Quiz #1 Physiology

If a solution contains 0.1 M glucose along with 0.15 M NaCl, what is the osmolarity of this solution? Select one: a. 0.25 M b. 400 mOsm c. 250 mOsm d. 350 mOsm e. 0.4 M

b. 400 mOsm

If a channel is lined with amino acids that have a net positive charge, which of the following ions is/are likely to move freely through the channel? Select one: a. Na+ b. Cl- c. K+ d. Ca++

b. Cl-

The first step of the Na+/K+ pump's activity involves the binding of: Select one: a. 3 Na+ from the inside of the cell b. 2 K+ from the inside of the cell c. 3 Na+ from the outside of the cell d. 2 K+ from the outside of the cell e. 3 Na+ and 2 K+ at the same time to their respective binding sites

a. 3 Na+ from the inside of the cell

Oxygen diffuses from blood into cells down its concentration gradient. As cells become more active and oxidative phosphorylation increases in the cell, which of the following occurs? Select one: a. The concentration gradient for oxygen increases and oxygen movement into the cell increases. b. The concentration gradient for oxygen decreases and oxygen movement into the cell decreases. c. The concentration gradient for oxygen decreases and oxygen movement into the cell increases. d. The concentration gradient for oxygen increases and oxygen movement into the cell decreases. e. The concentration gradient for oxygen and its rate of movement into the cell do not change.

a. The concentration gradient for oxygen increases and oxygen movement into the cell increases.

Which type of cell junction allows direct movement of substances from the cytoplasm of one cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell? Select one: a. gap junctions b. desmosomes c. fusion junctions d. tight junctions e. more than one of the above is correct

a. gap junctions

Which of the following is found in greater concentration inside the cell than outside? Select one: a. potassium b. water c. sodium d. both potassium and water

a. potassium

When a solute is actively transported across epithelium, which of the following would most probably happen? Select one: a. water will move in the same direction b. water will move in the opposite direction c. the solute will be passively transported in the opposite direction d. the solute will be actively transported in the opposite direction e. the solute will be passively transported in the same direction

a. water will move in the same direction

Clinically, one can monitor homeostasis of various substances such as ions, blood gases, and organic solutes by taking a blood sample and analyzing its plasma. Does knowing a patient's plasma concentration of Na+ tell you its concentration in the ECF and ICF? Select one: a. You would know the concentration of Na+ in the ICF but not the ECF. b. You would know the concentration of Na+ in the ECF but not the ICF. c. You would know the concentration of Na+ in both the ECF and ICF. d. You would not know the concentration of Na+ in either the ECF or ICF.

b. You would know the concentration of Na+ in the ECF but not the ICF.

In completing the phases of glucose catabolism, leading ultimately to ATP, the carbons which start the reaction as part of the glucose molecule actually end up: Select one: a. as ATP b. as carbon dioxide c. as NADH d. as fats e. as citric acid

b. as carbon dioxide

Which of the following pairs of characteristics is more likely to make a substance diffuse through the cell membrane? Select one: a. molecule being large and polar b. molecule being small and nonpolar c. molecule being large and nonpolar d. molecule being large and amphipathic e. molecule being small and polar

b. molecule being small and nonpolar

What feedback continually enhances the output, so that the regulated variable continues to be moved in the direction of the initial change? Select one: a. negative b. positive c. endocrine d. exocrine e. feedforward

b. positive

When you first get an infection, you get the "chills" because: Select one: a. the body is trying to cool down b. the body is trying to increase temperature

b. the body is trying to increase temperature

One way that membrane surface area is increased in absorptive cells is through increasing the ___________ of the luminal membrane. Select one: a. thickness b. number of protein channels c. folding d. number of receptors e. number of protein carriers

c. folding

Which of the following has the greatest amount of energy? Select one: a. FADH2 b. ADP c. glucose d. ATP e. NADH

c. glucose

In active transport, the affinity of the carrier protein for the molecule being transported is greater on which side of the membrane? Select one: a. always the side facing the intracellular fluid b. always the side facing the extracellular fluid c. on the side where the molecule is in lower concentration d. on the side where the molecule is in greater concentration e. Neither; it is equal on both sides of the membrane

c. on the side where the molecule is in lower concentration

The net energy yield for the anaerobic metabolism of one glucose to lactate molecules is: Select one: a. 2 molecules of ATP and 2 NADH b. 2 molecules of NADH and 0 ATP c. 36-38 molecules of ATP and 0 NADH d. 2 molecules of ATP and 0 NADH e. 2 molecules of ATP and 3 NADH

d. 2 molecules of ATP and 0 NADH

Which of the following descriptions INCORRECTLY describes the tissue type? Select one: a. Muscle tissue is specialized for contraction and generating force. b. Epithelial tissue lines the inner surface of tubular structures in the body. c. Nerve tissue is specialized for the transmission of electrical impulses. d. Connective tissue is specialized for exchange between the internal and external environments. e. Epithelial tissue contains cells which are held together along their lateral surfaces by tight junctions.

d. Connective tissue is specialized for exchange between the internal and external environments.

What is the main difference between primary and secondary active transport? Select one: a. the location of the binding sites b. the direction that molecules are being moved across the membrane c. one uses energy whereas the other requires no energy d. the form of energy used to move molecules across the membrane e. the molecules that are transported access the binding sites differently

d. the form of energy used to move molecules across the membrane

A carrier protein is a transmembrane protein that moves molecules across the membrane through: Select one: a. small gaps in the fluid portion of the membrane b. a lipid-filled pore c. a water-filled pore d. opening its gate and allowing molecules through e. conformational changes in the carrier protein

e. conformational changes in the carrier protein

Peripheral thermoreceptors monitor: Select one: a. core body temperature b. blood temperature c. temperature in the heart d. temperature in the hypothalamus e. skin temperature

e. skin temperature