sociology exam 100

which amendment gave women the right to vote

19th amendment

Women earn about ________ for every dollar a man earns.

80 cents

racism

a belief that one race is supreme and that all others are innately inferior

which of the following is an example of liberation theology

a catholic church in south america that leads a movement to earn equal rights for poor women

sociology inequality

a condition in which members of a society have different amounts of wealth, prestige, or power

relative poverty

a floating standard of deprivation by which people at the bottom of a society judged to be disadvantaged in comparison to the nation as a whole

ethnic group

a group that is set apart from others because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns

racial group

a group that is set apart from others because of physical differences that have taken on social significance

midlife crisis

a period of self-evaluation in which people realize that they have not achieved basic goals and have little time to do so

serial monogamy

a person has several spouses in a lifetime, but only one spouse at a time

family

a set of people related by blood, marriage or some other agreed- upon relationship, or adoption, who share the responsibility for reproducing and caring for members of society

false consciousness

a worker who identifies with the wealthy and believes that she can achieve great wealth through hard work

religion

according to emile durkheim, is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things

egalitarian

an authority pattern where the adult members of the family regarded as equals

the former policy of the south african american government that was designed to maintain the separation of blacks and other non-whites from the dominant whites was known as

apartheid

prejudice is an _; discrimination is an _

belief;action

creationists are worried by the secularization of society and oppose teachings that directly or indirectly question

biblical scripture

Which pattern of descent is most typical in the U.S.?

bilateral

in the southern u.s. in the pre-civil rights era, an african american individual born into a status that would always subordinate to the status of all the white members of the community. This an example of

caste system

which of the following statements concerning stepfamilies is true

children raised by stepmothers are likely to have less health care, education, and money spent on their food than children raised by biological mothers

which of the following did max weber suggest were analytically distinct components of stratification

class, status, and power

inner-city riots have frequently occurred when poor people realize that their chances of climbing out of poverty are unlikely because of the structure of our social system. their frustration is based on their perception that they are living in an

closed stratification system

which of the following is an example of segregation

confining japanese americans to relocation camps during world war 2

What term did Thorstein Veblen use to describe the behavior of those at the top of the social hierarchy when they engage in such activities as jetting off to a remote destination for dinner?

conspicuous leisure

capitalism

economic system in which the means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profit

fundamentalism

emphasis on the doctrinal conformity and literal interpretation of religious texts

a system of stratification under which peasants were required to work land leased to them by nobles in exchange for military protection is known as an

estate system

Recent Chinese immigrants to the United States often find jobs working in "sweatshops" in Chinatown in New York City, where they work 16 or more hours per day in the textile industry, and earn below minimum wage. The big businesses that hire these illegal and often uninformed immigrants are an illustrate

exploitation theory

the protestant ethic

has an emphasis on a disciplined work ethic, this-worldly concerns, and a rational orientation to life

in most states in the u.s., an individual is not permitted to marry a parent, a sibling,etc.

incest taboo

an individual's salary and wages are referred to as

income

contact hypothesis

interracial contact between people of equal status will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon previous stereotypes

new religious movement

is generally small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith

a man doing which of the following would be a violation of the male gender role

joining a knitting circle

which sociologist noted that religious often drugged the masses into submission by offering a consolation for their harsh lives on earth and the hope of salvation in an ideal afterlife

karl marx

churches that serve as training grounds for community leaders and allow members to refine their organizational skills are performing a

latent function

giving meaning to the divine and defining the spiritual world are among religions

manifest functions

sociologists have identified five basic properties-unequal treatment, physical or cultural traits, ascribed status, solidarity, and in-group marriage-to describe

minority groups

when ted consoles his sister about a difficult romantic breakup, works a day shift as a construction worker, and sings nursery rhymes to his young daughter so that she may fall asleep, he is portraying

multiple masculinities

sandwich generation

occurs when adults try to meet the competing demands of their parents and their own children

status group

people who share the same prestige or lifestyle, independent of their class position

in the oneida community members were all married to one another, that is all the men in the community were to all the women were married to all the men. this an example of

polygamy

police practice of assuming that people of a certain race, ethnicity, or national origin are likely to be engaged in illegal activities is referred to as

racial profiling

class consciousness

refers to a subjective awareness held by members of a class regarding their common vested and the need for collective political action to bring about social change

familism

refers to pride in the extended family, expressed through the maintenance of close ties and strong obligations to kinfolk

stained glass ceiling

refers to the difficulty women face obtaining leadership positions within religious institutions

ethnocentrism

refers to the tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life are superior to all others

liberation theology

refers to the use of a church, primarily the roman catholic church, in a political effort eliminate poverty

which supreme court decision granted women in the united states the right to terminate pregnancies

roe v. wade

which of the following is the largest single denomination in the united states

roman catholic

a person proclaims loudly that all black people are lazy and shiftless and collect welfare. this an example of

stereotype

euthanasia

the act of bringing about the death of a hopelessly ill and suffering person in a relatively quick and painless way for reasons of mercy

absolute poverty

the commonly used poverty line

sacred

the concept that encompasses elements beyond everyday life that inspire awe, respect, or fear

instituational discrimination

the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals or groups that results from the normal operations of society

feminization of poverty

the disproportionate representation of female-headed households among the poor

what is the difference between a family and a kin group

the family is a household unit, and kin do not always live together

disengagement theory

the functionalist theory of aging, arguing that society and the aging individuals mutually sever many of their relationships

polygyny

the marriage of a man to more than one woman at a time

ageism

the prejudicial and discriminatory behavior directed against the eldery

discrimination

the process of denying opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice

exogamy

the requirement that individuals select mates from outside certain groups

endogamy

the restriction of mate selection to people within the same group

gerontology

the scientific study of the sociological and psychological aspects of aging and the problems of the aged

young old

those people are in their 60s

individuals who take hormones or undergo surgery in order to become physically closer to their chosen gender identity are known as

transsexuals

as of 2013, which of the following countries does not provide at least 13 weeks of paid maternity leave

united states

Stratification

used by sociologists for a structured ranking of groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in society

a single mother who works in a factory sewing large sheets of canvas would be considered

working class