Qualitative Research - Lesson 1

quantitative, qualitative, mixed

according to design or approach or approaches to inquiry or research methodology

Theory TESTING

deduction is part of what theory

quantitative approach

deductive method is part of__________

philosophical assumptions stategies of inquiry mehtods of data collection

qualitative inquiry employs different approaches in terms of the ff:

Ø Unique Case Orientation

- Assumes each case is unique; the first level of inquiry is being true to, respecting, and capturing the details of the individual cases being studied; cross-case analysis follows from and depends on the quality of individual case studies.

Dynamic Systems

- Attention to process: assumes change is constant and ongoing whether the focus is on an individual or an entire culture.

natural setting

- Collecting data at the site where participants' experience the issue or problem under study: - Do not bring individuals into a laboratory (contrived situation); Nonmanipulative; - Do not typically send out instruments for individuals to complete;

Empathic Neutrality

- Complete objectivity is impossible; pure subjectivity undermines credibility, the researcher's passion is understanding the world in all its complexity-not proving something, not advocating, not advancing personal agendas, but understanding the researcher includes personal experience and empathic insight as part of the relevant data, while taking a neutral nonjudgmental stance toward whatever content may emerge.

Qualitative Data

- Detailed, thick description; inquiry in depth: direct Quotations capturing people's personal perspectives and experiences.

Multiple Sources Of Data.

- Gathering of multiple forms of data such as interviews, observations and documents rather than rely on single data source: (grades, diary is also applicable) - Researchers review and make sense of all the data, organize them into cut accross the data

Ø Participants' Meanings

- In the entire qualitative research process, the researchers keep a focus on learning the meaning that the participants hold about the problem or issue, not the meaning that the researchers bring to the research or writers from the literature.

Ø Context Sensitivity

- Places findings in a social, historical, and temporal context: dubious of the possibility or meaningfulness of generalizations across time and space.

Inductive Data Analysis

- Qualitative researchers build their patterns, categories and themes from the bottom up", by organizing the data into increasingly more abstract units or information: - Researchers work back and forth between the themes and the database until they establish a comprehensive set of themes.

Researcher As Key Instrument

- Qualitative researchers collect data themselves through examining documents, observing behavior and interviewing participants; - Researchers may use a protocol an instrument for collecting data-but the researchers are the ones who actually gather the information (do not rely on estio or instruments developed by other researchers)

Theoretical Lens

- Qualitative researchers often use a lens to view their studies such as the concept of culture (central to ethnography) or gender, racial, class historical, social and political differences,

hollistic account

- Qualitative researchers try to develop a complex picture of the problem or issue under the study: This involves reporting multiple perspectives, identifying the many factors involved in a situation and generally sketching the larger picture that emerges: - The whole phenomenon under a study is understood as a complex stem that is more than the sum of its parts; focus is on complex interdependencies not meaningfully reduced to a few discrete variables and linear, cause-effect relationships

Ø Interpretive Inquiry

- Researchers make an interpretation of what they see, hear and understand, - Researchers interpretation cannot be separated from their own background history, context and prior understandings

Ø Personal Contact And Insight

- The researcher has direct contact with and gets close to the people, situation, and phenomenon under study, researcher's personal experiences and insights are an important part of the inquiry and critical to understanding the phenomenon.

Induction

- This is when a researcher has no theories; Instead, categories, concepts and theories emerge out of the data; "Usually applied in phenomenological study - No theories are involved

deductive method

- is when a researcher has a pre-conceived theory or hypothesis and then looks at the data she/he has collected and decides whether or not this theory is validated or invalidated.

qualitative research design

- situated activity that locates the observer in the world

single-subject experimental design

Experimental methods that do not rely on groups of people, but rather on repeated measures from individual subjects

Emergent Design

Initial plan for research cannot be tightly prescribed; All phases of the process may change or shift after the researchers enter the field and begin to collect data.

applied research

chosen to apply its results to societal problems or issues - not carried for its own sake but to solve specific practical questions or problems

basic research

deals with theoretical concept, principles or abstract things. main motivation is to exten man's knowledge - exploratory in nature

theory building

induction is also known as

qualitative approach

inductive method is part of what approach

reality

is coniditoned by society and people's conditions

quasi-experimental design

one group is experimented

inquiry

to ask questions out of curiosity

research

to discover the truths behind you are curious about and investigate it scientifically is a systematic investigation and study of materials and sources to establish facts and reach new conclusion

according to goal and according to design or approach

two major approaches of research

constant comparison of data and theoretical sampling of different groups

two types of grounded theory in order to maximize tehe similarities and difference of inormation

descriptive, comparative and correlational

types of non experimental quantitative research design

experimental and non experimental

what ate the ypes of quantitatve research

blind spot contradicting literature blank-spot lack of literature

what is the purpose of literature