Quiz 2

Associative or Casual hypothesis: There is a relationship between the amount of self-esteem and the adherence to a diabetic diet in adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Associative

What is zero of the 7 steps of EBP (it was underlined in ppt)

Cultivate a spirit of inquiry within an EBP culture and environment

As people age, blood pressure measurements normally increase. This is an example of what type of relationship in a hypothesis? a. non directional relationship b. casual relationship c. complex relationship d. associative relationship

D

Step 1: scientific literature publication cycle

Develop and discuss ideas to begin prelim research through raw data reports, grant proposals, and conference papers

True or False: There are no difference between research questions and EBP questions.

False

True or false: Variables cannot be derived from abstract concepts

False

Quantitative design: non-experimental

No intervention -Descriptive -Correlational -Survey -Retrospective -Case-control

PICOT: What does O stand for

Outcome

True or false: Variables can be empirical

True

Define variable

anything that varies between people/objects

Indicate which of the following terms best describes (select all that apply) There is no relationship between seat belt use and head injury in auto accidents. a. associative b. casual c. simple d. complex e. directional f. non directional g. null h. research i. research question

c. simple g. null

Associative or Casual hypothesis The use of ice decreases pain level perceived by patient

casual

True or False: A research can use broad & vague questions in their question

false

A(n) ______ has a narrow scope, providing a bridge from grand theory to a testable theory

middle range nursing theory

Three main components of True Experimental research design

-Randomization -Control group -intervention

Name the types of quantitative research designs

-True experimental (Randomized Controlled Trial, intervention) -Quasi-experimental -Non experimental (No intervention: descriptive, correlational, survey, retrospective, case control)

Four ways hypotheses can be categorized

-associated vs casual -simple vs complex -nondirectional vs directional -null vs research

Examples of primary sources in research

-journal articles -book chapters -dissertations -conference proceedings written by ppl involved in original research

3 categories of evidence in literature

1. primary or secondary 2. peer reviewed or not peer reviewed 3. scholarly, trade or popular

Healthy People 2020 has what purpose with regards to healthcare delivery in the US a. It prioritizes ways to improve health and the health care of the nation for a 10 year time span b. it prioritizes ways to incorporate EBP and nursing research into all aspects of healthcare delivery c. it determines health concerns that impact the general public d. it identifies major health problems and establishes national research priorities

A

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) has what purpose? Select all that apply a. to improve delivery and coordination of primary care b. to ensure high-quality, safe and effective care c. to ensure efficient clinical prevention and chronic disease care d. to improve healthcare educational requirements

A B C

Which of the following demonstrate the importance of nurses gaining an understanding of existing research on a specific topic? Select all that apply: a. reading existing research helps nurses understand current knowledge about the topic b. reading existing research helps nurses identify gaps about what is known c. reading existing research helps nurses maintain traditional interventions d. reading existing research helps nurses recognize research problems

A B D

Associative or Casual hypothesis There is a relationship between use of ice and pain level perceived by patient

Associative

When the nurse is narrowing a research focus and determining a research topic it is important to consider which of the following? a. the guiding research theory, ensuring that the theory is well aligned with the research focus and topic b. the historical significance of the research, ensuring that it will have an impact on all aspects of care c. the clinical significance of the research, ensuring that it adds to the body of nursing knowledge d. the importance of the research on potential future research and how current research will be affected by future research

C

Associative or Casual hypothesis: Increased amounts of self-esteem increase adherence to a diabetic diet in adolescents with type 1

Casual

Dependent or independent variable: The effect, the outcome

Dependent variable

non-directional or directional hypothesis: Increased amounts of self-esteem increase adherence to a diabetic diet in adolescents with type of diabetes

Directional

True or False: Secondary resources are often written by those involved in the original work

False

Hypothesis

Formal statement regarding the expected relationship (or effect) between two or more variables in a specific population

Simple hypothesis

Hypothesis includes only 1 dependent variable and 1 independent variable

Identify the variables IV/DV: A nurse is interested in the effect of alcohol skin preparation before insulin administration on the incidence of local and systemic infection

Independent: alcohol skin prep Dependent: Infection rate

PICOT: What does I stand for

Intervention or interest area

What are the PICOT in this statement: A depressed adolescents, how does Prozac compared to Zoloft affect depressive symptoms 3 months after starting treatment?

P: adolescents I: Prozac C: Zoloft O: depressive symptoms T: 3 months

What are the PICOT in this statement: In hospitalized children, how does double checking pediatric medications with a second nurse compared to not double checking affect medication errors during a 30 day time period?

P: children I: 2nd nurse C: not double checking O: medication errors T: 30 day time period

Step 3: scientific literature publication cycle

Papers are accepted by editors of scholarly journals and indexed in lit indexes and databases

Step 4: scientific literature publication cycle

Papers move into a less professional publication format, such as reviews or mags. They are summarized or complied with other like-topic papers to be searched for by a general audience

PICOT: What does P stand for

Patient population

Qualitative or Quantitative research: Hypothesis' are only used in this

Quantitative research

Quantitative design: Quasi-experimental

Randomization, control group or intervention is missing

Quantitative research: True experimental

Randomized controlled trial

Step 2: scientific literature publication cycle

Researchers prepare findings and presentations for the publication of a professional, scholarly paper

Simple or complex hypothesis Ice influences pain level perceived by patient

Simple

Step 5: scientific literature publication cycle

The most noteworthy info from the paper may be cited in textbooks or ref materials

PICOT: What does T stand for

Time (if revelant)

True or False: Research problems can be identified by a nurse through providing care.

True

True or False: The PICOT model is useful when considering EBP questions.

True

True or False: The study hypothesis is defined as: formal statements regarding the expected or predicted relationship between two or more variables in a specific population

True

True or false: The standard of care of alternate interventions can be used as comparisons of interest in the PICOT model.

True

True or false: Hypotheses can fit into more than one hypotheses category

True

Which ethical issues are associated with the development of research questions? (Select all that apply) a) Limited resources b) Respecting human rights c) Interests of the researcher d) Patient preferences

a b c d

Define indexes

a listing of electronic or print resources

What is the scientific literature publication cycle

a model describing how research becomes disseminated in publications

Null hypothesis (statistical / Ho)

a proposition that there is NO relationship between the variables or NO effect independent variable on dependent variable

Define Research hypothesis (H1)

a researcher's assumption; a proposition that the relationship/interaction between two or more variables exists

define pilot study

a smaller scale study (before larger study) to test recruitment, measures, retention, etc

Associative hypothesis

a statement about possible relationships between dependent and independent variable.

define case studies

a study of one unique event/patient

Which of the following can be used to identify researchable problems (select all the apply) a. Current nursing theories b. personal clinical experiences c. philosophical questions d. national initiatives

a. Current nursing theories b. Personal clinical experiences d. national initiatives

Define research problem

area of concern when there is a gap in knowledge that requires a solution or explanation in order to improve pt's heath and nursing practice; a problem that affects a large number of ppl (e.g., obestiy)

Indicate which of the following terms best describes:(select all that apply) Age, number of medical diagnoses, and number of medications affect the incidence of falls in older adults a. associative b. casual c. simple d. complex e. directional f. non directional g. null h. research i. research question

b. Casual d. complex f. no directional h. research

A nurse researcher understands that a mediator accounts for how or why two ____ are strongly associated. a. studies b. theories c. variables d. hypotheses

c

In an article, a nurse reads the following statement: This study aims to examine the effect of guided imagery on postoperative pain in adults. This statement is an example of a: A. Problem statement B. Research question C. Purpose statement D. Hypothesis

c. Purpose statement

Define secondary resources

commentaries, summaries, reviews, or interpretations of primary sources; often written by those NOT involved in the original work

PICOT: What does C stand for

comparison intervention or group

Simple or complex Increased amounts of self-esteem increase adherence to a diabetic diet and insulin admin in adolescents with type 1

complex

Simple or complex hypothesis: Ice and elevation influence pain level perceived by patient

complex

Directional hypothesis

describes the direction of a relationship between two or more variables

non-directional or directional hypothesis: Ice and elevation reduce/increase pain level

directional

Directly or indirectly measured: Weight, height, BP, pulse, lighting, noise, education

directly

Purpose of nursing research...

generate new knowledge

Complex hypothesis

hypothesis includes 3 or more variables either independent variable or dependent variable

Indicate which of the following terms best describes:(select all that apply) Does consuming one glass of red wine daily reduce the incidence of heart disease in middle-aged men? a. associative b. casual c. simple d. complex e. directional f. non directional g. null h. research i. research question

i. research question

Dependent or independent variable: variable that influences the outcome; the intervention or the cause

independent variable

Define purpose statement

indicates the aim/goal of the study

Directly or indirectly measured: depression, anxiety, grief, sorrow, PTSD

indirectly

Confounding/extraneous variable

interferes with the relationship between IV and DV (Example: lifestyle, exercise)

define research question

interrogatory specific question describing variables and population of the research study

Can you prove that a hypothesis is true or false?

no, they are only supported or not supported

non-directional or directional hypothesis: Ice and elevation influence pain level

non directional

non-directional or directional hypothesis: There is an association between the amount of self-esteem and adherence to a diabetic diet in adolescents with type 1

non directional

null or research hypothesis: Ice and elevation have no effect on pain level perceived by patient

null

null or research hypothesis: There is no relationship between the amount of self-esteem and adherence to a diabetic diet in adolescents with type 1

null

define primary sources

original information by the person/people responsible for creating it

A formal statement describing the problem addressed in the study

problem statement

The hypothesis is derived from...

problem statement or research question

What is discussed in research problem section

provides info as to WHY this research is important and what problem a researcher is trying to solve

a statement indicating the aim of the study

purpose

null or research hypothesis: Increase amounts of self-esteem increase adherence to a diabetic diet in adolescent with type 1

research

The purpose statement is derived from...

research problem

Where does the research question come from?

research problem and purpose of the study

What is also know as Introduction, Background or Literature review?

research problem section

an interrogatory statement describing the variables and population of the research study

research question

Simple or complex Increased amounts of self-esteem increase adherence to a diabetic diet in adolescents with type 1

simple

Causal hypothesis

statement about the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable; assuming that independent variable causes the presence of change in dependent variable

Non-directional hypothesis

statement of the relationship between the variables that does not predict the direction of the relationship

define replication study

study that is repeating another study (conducted before), with the same methods and variables

Purpose of EBP

to make decisions about patient care based on the best current evidence

True or false: A hypothesis must by empirically testable

true

Define independent variable

variable that is manipulated (or observed in non-experimental research) by the researcher to determine the effect of it on another variable

Define dependent variable

variable that is measured for the change after intervention/treatment applied