Quiz 1

What is the most common sampling technique in behavioral research?

Convenience sampling

When generalizing from a sample to the entire population, representative/probability sampling is critical.

True

You decide to examine ethnic group differences in degree completion at San Diego Mesa College. Your ethnic groups include: European Americans, Asian/Pacific Islanders, African Americans, Hispanic/Chicano/a, Indigenous and multiracial people. You only have research funds to study 3 of the 6 groups. By randomly selecting the 3 ethnic groups and surveying all individuals within that sample, you are using this sampling technique:

cluster

A biased sample consists of too many ________________ cases.

unusual

Your friend Gaby loves reading articles about psychology studies in her monthly women's magazine. Which of the following would you tell her?

"Be careful about reading those articles because they may not present findings accurately."

Research that is done specifically to solve a practical problem, like increasing memory ability or decreasing symptoms of depression, is known as:

applied research.

Which of the following has been used as a defense of animal research by animal researchers?

Animal research has resulted in many benefits to both animals and humans.

RESEARCH STUDY 4.2: Dr. Van Ryan is a social psychologist who is curious about how clothing affects people's perceptions. Specifically, she is curious how women who wear high heels are perceived in the workplace. Does the addition of height make co-workers take them more seriously? Are women who wear high heels seen as less professional? She is considering using an experimental design where some participants are instructed to wear high heels to work for a week and some participants are instructed to wear flat shoes. Each day of the week, Dr. Van Ryan will have the women's employer and co-workers rate how competent and professional the female participant is.After Dr. Van Ryan conducts her study, a colleague accuses Dr. Van Ryan of deleting some of the data that does not match her hypothesis. If this is true, in what type of research misconduct did Dr. Van Ryan engage? Why is this behavior a problem for the science in general?

FALSIFICATION

Which of the following is a reason why it is important to be an effective producer of research?

It is important to be able to synthesize previous research findings.

Which of the following is a reason that a journalist may misrepresent a psychology study in a magazine?

Journalists may not personally have the scientific background to understand the study.

State the three principles of the Belmont Report and explain how the Tuskegee Study violated each of them.

The 3 Principles of the Belmont Report are 1. Respect for persons, 2. Beneficence, and 3. Justice.

Being a producer of research is valuable experience because it prepares you for graduate school & the workforce.

True

All of the following sampling methods are associated with external validity EXCEPT:

self-selected

In the theory-data cycle, theories first lead to _________________.

questions

Ethical decision making done by researchers can change in response to all of the following EXCEPT:

the possibility of additional grant funding.

How can you ensure that a popular media article accurately reflects the original research of a scientific study?

Find and read the original scientific article

The belief that the participants in a research study should be representative of the type of people who would also benefit from the findings of the research stems from which principle of the Belmont Report?

The principle of justice

The sampling technique used influences the accuracy of your estimate of the characteristics of the population.

True

Which of the following is NOT a reason that psychologists might fabricate or falsify their data?

A journal might require it.

RESEARCH STUDY 4.1: Dr. Kushner is planning on conducting a study next semester. He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance. For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr. Kushner is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter REM sleep and then wake them. After the participants are awake for one minute, Dr. Kushner plans to let them return to sleep. As they enter REM sleep again, he will wake them again and follow the same procedure. He plans to do this through the entire eight-hour sleep session. The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test.Upon receiving institutional review board (IRB) approval, Dr. Kushner trusts his graduate student to conduct the study. However, his graduate student does not conduct the study and instead provides Dr. Kushner with invented results that support his hypotheses. This is known as which of the following?

Data fabrication

RESEARCH STUDY 4.1: Dr. Kushner is planning on conducting a study next semester. He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance. For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr. Kushner is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter REM sleep and then wake them. After the participants are awake for one minute, Dr. Kushner plans to let them return to sleep. As they enter REM sleep again, he will wake them again and follow the same procedure. He plans to do this through the entire eight-hour sleep session. The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test.Dr. Kushner plans to use deception in his study and is thinking about a debriefing session. Which of the following is true of the debriefing?

Participants must be told the reasons for the deception.

Dr. Chandler is a personality psychologist who is interested in studying the characteristics of people who report being abducted by UFOs. She finds several people in an online support group for UFO abductees to participate and asks them if they can provide the names and contact information of other people who have also been abducted. Upon contacting these new participants, she asks them to refer her to even more people they may know who have been abducted. This is an example of what kind of sampling?

Snowball sampling

Convenience sampling relies on which of the following?

Studying people who are easy to find