed mixing system

D

If produce is found to carry pesticide residues in excess of the legal tolerance it will be A. banned from sale in certain states B. allowed to be sold only in certified farmers' markets C. allowed to be sold only outside of the United States D. seized and removed from sale and distribution

D

In which of the following situations is there an exception to the regulation requiring employee handlers to wear eye protection when handling pesticides? A. using a pesticide with the signal word "CAUTION" B. using a closed mixing system C. conducting a hand-held application D. working in an enclosed cab

D

It is illegal to store pesticides in A. service containers B. original pesticide containers C. spray equipment that is properly identified with labeling D. containers that are commonly used for food, drink, or household products

D

Plant-back restrictions are found in what section of pesticide labeling A. precautionary statement B. Statement of practical treatment C. Content D. Directions for use

D

Proper rinsing of an empty container involves A. filling the pesticide container three times and pouring the contents onto the crop at the application sitie B. draining the empty pesticide containers into the application equipment for 30 seconds C. washing the application equipment tank with soap and water three times after an application D. Partially filling an empty pesticide container with water, shaking, and draining the contents into the spray tank, then repeating this process at least two more times.

D

The precautionary statements section of pesticide labeling contains information about the A.application rate B. crops on which the product can be applied C. relative toxicity of the product D. hazards to people and domestic animals

D

Under the Endangered Species Act, who is responsible for ensuring that registered pesticides will not harm endangered species or their habitats? A. California Department of Pesticide Regulation B. U.S. Department of Agriculture C. California Environmental Protection Agency D. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

D

When a pest control business must meet requirements in the Healthy Schools Act, the pest control business shall A. submit a specific form to report weekly pest control activity conducted at all schools or day care facilities B. complete and post an annual pest control notice at all entrances of K-12 schools and all childcare facilities C. provide specialized notification and pesticide safety training for all interested persons working at schools and daycare facilities serviced by the PCB D. submit a school and childcare pesticide use report to the DPR at least annually

D

When handling a minimal exposure pesticide, respiratory protection is not required if an employee is A. flagging during the application B. applying with a hand-held spray wand C. mixing and loading dry formulations D. using equipment with vehicle-mounted spray nozzles that are directed downward and located below the level of the employee

D

When there is an inconsistency between the regulation-specified Restricted Entry Interval (REI) and the labeling-specified REI, you must always . A. average the two restricted-entry intervals B. follow the regulation-specified interval C. follow the label-specified interval D. use the longer interval

D

Which of the following information about a pesticide-treated field is not required to be displayed at a central location? A. the time and date of the pesticide application started and ended B. the Restricted Entry Interval C. the product name, the United States Environmental Protection Agency registration number, and the active ingredients D. the name of the person who made the pesticide application

D

Which of the following is considered a labeling booklet? A. sales literature distributed by the pesticide registrant B. a sample of pesticide labeling produced y the pesticide registrant C. literature containing use and maintenance directions for application equipment D. a pamplet containing use directions and restrictions that is attached to the container

D

Which of the following is not required information on a Notice of Intent? A. the date the intended application will begin B. an indication of the approximate acres or units to be treated C. the pest or pests to be controlled D. a signed statement releasing the property owner or operator of the property from liability

D

Which two documents must Pest Control Businesses have available when making an agricultural use application of a pesticides that requires a permit? A. copies of their Pest Control Business License and the applicable UC Pest Management Guideline B. copies of the applicable UC Pest Management Guideline and a copy of the current restricted material permit C. the grower's work order and Pest Control Business license D. copies of the written pest control recommendation or grower's work order and the current restricted material permit

D

Who is responsible for providing for the laundering of coveralls used by pesticide handler employees? A. employees B. commercial launderers C. field supervisors D. employers

D

Manufacturers make nozzles out of which of the following materials? Select all that apply. a. Rubber b. Copper c. Coated steel d. Plastic e. Brass f. Tungsten carbide

D, E, F

Dealer Designated Agent

DDA - Required to actively supervise all Pest Control Dealer operations conducted at that location. No CE required.

Air blast sprayers

Deliver large volumes of air and pesticide mixtures into orchard or vineyard canopies using one or two large fans that propel spray through one or two outlets

Organophosphates

Derivatives of phosphate compounds that interfere with animal and human nervous systems. Ex) Malathion, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos

Organochlorines

Derived from chlorinated hydrocarbons, which are chemical compounds that contain chlorine, carbon, and hydrogen Characteristically stable and fat-soluble; persist in the environment and bioaccumulate in the food chain Associated with suppression of the immune system and cancer Ex) DTT, chlordane, toxaphene, and dieldrin

What mode of action should you use if you need to cause a certain amount of leaf drop?

Desiccant

Inert dusts

Desiccants or sorptive dusts are fine powders with low toxicity. Used to control various insects and other invertebrates through a physical mode of action. Ex) They scratch the pests' waxy body coverings, causing them to lose water or remove the protective waxy coating. These become ineffective once wet however.

Organic vapor respirator restrictions

Dispose end of day.

Neonicotinoids

Disrupts an insect's central nervous system, causing paralysis and death.

Strobilurins

Disrupts respiration and metabolism to suppress pathogen populations. Highly toxic to freshwater fish, freshwater invertebrates, and estuarine and marine fish and high toxic to marine invertebrates. Ex) Pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin, and trifloxystrobin

Aestivation

Dormancy during summer or periods of high temperature or a dry season

Emulsion

Droplets of petroleum-based liquids suspended in water

Soluble powders (S or SP)

Dry, powdered formulations containing from 25-80% active ingredient that dissolve readily in water. Forms a true solution, no agitation required, not abrasive, inhalation is a potential hazard.

Put the following list of ingredients in the correct order for adding to a tank mix of two or more pesticides. A. surfactants B. emulsifiable concentrates C. water-soluble concentrates D. wettable powder E. diluent

E, A, D, C, B

Supplemental labeling

EPA-approved written, printed, or graphic material supplied by the pesticide manufacturer that provides additional product information not present on the current container label. The additional information may include new application sites and rates, safety guidelines, Worker Protection Standard and PPE requirements, and endangered species advisories.

Pesticide efficacy

Effectiveness of a pesticide on its target pest

FIFRA - Section 18

Emergency exemptions from registrations. Authorizes the EPA to allow an unregistered use of a pesticide for a limited time if the EPA determines that emergency conditions exist.

Broadcast nozzles

Enable a wide swath to be sprayed without using a series of nozzles on a boom. Widths can be from 30-60 ft. Useful if boom is unavailable.

Pesticide Broker License

Engage sales/distribution to sell DPR registered pesticides in CA Sell/distribute to sell these pesticides to another licensed pesticide broker/licensed pest control dealer. Not authorize sale to end users. Must maintain records for 4 years.

Extenders

Enhance the effectiveness or effective life of a pesticide by screening out ultraviolet light or slow volatilization, reduce loss during rainfall. May make sprayed areas toxic for longer because they slow pesticide breakdown.

Fungal infections symptoms

Enlarged roots (clubroot), enlarged growths filled with mycelia (galls), warts on tubers and stems; profuse upward branching of twigs, distorted, curled leaves.

California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA)

Ensure the state's food safety, protects the state's agriculture from invasive species, and promotes the California agricultural industry

What mode of action should you use for a fungus that has invaded and has begun to damage plant tissues?

Eradicant

Aphids

Excrete a sticky substance called honeydew that supports the growth of black sooty mold fungi.

Temperature inversion

Exists when the air at ground level is cooler than the temperature of the air above it. There is no vertical air movement and will move sideways which results in a high concentration of small spray droplets suspended in the layer of cool air near the ground.

Pest Control Dealer

FAC section 11407 & 11407.5 Any person, including any manufacturer, distributor, or retailer, who engages in any of the following business activities: • Selling pesticides to users for an agricultural use; • Selling to users any method or device for the control of agricultural pests, such as biological agents, lures, or insect-trapping devices • Soliciting sales of pesticides by making agricultural use recommendations through feld representatives, or other agents • Selling to a user a pesticide classifed as a restricted material that requires either a permit for possession and use or that may be used only by or under the direct supervision of a certifed applicator.

Recommendation

FAC section 11411 The giving of any instruction or advice on any agricultural use as to any particular pesticide application on any particular piece of property. It does not include any summary that does not specify the use to be made for any designated pest, provided that such summary is not in conflict with any registered pesticide labeling or with the supplementary printed direction delivered therewith or with any rule or regulation of the director.

Pest Control Business

FAC section 11701 Any person who advertises, solicits, or operates as a Pest Control Business. Pest Control Businesses must be licensed by DPR.

Maintenance Gardener Pest Control Business

FAC section 11704 Any person who performs pest control for hire incidental to his or her business of maintenance gardening. The incidental pest control is limited to ornamental and turf plantings indoors, in commercial parks, or surrounding structures.

Nuisance

FAC section 12642 Any lot of produce that is found to carry pesticide residue in excess of any maximum, or in excess of a permissible tolerance, together with its containers, is a public nuisance.

Spray adjuvant

FAC section 12758 Any substance, with or without toxic properties of its own, that is intended to be added to a pesticide during mixing as an aid to the application or to effect the action of the pesticide. These substances include any: • Wetting agent • Spreading agent • Deposit builder • Adhesive • Emulsifying agent • Defocculating agent • Water modifer • Any other similar agent

Service container

FAC section 17257.5 Any container other than the original labeled pesticide container that is used to hold, store, or transport pesticides.

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act

Federal law that outlines the various types of pesticide product registrations and exemptions from registrations

Dusts (D)

Finely ground pesticide combined with an inert dry carrier. Contain 1-10% a.i, some like sulfur dust, are 100% a.i. Appropriate in situations where moisture from liquid prays would manage crops, foliage, or sprayed surfaces. Leaves visible residues but provide long-term protection of treated surfaces usually indoors .

Cone nozzles

For applying insecticides and fungicides to dense foliage. Higher droplet size.

High-pressure hydraulic sprayer

Forces high volumes of dilute pesticide either through hand spray guns or nozzles mounted on booms.

Springtails

Found in soil, leaf litter, and under dark or decaying wood, nuisance to greenhouses because they'll chew on seedling.

Taphrina

Genus within ascomycota causes leaf curl dieases of certain flowering plants Infects Peach, nectarines, and almonds Peach leaf curls

Procedure for swallowed pesticides

Give the person large amounts (1 quart or an adult or a large glass for a child under seven) of water or milk

Alfalfa leaves show chewing damage

Grasshoppers

Sedge family

Grasslike perennial plants that have fibrous root systems

What mode of action should you use if you need to keep weed seedlings from sprouting?

Growth inhibitor

Anionic surfactants

Help repvent pesticides from washing off sprayed plants due to rain, dew, or irrigation. Prevent pesticides from being readily absorbed through plant cuticles because plant surfaces have a negative charge. Used to keep an application on the outside of leaves.

Ultra-low-volume concentrates (ULC)

High concentration 80-100% a.i.. Require little or no dilution. Require specialized application equipment for applying small quantities over large area and calibration must be extremely accurate. Diluted with vegetable oil.

Minimum exposure pesticide

High-hazard pesticides identified in California law that have special requirements for handling; only certified commercial applicators may apply or supervise the application of minimal exposure pesticides

Nonionic surfactants

INcrease pesticide penetration through plant cuticles. Ex) Glyphosate and oxyfluorfen are used with systemic herbicides to improve target plant uptake.

Activators

INcrease the activity of a pesticide by reducing surface tension and allow greater pesticide contact and penetration.

Timed harvest limits pest damage

In potatoes, early harvest reduces the incidence of nematode damage to tubers by shortening the time nematodes have available to reproduce In avocados, early harvest helps control greenhouse thrips on tough-skinned varieties by minimizing crop-to-crop overlap.

Labeling

Incldues the label and all other written, printed, or graphic matter accompanying the pesticide product container or device at any time. Can include the SDS or a commodity treatment schedule, WPS provisions of 40 CPR part 170.

Thickeners

Increase the viscosity of spray mixtures. Slows evaporation, extending pesticide activity and reducing drift.

Restricted-entry statement

Information about how much time must elapse before people can walk through or work in a treated area without wearing personal protective equipment

First aid

Information about how to decontaminate someone who has been exposed to the pesticide

Chemical injection pumps

Inject undiluted liquid pesticides directly into the nozzles where they mix with water being simultaneously pumped from a water tank.

Venturi injection system

Inlet pressure must be at least 15-20% greater than the outlet pressure. Delivers a more constant chemical injection rate. However, if the pressure changes it will change the injection rate.

Anticoagulants

Interfere with the blood-clotting mechanisms of mammals causing them to die to blood loss after an injury. Used to control rates and mice.

Solenoid valve

Is most commonly used, and controls fluid or vapor flow, it is either a normally open valve (NO) which is normally open until energized, or a normally closed valve (NC) which is closed until energized, they are used in TXVs

Spray drift advice

Keep nozzles close to the target site while spraying

Farm Labor Contractor

Labor Code section 1682 Employs workers to render personal services in connection with the production of any farm products to, for, or under the direction of a third person;

Grass family

Large family of annual or perennial plants, reproduce by rhizomes. Identified by the collar regions. Wild oat (winter annuals) is very problematic in California.

Galls

Large, swollen, rapidly dividing cells and disorganized vascular tissues. May interfere with the movement of food and water in the plant.

Petroleum oils

Lethal to certain invertebrates like aphids, scales, mealybugs, mites and their eggs through suffocation. Effective against powdery mildew and in preventing virus transmissions. Refined oils are classified based on timing of application or by other properties such as unsulfonated residue, distillation temperature and range, hydrocarbon composition.

Invert emulsions

Liquid formulations of small water droplets suspended in oil. Have the consistency of mayonnaise and require continuous agitation. Reduces drift because of the oil used, reduces runoff and improves rain resistance. Serves as a sticker-spreader by improving surface coverage and absorption, though difficult to get thorough coverage on the undersides of foliage.

Microencapsulated materials

Liquid or dry pesticide particles in a plastic coating. Mixed with water and sprayed similar to other sprayable formulations. Plastic coating breaks down and releases the a.i. Safer to apply toxic materials, prolonged effectiveness, volatize more slowly, reduced phytotoxicity. Hazardous to bees though.

Title 3 of the California Code of Regulations (3 CCR

Lists pesticides that are deemed as "california restricted materials". In section 6400.

Potato family

Low-growing, bushy, broadleaved plants reach heights of about 3 feet. Cots are longer than they are wide (8-10x), some produce thorny seedpods, other rounded berries with many seeds. Poisonous due to high levels of alkaloids.

Classical biological control

Managing pests that are not native to a geographical area. Must find the origin of the pest and find a natural enemy to release to control the pop.

Water-soluble bags or packets (WSB or WSP)

Manufacturers package preweighed amounts of wettable powder or soluble powder formulations in a special type of plastic bag. Good for dissolving highly toxic pesticides since you drop the bag in water which then dissolves.

Adjuvants

Materials you can add to spray tanks to improve pesticide mixing and application or enhance performance.

No observable effect level

Maximum dose or exposure level of a pesticide that produces no noticeable toxic effect on test animals. Guide for establishing maximum exposure levels for people and residue tolerance levels on pesticide-treated produce. EPA set exposure levels and resideu tolerances at 100-1000x less than NOEL.

Fumigants

May be solid, liquid, or gas. Solid or liquid evaporate post application and gas are available in stell cylinders.

Visual inspection

May require a hand lens or other magnifier to check the outer surface of plants for surface-feeding invertebrates and the damage they cause

Organcially allowed pesticides

Microorganisms, microbiological products, and materials derived or extracted from plant, animal, or mineral-bearing rock substances. I.e. bordeaux mixes, trace elements (bo, cu, fe), soiluble aquatic plant products , botanical lime sulfur, naturally mined gypsum, dormant oils, summer oils, fish emulsion, and insecticidal soaps.

Surge chambers

Minimizes pressure fluctuations caused by piston and diaphragm pumps.

Spreader-stickers

Mixtures of surfactants and latex or other adhesive stickers.

Pests have become resistant to the pesticide normally applied at a site

Mode of action and chemical family

Compressed air dusters

Move dusts through a nozzle or hose when a trigger is compressed. Mixed with anti-caking meterials

Procedure for heat stress

Move the affected person to an air-conditioned or cool, shaded area

Vapor drift

Movement of pesticides as gaseous vapors from the target area.

Particle drift

Movement of solid particles from the target area in the air during or just after an application.

Record Keeping Requirements

Must retain record for 3 years.

NIOSH

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Almond

Navel orangeworm Teach twig borer Alternaria leaf spot Anthracnose Shot hole Brown rot blossom blight Weed (roundup resistant varieties?)

Roots of carrots split or become stubby

Nematodes

N type respirator restrictions

No oil in mix: dispose end of day

Category IV

No signal word or optional signal word CAUTION

R type respirator restrictions

Oil in mix: dispose after 8 hours per day

P type respirator restrictions

Oil in mix: dispose end of day

Broadleaves

One of the major plant groups, known as dicots, with net-veined leaves usually broader than grasses and whose seedling have two seed leaves (cots)

Contact application

Only insects that are sprayed directly or have traveled across treated surfaces are affected by contact insecticides

DANGER - Lethal levels

Oral - 50 mg/kg Dermal - 200 mg/kg Airborne - 0.05 ug/L

CAUTION (optional) Lethal levels

Oral - >5,000 Dermal - >5,000 mg/kg Airborne - >2 ug/L

WARNING - Lethal levels

Oral - >50-500 mg/kg Dermal - 200-2,000 mg/kg Airborne - >0.05-0.5 ug/L

CAUTION - Lethal levels

Oral - >500-5,000 mg/kg Dermal - >2,000-5,000 mg/kg Airborne - >0.5-2 ug/L

Organophosphates

Organophosphorus esters, which inhibit cholinesterase.

Pesticide Control Adviser

PCA - Make only written recommendations in categories in which they have been found to be qualified through the examination process. Must register in person with the CAC in their home county. Recommendation must be provided to the Pest Control Dealer and the applicator prior to the application. CE - 40 hours.

Obligate parasites

Parasites that require living host plants to grow and reproduce

Field bindweed

Part of the morningglory family

Pesticide is persistent and adsorbs tightly to soil particles which leads to...

Particle drift

Factors influencing pesticide toxicity

Passage of time, characteristics of the water used for mixing, features of the application site, formulation and dosing, and chemical reactions that occur during mixing.

Asetivation

Period of inactivity

Naturally occuring control

Pest population is already regulated by the environment. Goal is to not mess with it with damaging cultural practices or indiscriminate pesticide use. Select types that are less toxic to natural enemies

PRESCRIBE

Pesticide Regulation Endangered Species Custom Real-time Internet Bulletin Engine

Granules (G)

Pesticide and carrier combined with a binding agent. Range in size from 4-80 mesh, most common are 15-30 mesh. More persistent in the environment becasue the pesticide a.i. releases slowly. Good for aquatic situations since it dissolved in water. Applied to control weeds, nematodes, and soil-dwelling insects. Not good as a foliar application because it will not stick to the leaves.

Applying pesticides to places where pests do not usually breed, live, or feed leads to...

Pesticide cannot reach the target pest

Systemic application

Pesticide is translocated or moved throughout the organism's system. Ex) Herbicide applied to a plant's roots moves throughout the whole plant and kills it.

Baits

Pesticides combined with food, attractants, or feeding stimulants. Eliminate the need for widespread pesticide application.

Dormant oil

Petroleum distillates, petroleum hydrocarbons, unclassifed petroleum oils, and mineral oils that are used for pest control and applied to deciduous plants.

Dormant insecticide

Petroleum distillates, petroleum hydrocarbons, unclassifed petroleum oils, and mineral oils with the addition of other insecticides—or other insecticides used alone— that are used for pest control and applied to deciduous plants.

Emulsifiable concentrates (E or EC)

Petroleum-soluble pesticides formulated with emulsifying agents (soaplike materials) and other enhancers. When added, they form an emulsion (a milky liquid), agitation require to keep solution uniform. Most versatile, can penetrate porous materials such as soil, fabrics, paper, and wood. More risky, may result in phytotoxicity due to petroleum solvents, and abrasive to rubber, plastic hoses, and pumps,

Attractants

Pheromones, sugar, and protein hydrolysate syrups, yeast, and rotting meat used in traps to attract pests.

Avocado

Phytophthora Persea mite Avocado thrips Anthracnose Amillaria root rot Branch canker and dieback (botrytis and fuscarium)

Cover crops

Plants, such as mustards, rye, alfalfa, or clover that can be planted immediately after harvest to hold and protect the soil.

Grapes

Powdery mildew Leafhoppers (western, variegated) Vine mealybug Pierce's disease Mealybugs (grape, obscure, longtailed) Botrytis bunch rot

Phenology models

Predict time of events in an organism's development. Measuring the amount of heat accumulated over time provides a physiological time scale that is more accurate than calendar days.

Procedure for inhaling pesticides

Prevent chilling (from shock) by wrapping the person in a blanket after removing him or her from the accident site and disposing of contaminated clothing

Solid stream nozzles

Produce a single solid stream of pesticide. Use these in hand spray guns for spraying distant object. Suitable for crack and crevice sprays.

Aerosol generators and foggers

Produce small airbourne particles of pesticide. Good for residences, greenhouses, and warehouses.

Mechanical agitators

Propellers or paddles mounted on one or more rotating shafts near the bottom of a spray tank.

What mode of action should you use if a disease inoculum has been detected near valuable plants, and conditions are right for infection?

Protectant

Nozzle strainer

Protects nozzle orifices from smaller particles missed by the suction and pressure strainers. Typically 50-100 mesh.

Low-concentrate solution (S)

Ready to use and require no dilution. Small amount of a.i. dissolved in an organic solvent. Useful for structual and institutional pests. Limited in availability and hihg cost per unit of a.i. Cannot be used as plant sprays cause organic solvent harms foliage.

Augmentation

Rearing and releasing large numbers of certain natural enemies that probably already occur in an area. I.e. release chrysopae to reduce aphid pops.

Turbulence chamber flood

Recommended for soil application of crop protection products, used especially when making drift-sensitive applications

Compatibility agents

Reduce or eliminate separating or clumping. Ex) emulsifier combines with oil to make the oil disperse in a water-solution. Do a jar test to check compatibility.

Positive displacement pump injection system

Relatively small capacity and deliver the most accurate and constant rate of injection.

Abatement

Removal or destruction of weeds and plants that cause fire hazards, harbor harmful pathogens or animals ,or are noxious to people or livestock in and around agricultural areas.

A pest requires treatment and the crop will need to be picked by workers within the next two weeks

Restricted-entry and preharvest intervals

Cankers

Results of widespread tissue destruction caused by certain bacteria. Ex) Fire blight, potato scab.

Runoff advice

Review the weather forecast to make sure it will not rain during the first several hours after your planned pesticide application

Rice pests

Rice black (pathogen) Rice water weevil Tadpole shrimp Armyworm Rice leafminer Aggregate sheath spot of rice Weeds

Healthy Schools Act

Right-to-know law that provides parents and staff with information about pesticide use taking place at public schools and child care centers (except family day care homes). Encourages the adoption of effective, lower risk pest management practices.

Nematode

Round worms. The first animals to have a full digestive tract (2 openings). Benefical orgs: Steinernema carpocapsae, S. glaseri, and geterorhabditis bacteriophore

Pest of wheat

Russian wheat aphid Bird Cherry-oat aphid Weeds - broadleaves, grass, field bindweed, johnsongrass Mite (brown, winter, banks) Stripe rust (pathogen) Barley yellow dwarf (pathogen)

Unloaders

Senses pressure changes that occur when turning on or shutting of the flow of liquid to the nozzles. It returns all the pumped liquid into the spray tank when stopped. When it start, it redirects the liquid at the pressure set by the pressure regulator. Help to protect pumps

Knockdown techniques

Shake plants or beat branches over a drop cloth to collect adults and larvae/nymphs of easily dislodged insects and mites

Factors affecting runoff

Slope Vegetative cover Soil characteristics Volume and rate of water moving downslope Temperature Rainfall amount and intensity

Powered granule applicators

Small gasoline engines power backpacks that apply liquids or dusts over a limited area.

Banks grass mite

Small grains and corn

Impregnates

Solid materials with one or more pesticide active ingredients incorporated into them (ex. livestock ear tags, plastic pest strips and adhesive tapes, and pet collars).

Pesticide characteristics

Solubility Adsorption Persistence Volatility

Antibiosis

Some organisms release toxins or otherwise change conditions so that pest activity or growth is reduced. Mostly molds or bacteria. Occasionally fungisides are used in seed coatings or a diverse range of nematodes or pathogens will help limit numbers of damaging species.

Defoaming agents

Some pesticide mixtures produce copious amounts of foam as a result of the action of hydraulic or mechanical agitaitors. These agents eliminate foam in the spray tank.

FIFRA - Section 24c

Special local need registrations. Grants states pesticide regulatory authority to issue a new use registration for a federally registered pesticide in subsection (c).

Section 18 exemptions

Specific Public Health Quarantine Crisis

Pressure regulators

Spring-loaded valve that controls the pressure of liquid

What mode of action should you use if insect populations are breeding rapidly?

Sterilant

Cationic surfactants

Strongly attracted to plant surfaces, so are highly phytotoxic when not blended with other types of surfactants.

Signs of disease

Structures that the pathogen may produce on the surface of the hose, such as mycelia, sclerotia, sporophores, fruiting bodies, and spore.

Viral symptoms

Stunting, tissue deformities, chlorosis, and vein clearing

Stickers

Substances such as latex or other adhesives that improve pesticide attachment to sprayed surfaces. Protect applications from washing off in rain, high wind, or leaf abrasion. Incorporate ultraviolet inhibitors to slow breakdown in sunlight.

Disc-core

Suitable for high-pressure and high flow rate applications of insecticides and fungicides

Surfactants

Surface-active agents known as wetting agents or spreaders that enhance spray coverage by reducing surface tension of spray droplets. Ex) Cottonseed oil and soy oil for coverage on waxy or hairy surfaces. Measured in dynes/cm - water is at 72 dynes/cm, optimal for sprays is about 30 dynes/cm.

Carbamates

Synthetic organic pesticides derived from carbamic acid that impair nerve function and are highly toxic to mammals, including human beings. Ex) Carbaryl (sevin), methomyl (lannate), metam-sodium, and metam-potassium.

Lower developmental threshold

Temperature below which development stops

Soil properties affecting leaching potential

Texture and structure - permeability and porosity Organic matter - high OG means uptake Depth - Shallow bodies increases chances of leaching Geology - Permeability of the geologic layers lying between the surface of the soil and the groundwater

Nozzles clog repeatedly

The agitator is not working properly

Threshold limit value

The airborne concentration in ppm of a chemical that produces no adverse effects over time.

Collar region

The area on the outer side of the leaf where the blade and the sheath join.

Sprayer pressure too high

The bypass system has become resistricted

Tolerance

The highest residue level of a particular pesticide that is legally allowed on a particular commodity. Tolerances for a pesticide are set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and are based on crop residue trial data and the potential risks the pesticide poses to human health.

Selecting surfactants consider the following

The nature of the target surface The physical and chemical nature of the pesticide Whether the pesticide has contact or systemic action Weather conditions and cultural practices The biology or habits of the pest

Excessive drift

The nozzles are positioned too far from the target

Sprayer pressure too low

The nozzles have become worm

Instar

The period between molts in larvae of insects. Most larvae pass through several instars; these are usually given numbers such as first instar, second instar

Aerosols

The pesticide combines with a chemical propellant (petroleum oil carriers) in the can to emit a fine airborne mist or fog.

Directions for use

The place to look for pests that the manufacturer claims are controlled when exposed to the pesticide, as well as specific sites, plant species, or animals to which the product may legally be applied

Uneven spray pattern

The pressure setting does not match the operating range of nozzles

Adsorption

The process whereby a pesticide binds to soil particles

Allelopathy

The production of chemicals by plants that inhibit the growth of neighbouring plants. Ex) black walnuts produce a toxin that inhibits growth of plant species around the base of the tree.

California Department of Food and Agriculture

The state agency responsible for protecting and promoting agriculture in California

DPR

The state agency responsible for regulating the use of pesticides in California

Grass

This weed has a hollow stem and a thin outgrowth or fringe of hairs that occurs at the collar region

Sedge

This weed has elongated, V shaped leaves arising from solid, triangular stems

Aerosol generator or fogger

To control insects in a warehouse

Wick applicator

To control tall weeds without damaging the crop underneath them

Chemigation using a micro-irrigation system

To control the amount and timing of both water and pesticide to match the exact needs of the crop

Controlled droplet applicator

To make very low-volume herbicide applications and want to minimize drift. Requires very accurate calibration to achieve correct application rates at both low and high volumes

Particle drift advice

Turn off fans, forced air heating systems and other air-circulating equipment before making an application indoors

An insect pest has reached the action threshold in a strawberry field

Type of pest controlled and crop/site restrictions

Restricted material permit system

Under DPRs guidance, the CACs issue restricted material permits and enforce regulations about the possession and use of CA restricted materials. Must be certain that no injury will results and there is no non-restricted material or procedure that is equally effective and practical.

Amaranth family

Upright, broad-leaved, herbaceous plants that can be annual, biennials, or short-lived perennials. Can reach 8 ft in height. Have small, inconspicuous greenish flowers, cotyledons are narrow and elongate and are 4-5x as long as they are wide. Can cause nitrate poisoning in livestock. "Pigweeds"

Air carrier sprayers

Use fans or blowers to generate airflow that assists in moving the spray to the target. Use hydraulic or air-shear nozzles to generate spray droplets. Hydraulic nozzles use pump pressure and nozzle design to produce droplets. Air-shear use high-velocity airflow from the sprayer fan to atomize low-pressure liquid streams.

Power dusters

Use fans powered by electric or gasoline motors. Either battery powered or plug into a standard electrical outlet. Used to apply dusts in date palm gardens and to row or vine crops.

Sweep nets

Use to collect adults and larvae or nymphs of invertebrate species that are free-living on foliage

Even flat-fan nozzle

Use when applying separate bands of spray that should not overlap. Produce an even distribution of droplets in a fan-shaped pattern. Used when you don't want the herbicide, fungicide, or insecticide spray to overlap.

Cone

Used for applying insecticides and fungicides to dense foliage

Geese

Used for controlled weedy grasses in cotton, orchards, and vineyards

Roller

Used for herbicide applications of flowable, emulsifiable concentrate, soluble powder, or other nonabrasive formulations

Piston

Used for high-pressure applications or if you use both high and low pressures, as when using a VRA-equipped sprayer

Batch tank injection

Used for long injection periods. Bad if a constant injection concentration is required.

Extended range flat-fan

Used for soil and foliar applications when better coverage is required than can be obtained from flooding or turbo flooding nozzles

Centrifugal

Used in a wide variety of situations requiring a range of application pressures from 5-200 psi, especially when spraying abrasive materials

Air assist sprayers

Used in agronomic row crops or with smaller trees and vines.

Disc-core nozzles

Used in air blast sprayers. Suitable for high-pressure and high-flow rate application of insecticides and fungicides. Contains a spinner plant also called a core which produces a high rotation speed of the liquid into the whirl chamber. Produces a hollow cone spray pattern. Used for high-pressure and high-flow-rate applications of insecticides and fungicides

Diaphragm

Used in both low and high-pressure applications of abrasive or corrosive chemicals

Entomopathogenic nematodes

Used in insect pest management

Flooding nozzles

Used to apply large volumes of liquid under low pressure. Commonly used for fertilizers but occasionally used for pesticide applications. Produce a wide fan angle of up to 160 degrees. Used to apply fertilizers and occasionally, herbicides.

Pitfall traps

Used to capture adult weevil, predaceous ground beetles, ground-dwelling spiders, Collembola, and possibly others such as squash bugs

Triazines

Used to control broadleaved and grassy weeds that translocate through plants and inhibit photosynthesis. Must check to see if the application site is in a Ground Water Protection Area since these persist in water. Ex) Atrazine, simazine, and prometryn.

Soil solarizations

Used to increase species of bacteria known to be natural enemies of soilborne pathogens

Low-pressure sprayer

Used to inject liquid pesticides into the soil. Does not penetrate dense foliage and droplets cannot travel far unless the unit is equipped with a blower.

Tillage or cultivation

Used to kill weeds, disrupt the life cycle of some insect pests, and bury disease inoculum

Gear

Used to make low-pressure applications, 20-100 psi, of oil sprays or emulsifiable concentrates

Flowables (F)

Used when the a.i. is an insoluble solid and will not dissolve in either water or oil. Combine finely ground pesticide particles with a liquid carrier and emulsifiers to form a concentrated emulsion. Require agitation and leaves visible residues. Easy to handle as a liquid but subject to spilling and splashing like ECs, abrasive to nozzles and pumps, and settle out in their containers. In containers <5 gals to make remixing easier.

Mechanical dusters

Uses a fan and agitator or a level-operated bellows to force dust-laden air out of a hopper.

Quantitative fit test

Uses an electronic particle detector to measure the particles in the room and the particles present inside the respirator as the person performs movement and breathing tests.

Center-pivot

Water usually pumped from underground and sprayed from mobile boom with sprinklers.

Dry flowables (DF)

Water-dispersible granules mixed with water. Granules have a higher % of a.i. per UOM because manufacturers use less carriers. Simple to mix and no dust involved, measured by volume. Require constant agitation.

Water-soluble concentrates or solutions (S)

Water-soluble concentrates or solutions that dissolve in water, similar to sugar-based syrups. Does not require agitation and non abrasive to equipment.

Runoff

Where pesticide residues are carried in runoff water to more direct routes to ground water such as: Dry or drainage wells Poorly sealed production wells Soil cracks

Vetch

Widely distributed purple-white herbaceous plant used to improve biological control of mealybugs in vineyard. Supplies ant's with nectar which keeps them from interfering with parasitic wasps which control mealybugs.

Swath width

Width of the boom plus the distance between each pair of nozzles. Adjust boom height so that there is approximately a 30% overlap of spray from adjacent nozzles on the boom.

Timing of planting reduces insect and disease management

Winter-grown carrots and potatoes can be planted when the potato cyst nematode is not active. Black root rot can be avoided in cotton by planting later to reduce the chance of infection. In beats, beet yellow virus and beet mosaic virus have been kept under control by following stict planting programs that allowed no early-spring planting in or next to growing districts where sugarbeets were overwintered.

Sulfonylureas

Work on a braod range of grasses and broadleaved weeds but do not affect plants they are designed to product. High possibility of resistance which disrupts protein synthesis or acetolactate synthase. Ex) Rimsulfuron, sulfometuron methy, and chlorsulfuron.

Powered backpack sprayer

Works only for low-volume applications because of its small tank and inability to produce high pressure

Tomato pests

Yellow leaf curl (pathogen) Whiteflies (silverleaf, greenhouse, bandedwinged) Fruitworm Stick bug (consperse, redshouldered, say's stickbug complex, southern green) Leaf miners Fusarium wilt

Qualitative fit test

a procedure whereby a pesticide handler wearing a respirator is exposed to various atmospheres and asked to breathe under various circumstances to determine if an odor or taste can be detected

Botanicals

a substance obtained from a plant and used as an additive, like chrysanthemum flower which produce pyrethrums.

Movement of nematodes over long distances primarily occurs from the transport of: a. nursery plants. b. irrigation water. c. farm equipment.

A

On a humid summer day, you notice that a co-worker has difficulty focusing on the job he is doing, is irritable, and start to complain of feeling sick. When you off him a cool drink, he shows no interest in it. Your co-worker is suffering from A. heat stress B. exhaustion C. the flu

A

Which pesticide property would make the material more likely to move with water in surface runoff? A. high solubility B. high adsorption C. high volatility

A

Which statemnet is true about pest management strategies in IPM? A. The goal is often to tolerate pests at economically acceptable levels B. eradication is never the goal of an IPM program C. pesticides are not included in an IPM strategy D. Nonchemical methods usually provide only short-term control of a pest

A

You must use an agitator at all times when spraying: a. wettable powders. b. soluble powders. c. soluble liquids.

A

Which of the following are considered benefits of pest monitoring (select all that apply? a. Observing seasonal changes in pest populations b. Proper timing of pesticide applications c. Assessing the effectiveness of pest control measures d. Ability to use more pesticides and apply these more frequently

A, B, C

Pesticide drift can endanger human health in which of the following ways? A. it can cause residues to exceed legal limits on food crops B. it can contaminate fruits and vegetables in backyard gardens C. it can damage surface in and around homes D. it can contaminate laundry hung outside to ry

A, B, C, and D

Drop spreaders

AKA mechanically driven granule applicators. Most accurate and flexible spreaders available for granules.

Mexican leafhopper

Alfalfa

Volatile organic compound

Any compound of carbon, excluding carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic carbides or carbonates, and ammonium carbonate, that participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions. This includes any organic compound other than those exempted by the federal regulation.

Chemigation

Applying pesticides through irrigation systems.

Popular predators

Arthropods (lady beetles), carabid beetles, lacewings, syrphid flies, true bugs, spiders, and predatory mites.

The difference between California's laws and the Department Pesticide Regulation's regulations is that laws are A. Passed by CAC and regulations are passed by the California legislature B. Passed by the California legislature and regulations are adopted by the Department of Pesticide Regulation to carry out the laws C. Supplements to federal regulations D. Adopted by the Department of Pesticide Regulation to carry out regulations signed by the Governor

B

The help you give people exposed to pesticides before the receive emergency help from a medical professional is called A. practical treatment B. first aid C. emergency care

B

The most frequent route of pesticide exposure is through the A. mouth B. skin C. eye

B

To avoid the development of resistance in agricultural pests, you should use pesticides with differing: a. toxicity. b. modes of action. c. application methods.

B

Which of the following may produce a pesticide residue on a crop that exceeds legal tolerance? A. avoiding applications close to or during harvest times B. allowing pesticide residue to drift onto the crop from a nearby area C. using the lowest effective rate of pesticide a.i.

B

Which of the following procedures is NOT required in a written pesticide respirator program? A. selecting and fitting the respirator B. repairing damaged respirator cartridges C. cleaning and sanitizing the respirator D. inspecting and maintaining the respiratory equipment

B

Which of the following qualifications enables a person to train pesticide handler employees in commercial or research production of an agricultural plant commodity? A. a professor of the University of California B. a CA Certified Private Applicator C. a Certified Crop Consultant D. a Department of Pesticide Regulation-licensed Pest Control Dealer

B

Which of the following qualifications must a person have to be responsible for the pest control operations of a PCB? A. Pest Control Buisness license B. QAL C. Agricultural Pest Control Adviser License D. CAC license

B

Which statement is true regarding common sources of viral disease in plants? a. Viruses are spread from plant to plant as vertebrate pests feed on leaves. b. Viruses are spread from one plant to another by insect or nematode vectors. c . Viruses enter plants either through their root structure or through wounds.

B

Who is responsible for purchasing PPE required by pesticide labels and ensuring that it is properly cleaned and maintained? A. workers B. employers C. pest control advisers

B

Vein clearing

disappearance of green color in and around veins

Powdery accumulations on leaves and fruit

fungi

Phytoplasmas

group of plant pathogenic bacteria with no cell wall. Reproduce by budding and binary fission and are transmitted primarily by leafhoppers or psyllids and mites.

Sclerotia

highly resistant portions of the mycelia of the fungus that can detach

SDS

includes the procedure used for fighting a pesticide fire information about how to handle pesticide spills

Egg, larva, fry, juvenile, adult

insect, complete metamorphosis

Egg, nymph, adult cycle

insect, incomplete metamorphosis

Sudden wilting of plants in random patches

insufficient water reaching certain areas

Pesticide is persistent in soil which can lead to...

leaching

Egg, juvenile, adult

nematode

Egg, larva, pupa, adult

nematode

Animal systemics

pesticide products that are absorbed by, enter the tissues of, and, move within the treated animal

Cross protectice

plants are exposed to a mild strain of a virus, like a vaccine, which stimulates the plant's natural defenses.

roots of plants down a single row have been eaten away

pocket gophers

Thrips

rasping-sucking mouthparts; cause lesions on young leaves and flower petals. Most undergo 4 instants, they feed in the first 2, and finally, instar is a resting stage that takes place in the soil. Wings become present in the final molt. Some a predatory on aphids and mites and can help control these.

Pesticide is volatile which can lead to...

spray drift

Pesticide mixture is thin and watery which can...

spray drift

Making applications when flowers are in bloom can result in..

the death of pollinators

Pesticide persistence

the length of time a chemical remains in the environment. There are regulations on plant-back restrictions given the persistence of the chemical

Label safety information

the personal protective equipment required to safely handle a pesticide how to avoid contaminating the environment while using the product

Seed, seedling, vegetative growth, reproductive period, post-reproductive period

weed

Plants become waterlogged due to clogged drainage ditches

weeks