Quiz 15 Excavations

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True

Type C soil cannot be benched

True

Type C soil is the least stable soil

True

A 10-foot column of dirt could weigh up to 1,200 pounds

Manufacturer

Any modifications to shields must be approved by the

False

FIre is not considered a hazard associated with excavations

True

Shields may be used in combination with benching and shoring

True

A competent person is capable of identify existing and predictable hazards in surrounding or working conditions that are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and has authorization to take prompt corrective measures

All of the above

A condition that contributes to a serious hazard during excavation operations includes

Trench

A narrow underground excavation that is deeper than it is wide and no wider than 15 feet (4.5 meters) is called a

Competent person

A(n) _______ is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in surroundings or working conditions that are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and has authorization to take prompt corrective measures

20

All excavations over ______ feet in depth must be designed by a registered professional engineer

annual inspections by a competent person

All of the following are OSHA's most cited violations in excavations, except

True

Before excavation work can begin, it is necessary to determine the location of the utilities underground

False

Benching is allowed in Type C soil

True

Cave-ins pose the greatest risk and are much more likely than other excavation-related accidents to result in worker fatalities

Once per shift

Hydraulic shoring must be checked at least ______ for leaking hoses and/or cylinders, broken connections, cracked nipples, bent bases, or any other damaged or defective parts

False

Hydraulic shoring must be checked weekly for defective parts

A professional engineer

If it is determined to be unsuitable, all equipment must be removed from service until _______ approves it for use

True

Inspections must be made by a competent person after rainstorms and any other hazard-increasing occurrence.

False

It is permissible to enter an excavation to get a soil sample

120 lbs per cubic foot : Moist soil 85 lbs per cubic foot : Dry soil

Match the correct weight to the appropriate type of soil

Granular cohesion-less soils including angular gravel (similar to crushed rock), silt, silt loam, sandy loam, and, in some cases, silty clay loam and sandy clay : Type B This is the most stable soil type : Type A Cohesive soil with unconfined compressive strength of 0.5 tsf (48 kPa) or less : Type C A natural solid mineral matter that can be excavated with vertical sides and remain intact while exposed : Stable rock

Match the following definitions to the appropriate soil types

A technique that employs a specific angle of incline on the sides of the excavation : Sloping A structure that supports that sides of an excavation and protects against cave-ins : Shoring

Match the following definitions to their related statements as described in the Definitions section of this lesson.

Stable Rock : Vertical (90 degrees) Type A : 3/4:1 (53 degrees) Type B : 1:1 (45 degrees) Type C : 1 1/2:1 (34 degrees)

Match the following soil types to their maximum allowable slopes

The basic types of shoring : Timber and aluminum shoring Provides a critical safety advantage because workers do not have to enter the trench to install them : Aluminum hydraulic shoring This is the more expensive and difficult method of shoring : Timber shoring A structure that supports the sides of an excavation and which is designed to prevent cave-ins : Shoring

Match the following terms to their related statements

When creating a hazard to employees, these must be removed or supported as necessary to safeguard employees working in the area : Surface encumbrances Before excavation work can begin, it is necessary to determiine the location of these by safe and acceptable means : Underground utilities These must be designed by a competent person : Structural ramps and runways Employees exposed to this must be provded with high visibility and reflective vests or other suitable garments : Vehicular traffic

Matching the following items to their related statements

Professional engineer : This person approves the determination that the excavation poses no threat to adjacent structures or employees Competent person : All equipment and employees must be montiored by this person when water is accumulating

Math the following responsibilities to the related persons

5 to 15

Most accidents occur in trenches _____ feet deep

All of the above

OSHA requires that all excavations in which employees could potentially be exposed to cave-ins be protected by

False

Protective systems are selected and constructed by the employer, who is free to choose any design, regardless of required performance critieria

True

Sloping or benching for excavations greater than 20 feet deep must be designed by a registered professional engineer

All of the above

Soil cannot be Type A if it is:

2

Spoils and equipment must be set at least _____ feet back from the excavation.

True

Structural ramps and runways must be designed by a competent person

False

Structural ramps and runways must be designed by a qualified person

True

The primary types of protective systems are sloping, benching, shoring, and shielding

Maximum allowable slope

The steepest incline of an excavation face that is acceptable for the most favorable site conditions as protection against cave-ins and is express as the ratio of horizontal distance to vertical rise is called

False

Walkways over excavations must conform to OSHA standards with guardrails over 12 feet.

Both a) and b)

Which of the following is required for protective system equipment?

Type C

What type of soil cannot be benched

4

Where oxygen deficiency (atmospheres containing less than 19.5% oxygen) exists or could reasonable be expected to exist, the atmospheres in the excavation must be tested before employees enter excavations great than ______ in depth

All of the above

Which of the following are OSHA standards for excavations?

Cave-ins

______ are the deadliest excavation hazards


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