sociology exam 100
which amendment gave women the right to vote
19th amendment
Women earn about ________ for every dollar a man earns.
80 cents
racism
a belief that one race is supreme and that all others are innately inferior
which of the following is an example of liberation theology
a catholic church in south america that leads a movement to earn equal rights for poor women
sociology inequality
a condition in which members of a society have different amounts of wealth, prestige, or power
relative poverty
a floating standard of deprivation by which people at the bottom of a society judged to be disadvantaged in comparison to the nation as a whole
ethnic group
a group that is set apart from others because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns
racial group
a group that is set apart from others because of physical differences that have taken on social significance
midlife crisis
a period of self-evaluation in which people realize that they have not achieved basic goals and have little time to do so
serial monogamy
a person has several spouses in a lifetime, but only one spouse at a time
family
a set of people related by blood, marriage or some other agreed- upon relationship, or adoption, who share the responsibility for reproducing and caring for members of society
false consciousness
a worker who identifies with the wealthy and believes that she can achieve great wealth through hard work
religion
according to emile durkheim, is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things
egalitarian
an authority pattern where the adult members of the family regarded as equals
the former policy of the south african american government that was designed to maintain the separation of blacks and other non-whites from the dominant whites was known as
apartheid
prejudice is an _; discrimination is an _
belief;action
creationists are worried by the secularization of society and oppose teachings that directly or indirectly question
biblical scripture
Which pattern of descent is most typical in the U.S.?
bilateral
in the southern u.s. in the pre-civil rights era, an african american individual born into a status that would always subordinate to the status of all the white members of the community. This an example of
caste system
which of the following statements concerning stepfamilies is true
children raised by stepmothers are likely to have less health care, education, and money spent on their food than children raised by biological mothers
which of the following did max weber suggest were analytically distinct components of stratification
class, status, and power
inner-city riots have frequently occurred when poor people realize that their chances of climbing out of poverty are unlikely because of the structure of our social system. their frustration is based on their perception that they are living in an
closed stratification system
which of the following is an example of segregation
confining japanese americans to relocation camps during world war 2
What term did Thorstein Veblen use to describe the behavior of those at the top of the social hierarchy when they engage in such activities as jetting off to a remote destination for dinner?
conspicuous leisure
capitalism
economic system in which the means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profit
fundamentalism
emphasis on the doctrinal conformity and literal interpretation of religious texts
a system of stratification under which peasants were required to work land leased to them by nobles in exchange for military protection is known as an
estate system
Recent Chinese immigrants to the United States often find jobs working in "sweatshops" in Chinatown in New York City, where they work 16 or more hours per day in the textile industry, and earn below minimum wage. The big businesses that hire these illegal and often uninformed immigrants are an illustrate
exploitation theory
the protestant ethic
has an emphasis on a disciplined work ethic, this-worldly concerns, and a rational orientation to life
in most states in the u.s., an individual is not permitted to marry a parent, a sibling,etc.
incest taboo
an individual's salary and wages are referred to as
income
contact hypothesis
interracial contact between people of equal status will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon previous stereotypes
new religious movement
is generally small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith
a man doing which of the following would be a violation of the male gender role
joining a knitting circle
which sociologist noted that religious often drugged the masses into submission by offering a consolation for their harsh lives on earth and the hope of salvation in an ideal afterlife
karl marx
churches that serve as training grounds for community leaders and allow members to refine their organizational skills are performing a
latent function
giving meaning to the divine and defining the spiritual world are among religions
manifest functions
sociologists have identified five basic properties-unequal treatment, physical or cultural traits, ascribed status, solidarity, and in-group marriage-to describe
minority groups
when ted consoles his sister about a difficult romantic breakup, works a day shift as a construction worker, and sings nursery rhymes to his young daughter so that she may fall asleep, he is portraying
multiple masculinities
sandwich generation
occurs when adults try to meet the competing demands of their parents and their own children
status group
people who share the same prestige or lifestyle, independent of their class position
in the oneida community members were all married to one another, that is all the men in the community were to all the women were married to all the men. this an example of
polygamy
police practice of assuming that people of a certain race, ethnicity, or national origin are likely to be engaged in illegal activities is referred to as
racial profiling
class consciousness
refers to a subjective awareness held by members of a class regarding their common vested and the need for collective political action to bring about social change
familism
refers to pride in the extended family, expressed through the maintenance of close ties and strong obligations to kinfolk
stained glass ceiling
refers to the difficulty women face obtaining leadership positions within religious institutions
ethnocentrism
refers to the tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life are superior to all others
liberation theology
refers to the use of a church, primarily the roman catholic church, in a political effort eliminate poverty
which supreme court decision granted women in the united states the right to terminate pregnancies
roe v. wade
which of the following is the largest single denomination in the united states
roman catholic
a person proclaims loudly that all black people are lazy and shiftless and collect welfare. this an example of
stereotype
euthanasia
the act of bringing about the death of a hopelessly ill and suffering person in a relatively quick and painless way for reasons of mercy
absolute poverty
the commonly used poverty line
sacred
the concept that encompasses elements beyond everyday life that inspire awe, respect, or fear
instituational discrimination
the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals or groups that results from the normal operations of society
feminization of poverty
the disproportionate representation of female-headed households among the poor
what is the difference between a family and a kin group
the family is a household unit, and kin do not always live together
disengagement theory
the functionalist theory of aging, arguing that society and the aging individuals mutually sever many of their relationships
polygyny
the marriage of a man to more than one woman at a time
ageism
the prejudicial and discriminatory behavior directed against the eldery
discrimination
the process of denying opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice
exogamy
the requirement that individuals select mates from outside certain groups
endogamy
the restriction of mate selection to people within the same group
gerontology
the scientific study of the sociological and psychological aspects of aging and the problems of the aged
young old
those people are in their 60s
individuals who take hormones or undergo surgery in order to become physically closer to their chosen gender identity are known as
transsexuals
as of 2013, which of the following countries does not provide at least 13 weeks of paid maternity leave
united states
Stratification
used by sociologists for a structured ranking of groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in society
a single mother who works in a factory sewing large sheets of canvas would be considered
working class