Questions Homeostasis and Regulation
The mother of a 4-year-old child tells the pediatric nurse that the child's abdomen seems to be swollen. During further assessment, the mother tells the nurse that the child is eating well and that the activity level of the child is unchanged. The nurse, suspecting the possibility of Wilms' tumor, should avoid which during the physical assessment? 1. Palpating the abdomen for a mass 2. Assessing the urine for the presence of hematuria 3. Monitoring the temperature for the presence of fever 4. Monitoring the blood pressure for the presence of hypertension
*1. Palpating the abdomen for a mass* Rationale: Wilms' tumor is the most common intraabdominal and kidney tumor of childhood. If Wilms' tumor is suspected, the tumor mass should not be palpated by the nurse. Excessive manipulation can cause seeding of the tumor and spread of the cancerous cells. Hematuria, fever, and hypertension are clinical manifestations associated with Wilms' tumor.
A 4-year-old child is admitted to the hospital for abdominal pain. The mother reports that the child has been pale and excessively tired and is bruising easily. On physical examination, lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly are noted. Diagnostic studies are being performed because acute lymphocytic leukemia is suspected. The nurse determines that which laboratory result confirms the diagnosis? Rationale:Leukemia is a malignant increase in the number of leukocytes, usually at an immature stage, in the bone marrow. The confirmatory test for leukemia is microscopic examination of bone marrow obtained by bone marrow aspirate and biopsy, which is considered positive if blast cells are present. An altered platelet count occurs as a result of the disease, but also may occur as a result of chemotherapy and does not confirm the diagnosis. The white blood cell count may be normal, high, or low in leukemia. A lumbar puncture may be done to look for blast cells in the spinal fluid that indicate central nervous system disease.
1.Lumbar puncture showing no blast cells 2.Bone marrow biopsy showing blast cells 3.Platelet count of 350,000 mm3 (350 × 109/L) 4.White blood cell count 4,500 mm3 (4.5 × 109/L)
The nurse is told to draw an arterial blood gas sample with the client on ambient air. The nurse documents in the record that the client was receiving how much oxygen for this procedure? 16% 21% 30% 40%
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The nurse is caring for a client with diabetic ketoacidosis and documents that the client is experiencing Kussmaul's respirations. Which patterns did the nurse observe? Select all that apply. Respirations that are shallow Respirations that are increased in rate Respirations that are abnormally slow Respirations that are abnormally deep Respirations that cease for several seconds
Respirations that are increased in rate Respirations that are abnormally deep
Laboratory studies are performed for a child suspected to have iron deficiency anemia. The nurse reviews the laboratory results, knowing that which result indicates this type of anemia? 1. Elevated hemoglobin level 2. Decreased reticulocyte count 3. Elevated red blood cell count 4. Red blood cells that are microcytic and hypochromic
4. Red blood cells that are microcytic and hypochromic Rationale: In iron deficiency anemia, iron stores are depleted, resulting in a decreased supply of iron for the manufacture of hemoglobin in red blood cells. The results of a complete blood cell count in children with iron deficiency anemia show decreased hemoglobin levels and microcytic and hypochromic red blood cells. The red blood cell count is decreased. The reticulocyte count is usually normal or slightly elevated.
A client has been diagnosed with metabolic alkalosis as a result of excessive antacid use. The nurse monitoring this client should expect to note which signs/symptoms? Disorientation and dyspnea Decreased respiratory rate and depth Drowsiness, headache, and tachypnea Tachypnea, dizziness, and paresthesias
A client with metabolic alkalosis is likely to exhibit decreased respiratory rate and depth as a compensatory mechanism. A client with metabolic acidosis would display the symptoms noted in option 3. The client with respiratory acidosis and alkalosis would display the symptoms noted in options 1 and 4, respectively.
The nurse is caring for a client with diabetic ketoacidosis whose respirations are abnormally deep, regular, and increased in rate. What is the purpose of this type of respiration? Select all that apply. Correct bradypnea Blow off carbon dioxide Correct metabolic acidosis Correct an acid-base imbalance Cause respiratory compensation Stimulate Cheyne-Stokes respirations
Abnormally deep, regular, and increased in rate respirations enable respiratory compensation in an effort to help correct metabolic acidosis. These respirations are called Kussmaul's respirations, and they occur by exhaling excess carbon dioxide. Bradypnea is abnormally slow but regular respirations. Cheyne-Stokes respirations have rhythmic crescendo and decrescendo of rate and depth, including brief periods of apnea. Kussmaul's respirations do not stimulate Cheyne-Stokes respirations.
A client is diagnosed with respiratory alkalosis induced by gram-negative sepsis. The nurse should plan to carry out which prescribed measure as the most effective means to treat the problem? Administer prescribed antibiotics. Have the client breathe into a paper bag. Administer antipyretics as needed (on prn basis). Request a prescription for a partial rebreather oxygen mask.
Administer prescribed antibiotics. The most effective way to treat an acid-base disorder is to treat the underlying cause of the disorder. In this case, the problem is sepsis, which is most effectively treated with antibiotic therapy. Antipyretics will control fever secondary to sepsis but do nothing to treat the acid-base balance. The paper bag and partial rebreather mask will assist the client in rebreathing exhaled carbon dioxide, but again, these do not treat the primary cause of the imbalance.
An anxious client is experiencing respiratory alkalosis from hyperventilation caused by anxiety. The nurse should take which action to help the client experiencing this acid-base disorder? Put the client in a supine position. Provide emotional support and reassurance. Withhold all sedative or antianxiety medications. Tell the client to breathe very deeply but more slowly.
An anxious client benefits from emotional support and reassurance, which in turn reduces anxiety and may lower the respiratory rate. The client may benefit from the administration of a sedative or antianxiety medication if it is prescribed. The client should try to breathe more slowly. Lying supine provides no benefit to the client and may cause problems with breathing.
A client with a 3-day history of nausea and vomiting presents to the emergency department. The client is hypoventilating and has a respiratory rate of 10 breaths/minute. The electrocardiogram (ECG) monitor displays tachycardia, with a heart rate of 120 beats/minute. Arterial blood gases are drawn and the nurse reviews the results, expecting to note which finding? A decreased pH and an increased PaCO2 An increased pH and a decreased PaCO2 A decreased pH and a decreased HCO3- An increased pH and an increased HCO3-
An increased pH and an increased HCO3- Clients experiencing nausea and vomiting would most likely present with metabolic alkalosis resulting from loss of gastric acid, thus causing the pH and HCO3- to increase. Symptoms experienced by the client would include hypoventilation and tachycardia. Option 1 reflects a respiratory acidotic condition. Option 2 reflects a respiratory alkalotic condition, and option 3 reflects a metabolic acidotic condition.
A client has a high level of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the bloodstream, as measured by arterial blood gases. The nurse anticipates that which underlying pathophysiology can occur as a result of this elevated CO2?
Headache, restlessness, and confusion
When assessing a lesion diagnosed as basal cell carcinoma, the nurse most likely expects to note which findings? Select all that apply. 1.An irregularly shaped lesion 2.A small papule with a dry, rough scale 3.A firm, nodular lesion topped with crust 4.A pearly papule with a central crater and a waxy border 5.Location in the bald spot atop the head that is exposed to outdoor sunlight
Basal cell carcinoma appears as a pearly papule with a central crater and rolled waxy border. Exposure to ultraviolet sunlight is a major risk factor. A melanoma is an irregularly shaped pigmented papule or plaque with a red-, white-, or blue-toned color. Actinic keratosis, a premalignant lesion, appears as a small macule or papule with a dry, rough, adherent yellow or brown scale. Squamous cell carcinoma is a firm, nodular lesion topped with a crust or a central area of ulceration.
During the admission assessment of a client with advanced ovarian cancer, the nurse recognizes which manifestation as typical of the disease? 1.Diarrhea 2.Hypermenorrhea 3.Abnormal bleeding 4.Abdominal distention
Clinical manifestations of ovarian cancer include abdominal distention, urinary frequency and urgency, pleural effusion, malnutrition, pain from pressure caused by the growing tumor and the effects of urinary or bowel obstruction, constipation, ascites with dyspnea, and ultimately general severe pain. Abnormal bleeding, often resulting in hypermenorrhea, is associated with uterine cancer.
The nurse is caring for a client with respiratory failure related to Guillain-Barré syndrome. The nurse plans care knowing that what other extrapulmonary causes can lead to respiratory failure? Select all that apply. Stroke Pneumonia Sleep apnea Myasthenia gravis Obstructive lung disease Opioid analgesics, sedatives, anesthetics
Extrapulmonary causes of respiratory failure include the following: stroke, sleep apnea, myasthenia gravis, and opioid analgesics, sedatives, and anesthetics. Both obstructive lung disease and pneumonia are intrapulmonary causes of respiratory failure.
The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client diagnosed with multiple myeloma. Which would the nurse expect to note specifically in this disorder? 1.Increased calcium level 2.Increased white blood cells 3.Decreased blood urea nitrogen level 4.Decreased number of plasma cells in the bone marrow
Findings indicative of multiple myeloma are an increased number of plasma cells in the bone marrow, anemia, hypercalcemia caused by the release of calcium from the deteriorating bone tissue, and an elevated blood urea nitrogen level. An increased white blood cell count may or may not be present and is not related specifically to multiple myeloma.
A client with a history of lung disease is at risk for developing respiratory acidosis. The nurse should assess the client for which signs and symptoms characteristic of this disorder? Bradycardia and hyperactivity Decreased respiratory rate and depth Headache, restlessness, and confusion Bradypnea, dizziness, and paresthesias
Headache, restlessness, and confusion When a client is experiencing respiratory acidosis, the respiratory rate and depth increase in an attempt to compensate. The client also experiences headache; restlessness; mental status changes, such as drowsiness and confusion; visual disturbances; diaphoresis; cyanosis as the hypoxia becomes more acute; hyperkalemia; rapid, irregular pulse; and dysrhythmias. Options 1, 2, and 4 are not specifically associated with this disorder.
A diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease is suspected in a 12-year-old child. Several diagnostic studies are performed to determine the presence of this disease. Which diagnostic test result will confirm the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease? 1.Elevated vanillylmandelic acid urinary levels 2.The presence of blast cells in the bone marrow 3.The presence of Epstein-Barr virus in the blood 4.The presence of Reed-Sternberg cells in the lymph nodes
Hodgkin's disease (a type of lymphoma) is a malignancy of the lymph nodes. The presence of giant, multinucleated cells (Reed-Sternberg cells) is the classic characteristic of this disease. Elevated levels of vanillylmandelic acid in the urine may be found in children with neuroblastoma. The presence of blast cells in the bone marrow indicates leukemia. Epstein-Barr virus is associated with infectious mononucleosis.
A client is determined by blood gas analysis to be in respiratory alkalosis. Which electrolyte disorder should the nurse monitor for that could accompany the acid-base imbalance? Hypokalemia Hypercalcemia Hypochloremia Hypernatremia
Hypokalemia
A client's blood gas results reveal acidosis. What are some signs and symptoms the nurse would expect to see? Select all that apply. Seizures Lethargy Headache Weakness Confusion Hyperactivity
Lethargy Headache Weakness Confusion In both respiratory and metabolic acidosis, the central nervous system (CNS) is depressed. Headache, lethargy, weakness, and confusion develop, leading eventually to coma and death. Therefore, seizures and hyperactivity would not be noted.
The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for an infant with suspected hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. What should the nurse expect to note as the most likely finding in this infant? Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic alkalosis Laboratory findings in an infant with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis include metabolic alkalosis as a result of the vomiting that occurs in this disorder. Additional findings include decreased serum potassium and sodium levels, increased pH and bicarbonate levels, and decreased chloride level. The remaining options are incorrect.
A client's arterial blood gas results reveal a PaO2 of 55 mm Hg. The client's admitting diagnosis is acute respiratory failure secondary to community-acquired pneumonia. What is the nurse's best action? Repeat arterial blood gas testing. Maintain continuous pulse oximetry. Notify the health care provider (HCP). Decrease the amount of oxygen administered.
Notify the health care provider (HCP). Respiratory failure is defined as a PaO2 of 60 mm Hg or lower. The nurse should notify the HCP for further prescriptions. Common causes of hypoxemic respiratory failure are pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, and shock. This client should be receiving oxygen. Repeating the arterial blood gases and maintaining continuous pulse oximetry do nothing to correct the problem.
The nurse is caring for a client with lung cancer and bone metastasis. What signs and symptoms would the nurse recognize as indications of a possible oncological emergency? Select all that apply. 1.Facial edema in the morning 2.Weight loss of 20 lb (9 kg) in 1 month 3.Serum calcium level of 12 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L) 4.Serum sodium level of 136 mg/dL (136 mmol/L) 5.Serum potassium level of 3.4 mg/dL (3.4 mmol/L) 6.Numbness and tingling of the lower extremities
Oncological emergencies include sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, spinal cord compression, hypercalcemia, superior vena cava syndrome, and tumor lysis syndrome. Blockage of blood flow to the venous system of the head resulting in facial edema is a sign of superior vena cava syndrome. A serum calcium level of 12 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L) indicates hypercalcemia. Numbness and tingling of the lower extremities could be a sign of spinal cord compression. Mild hypokalemia and weight loss are not oncological emergencies. A sodium level of 136 mg/dL (136 mmol/L) is a normal level.
The nurse is admitting to the hospital a client with a diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome. The nurse knows that if the disease is severe enough, the client will be at risk for which acid-base imbalance? Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis Guillain-Barré is a neuromuscular disorder in which the client may experience weakening or paralysis of the muscles used for respiration. This could cause the client to retain carbon dioxide, leading to respiratory acidosis and ventilatory failure as the paralysis develops. Therefore, the remaining options are incorrect.
The nurse is caring for a client whose arterial blood gas results reveal alkalosis. What client reactions would the nurse expect to see? Select all that apply. Tetany Lethargy Tingling Confusion Numbness Restlessness
Tetany Tingling Numbness Restlessness A client's reaction to alkalosis causes tingling and numbness of the fingers, restlessness, and tetany caused by irritability of the central nervous system (CNS) results. If the severity of alkalosis increases, convulsions and coma may occur.
A client is about to have arterial blood gases drawn, and the nurse explains what an Allen's test is. What comment shows that the client understands the nurse's explanation? "Blood is drawn from the ulnar artery." "I know I have to lie down while blood is drawn." "This test is done to ensure adequate collateral circulation." "Direct pressure has to be placed over the site for 15 minutes after blood is drawn."
The Allen test is important because it ensures collateral circulation to the hand if thrombosis of the radial artery occurs after the puncture. Failure to determine the presence of adequate collateral circulation could result in severe ischemic injury to the hand if damage to the radial artery occurs with arterial puncture. Options 1, 2, and 4 are incorrect.
The nurse is caring for a client who overdosed on acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) 24 hours ago. The nurse should expect to note which findings associated with an anticipated acid-base disturbance? Disorientation and dyspnea Drowsiness, headache, and tachypnea Tachypnea, dizziness, and paresthesias Decreased respiratory rate and depth, cardiac irregularities
The client who ingests a large amount of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is at risk for developing metabolic acidosis 24 hours later. If metabolic acidosis occurs, the client is likely to exhibit drowsiness, headache, and tachypnea. In the very early hours following aspirin overdose, the client may exhibit respiratory alkalosis as a compensatory mechanism. However, by 24 hours post overdose, the compensatory mechanism fails, and the client reverts to metabolic acidosis. The client with metabolic alkalosis (option 4) is likely to experience cardiac irregularities and a compensatory decreased respiratory rate and depth. Options 1 and 3 indicate respiratory acidosis and alkalosis, respectively.
A client is admitted to the hospital 24 hours following an aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) overdose. The nurse assesses this client for which signs/symptoms indicating the acid-base disturbance that could occur in the client? Bradypnea, dizziness, and paresthesias Headache, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea Bradycardia, listlessness, and hyperactivity Restlessness, confusion, and a positive Trousseau's sign
The client who ingests a large amount of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is at risk for developing metabolic acidosis 24 hours after the poisoning. If metabolic acidosis occurs, the client may exhibit hyperpnea with Kussmaul's respirations, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fruity-smelling breath because of improper fat metabolism, central nervous system depression, twitching, convulsions, and hyperkalemia. Shortly after aspirin overdose, the client may exhibit respiratory alkalosis as a compensatory mechanism. By 24 hours postoverdose, however, the compensatory mechanism fails, and the client reverts to metabolic acidosis.
A client with a chronic airflow limitation is experiencing respiratory acidosis as a complication. The nurse who is trying to enhance the client's respiratory status should avoid which action? Keeping the head of the bed elevated Monitoring the flow rate of supplemental oxygen Assisting the client to turn, cough, and breathe deeply Encouraging the client to breathe slowly and shallowly
The client with respiratory acidosis is experiencing elevated carbon dioxide levels caused by insufficient ventilation. The nurse would encourage the client to breathe slowly and deeply to expand alveoli and to promote better gas exchange. The actions listed in options 1, 2, and 3 are helpful actions on the part of the nurse.
A client has a high level of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the bloodstream, as measured by arterial blood gases. The nurse anticipates that which underlying pathophysiology can occur as a result of this elevated CO2? It will cause arteriovenous shunting. It will cause vasodilation of blood vessels in the brain. It will cause blood vessels in the circle of Willis to collapse. It will cause hyperresponsiveness of blood vessels in the brain.
It will cause vasodilation of blood vessels in the brain. CO2 is one of the metabolic end products that can alter the tone of the blood vessels in the brain. High CO2 levels cause vasodilation, which may cause headache, whereas low CO2 levels cause vasoconstriction, which may cause lightheadedness. The statements included in the other options are incorrect effects.
The nurse notes that a client's arterial blood gas (ABG) results reveal a pH of 7.50 and a Paco2 of 30 mm Hg (30 mm Hg). The nurse monitors the client for which clinical manifestations associated with these ABG results? Select all that apply. Nausea Confusion Bradypnea Tachycardia Hyperkalemia Lightheadedness
Lightheadedness Tachycardia Nausea Confusion
A client returns to the clinic for follow-up treatment following a skin biopsy of a suspicious lesion performed 1 week ago. The biopsy report indicates that the lesion is a melanoma. The nurse understands that melanoma has which characteristics? Select all that apply. 1. Lesion is painful to touch. 2.Lesion is highly metastatic. 3.Lesion is a nevus that has changes in color. 4.Skin under the lesion is reddened and warm to touch. 5.Lesion occurs in body area exposed to outdoor sunlight.
Melanomas are pigmented malignant lesions originating in the melanin-producing cells of the epidermis. Melanomas cause changes in a nevus (mole), including color and borders. This skin cancer is highly metastatic, and a person's survival depends on early diagnosis and treatment. Melanomas are not painful or accompanied by sign of inflammation. Although sun exposure increases the risk of melanoma, lesions are most commonly found on the upper back and legs and on the soles and palms of persons with dark skin.
The nurse is caring for a client who is on a mechanical ventilator. Blood gas results indicate a pH of 7.50 and a Paco2 of 30 mm Hg (30 mm Hg). The nurse has determined that the client is experiencing respiratory alkalosis. Which laboratory value would most likely be noted in this condition? Sodium level of 145 mEq/L (145 mmol/L) Potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L (3.0 mmol/L) Magnesium level of 1.3 mEq/L (0.65 mmol/L) Phosphorus level of 3.0 mg/dL (0.97 mmol/L)
Potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L (3.0 mmol/L) Respiratory alkalosis is defined as a deficit of carbonic acid or a decrease in hydrogen ion concentration that results from the accumulation of base or from a loss of acid without a comparable loss of base in the body fluids. This occurs in conditions that cause overstimulation of the respiratory system. Clinical manifestations of respiratory alkalosis include lethargy, lightheadedness, confusion, tachycardia, dysrhythmias related to hypokalemia, nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, and numbness and tingling of the extremities. All three incorrect options identify normal laboratory values. The correct option identifies the presence of hypokalemia.
The nurse is caring for a client with metabolic alkalosis. The nurse plans care knowing that most problems of metabolic alkalosis are related to increased stimulation of what systems? Select all that apply.The nurse is caring for a client with metabolic alkalosis. The nurse plans care knowing that most problems of metabolic alkalosis are related to increased stimulation of what systems? Select all that apply. Buffer Cardiac Nervous Chemical Respiratory Neuromuscular
Rationale: Most problems of alkalosis are related to increased stimulation of the cardiac, nervous, and neuromuscular systems. Chemical reactions are also called buffer systems and are not related to most problems of alkalosis. The respiratory system is related to respiratory alkalosis and not metabolic alkalosis.
A client has a prescription for a set of arterial blood gas (ABG) samples to be drawn on room air. The client currently is receiving oxygen by nasal cannula at a delivery rate of 3 L/min. After reading the prescription, the nurse should take which action? Remove the nasal cannula for 15 minutes; then have the ABG samples drawn. Change the nasal cannula to a shovel face mask; then have the ABG samples drawn. Leave the nasal cannula in place for 15 minutes; then have the ABG samples drawn. Change the nasal cannula to a Venturi face mask; then have the ABG samples drawn.
Remove the nasal cannula for 15 minutes; then have the ABG samples drawn. The client should have oxygen supplementation removed for at least 15 minutes before ABGs are drawn if the client has a prescription for the ABGs to be drawn on room air. This allows time for the client's system to equilibrate so that the ABG results will accurately reflect ventilatory status without the supplemental oxygen. This prescription may be given when the health care provider is trying to decide whether to discontinue oxygen therapy, and it allows staff to observe how the client tolerates oxygen removal. Therefore, the remaining options are incorrect.
The nurse is caring for a client with several broken ribs. The client is most likely to experience what type of acid-base imbalance?
Respiratory acidosis from inadequate ventilation Respiratory acidosis is most often caused by hypoventilation. The client with broken ribs will have difficulty with breathing adequately and is at risk for hypoventilation and resultant respiratory acidosis. The remaining options are incorrect. Respiratory alkalosis is associated with hyperventilation. There are no data in the question that indicate calcium loss or that the client is taking analgesics containing base products.
The nurse reviews the arterial blood gas results of a client and notes the following: pH 7.45, Paco2 of 30 mm Hg (30 mm Hg), and HCO3- of 20 mEq/L (20 mmol/L). The nurse analyzes these results as indicating which condition? Metabolic acidosis, compensated Respiratory alkalosis, compensated Metabolic alkalosis, uncompensated Respiratory acidosis, uncompensated
Respiratory alkalosis, compensated Rationale: The normal pH is 7.35 to 7.45. In a respiratory condition, an opposite effect will be seen between the pH and the Paco2. In this situation, the pH is at the high end of the normal value and the Pco2 is low. In an alkalotic condition, the pH is elevated. Therefore, the values identified in the question indicate a respiratory alkalosis that is compensated by the kidneys through the renal excretion of bicarbonate. Because the pH has returned to a normal value, compensation has occurred.
A client with no history of respiratory disease is admitted to the hospital with respiratory failure. Which results on the arterial blood gas report that are consistent with this disorder should the nurse expect to note? PaO2 58 mm Hg, PaCO2 32 mm Hg PaO2 60 mm Hg, PaCO2 45 mm Hg PaO2 49 mm Hg, PaCO2 52 mm Hg PaO2 73 mm Hg, PaCO2 62 mm Hg
Respiratory failure is described as a PaO2 of 60 mm Hg or lower and a PaCO2 of 50 mm Hg or higher in a client with no history of respiratory disease. In a client with a history of a respiratory disorder with hypercapnia, increases of 5 mm Hg or more (PaCO2) from the client's baseline are considered diagnostic.
The nurse is caring for a hospitalized client who is retaining carbon dioxide (CO2) because of respiratory disease. The nurse anticipates which physical response will initially occur? The client will lose consciousness. The client's sodium and chloride levels will rise. The client will complain of facial numbness and tingling. The client's arterial blood gas results will reflect acidosis.
The client's arterial blood gas results will reflect acidosis. When the client with respiratory disease retains CO2, a rise in CO2 will occur. This results in a corresponding fall in pH, thus respiratory acidosis. This concept forms the basis for key aspects of acid-base balance. The other options are incorrect and are not associated with this initial physical response.
When caring for a client with an internal radiation implant, the nurse should observe which principles? Select all that apply. 1.Limiting the time with the client to 1 hour per shift 2.Keeping pregnant women out of the client's room 3.Placing the client in a private room with a private bath 4.Wearing a lead shield when providing direct client care 5.Removing the dosimeter film badge when entering the client's room 6.Allowing individuals younger than 16 years old in the room as long as they are 6 feet away from the client
The time that the nurse spends in the room of a client with an internal radiation implant is 30 minutes per 8-hour shift. The client must be placed in a private room with a private bath. Lead shielding can be used to reduce the transmission of radiation. The dosimeter film badge must be worn when in the client's room. Children younger than 16 years of age and pregnant women are not allowed in the client's room.
