Quiz 2
Associative or Casual hypothesis: There is a relationship between the amount of self-esteem and the adherence to a diabetic diet in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Associative
What is zero of the 7 steps of EBP (it was underlined in ppt)
Cultivate a spirit of inquiry within an EBP culture and environment
As people age, blood pressure measurements normally increase. This is an example of what type of relationship in a hypothesis? a. non directional relationship b. casual relationship c. complex relationship d. associative relationship
D
Step 1: scientific literature publication cycle
Develop and discuss ideas to begin prelim research through raw data reports, grant proposals, and conference papers
True or False: There are no difference between research questions and EBP questions.
False
True or false: Variables cannot be derived from abstract concepts
False
Quantitative design: non-experimental
No intervention -Descriptive -Correlational -Survey -Retrospective -Case-control
PICOT: What does O stand for
Outcome
True or false: Variables can be empirical
True
Define variable
anything that varies between people/objects
Indicate which of the following terms best describes (select all that apply) There is no relationship between seat belt use and head injury in auto accidents. a. associative b. casual c. simple d. complex e. directional f. non directional g. null h. research i. research question
c. simple g. null
Associative or Casual hypothesis The use of ice decreases pain level perceived by patient
casual
True or False: A research can use broad & vague questions in their question
false
A(n) ______ has a narrow scope, providing a bridge from grand theory to a testable theory
middle range nursing theory
Three main components of True Experimental research design
-Randomization -Control group -intervention
Name the types of quantitative research designs
-True experimental (Randomized Controlled Trial, intervention) -Quasi-experimental -Non experimental (No intervention: descriptive, correlational, survey, retrospective, case control)
Four ways hypotheses can be categorized
-associated vs casual -simple vs complex -nondirectional vs directional -null vs research
Examples of primary sources in research
-journal articles -book chapters -dissertations -conference proceedings written by ppl involved in original research
3 categories of evidence in literature
1. primary or secondary 2. peer reviewed or not peer reviewed 3. scholarly, trade or popular
Healthy People 2020 has what purpose with regards to healthcare delivery in the US a. It prioritizes ways to improve health and the health care of the nation for a 10 year time span b. it prioritizes ways to incorporate EBP and nursing research into all aspects of healthcare delivery c. it determines health concerns that impact the general public d. it identifies major health problems and establishes national research priorities
A
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) has what purpose? Select all that apply a. to improve delivery and coordination of primary care b. to ensure high-quality, safe and effective care c. to ensure efficient clinical prevention and chronic disease care d. to improve healthcare educational requirements
A B C
Which of the following demonstrate the importance of nurses gaining an understanding of existing research on a specific topic? Select all that apply: a. reading existing research helps nurses understand current knowledge about the topic b. reading existing research helps nurses identify gaps about what is known c. reading existing research helps nurses maintain traditional interventions d. reading existing research helps nurses recognize research problems
A B D
Associative or Casual hypothesis There is a relationship between use of ice and pain level perceived by patient
Associative
When the nurse is narrowing a research focus and determining a research topic it is important to consider which of the following? a. the guiding research theory, ensuring that the theory is well aligned with the research focus and topic b. the historical significance of the research, ensuring that it will have an impact on all aspects of care c. the clinical significance of the research, ensuring that it adds to the body of nursing knowledge d. the importance of the research on potential future research and how current research will be affected by future research
C
Associative or Casual hypothesis: Increased amounts of self-esteem increase adherence to a diabetic diet in adolescents with type 1
Casual
Dependent or independent variable: The effect, the outcome
Dependent variable
non-directional or directional hypothesis: Increased amounts of self-esteem increase adherence to a diabetic diet in adolescents with type of diabetes
Directional
True or False: Secondary resources are often written by those involved in the original work
False
Hypothesis
Formal statement regarding the expected relationship (or effect) between two or more variables in a specific population
Simple hypothesis
Hypothesis includes only 1 dependent variable and 1 independent variable
Identify the variables IV/DV: A nurse is interested in the effect of alcohol skin preparation before insulin administration on the incidence of local and systemic infection
Independent: alcohol skin prep Dependent: Infection rate
PICOT: What does I stand for
Intervention or interest area
What are the PICOT in this statement: A depressed adolescents, how does Prozac compared to Zoloft affect depressive symptoms 3 months after starting treatment?
P: adolescents I: Prozac C: Zoloft O: depressive symptoms T: 3 months
What are the PICOT in this statement: In hospitalized children, how does double checking pediatric medications with a second nurse compared to not double checking affect medication errors during a 30 day time period?
P: children I: 2nd nurse C: not double checking O: medication errors T: 30 day time period
Step 3: scientific literature publication cycle
Papers are accepted by editors of scholarly journals and indexed in lit indexes and databases
Step 4: scientific literature publication cycle
Papers move into a less professional publication format, such as reviews or mags. They are summarized or complied with other like-topic papers to be searched for by a general audience
PICOT: What does P stand for
Patient population
Qualitative or Quantitative research: Hypothesis' are only used in this
Quantitative research
Quantitative design: Quasi-experimental
Randomization, control group or intervention is missing
Quantitative research: True experimental
Randomized controlled trial
Step 2: scientific literature publication cycle
Researchers prepare findings and presentations for the publication of a professional, scholarly paper
Simple or complex hypothesis Ice influences pain level perceived by patient
Simple
Step 5: scientific literature publication cycle
The most noteworthy info from the paper may be cited in textbooks or ref materials
PICOT: What does T stand for
Time (if revelant)
True or False: Research problems can be identified by a nurse through providing care.
True
True or False: The PICOT model is useful when considering EBP questions.
True
True or False: The study hypothesis is defined as: formal statements regarding the expected or predicted relationship between two or more variables in a specific population
True
True or false: The standard of care of alternate interventions can be used as comparisons of interest in the PICOT model.
True
True or false: Hypotheses can fit into more than one hypotheses category
True
Which ethical issues are associated with the development of research questions? (Select all that apply) a) Limited resources b) Respecting human rights c) Interests of the researcher d) Patient preferences
a b c d
Define indexes
a listing of electronic or print resources
What is the scientific literature publication cycle
a model describing how research becomes disseminated in publications
Null hypothesis (statistical / Ho)
a proposition that there is NO relationship between the variables or NO effect independent variable on dependent variable
Define Research hypothesis (H1)
a researcher's assumption; a proposition that the relationship/interaction between two or more variables exists
define pilot study
a smaller scale study (before larger study) to test recruitment, measures, retention, etc
Associative hypothesis
a statement about possible relationships between dependent and independent variable.
define case studies
a study of one unique event/patient
Which of the following can be used to identify researchable problems (select all the apply) a. Current nursing theories b. personal clinical experiences c. philosophical questions d. national initiatives
a. Current nursing theories b. Personal clinical experiences d. national initiatives
Define research problem
area of concern when there is a gap in knowledge that requires a solution or explanation in order to improve pt's heath and nursing practice; a problem that affects a large number of ppl (e.g., obestiy)
Indicate which of the following terms best describes:(select all that apply) Age, number of medical diagnoses, and number of medications affect the incidence of falls in older adults a. associative b. casual c. simple d. complex e. directional f. non directional g. null h. research i. research question
b. Casual d. complex f. no directional h. research
A nurse researcher understands that a mediator accounts for how or why two ____ are strongly associated. a. studies b. theories c. variables d. hypotheses
c
In an article, a nurse reads the following statement: This study aims to examine the effect of guided imagery on postoperative pain in adults. This statement is an example of a: A. Problem statement B. Research question C. Purpose statement D. Hypothesis
c. Purpose statement
Define secondary resources
commentaries, summaries, reviews, or interpretations of primary sources; often written by those NOT involved in the original work
PICOT: What does C stand for
comparison intervention or group
Simple or complex Increased amounts of self-esteem increase adherence to a diabetic diet and insulin admin in adolescents with type 1
complex
Simple or complex hypothesis: Ice and elevation influence pain level perceived by patient
complex
Directional hypothesis
describes the direction of a relationship between two or more variables
non-directional or directional hypothesis: Ice and elevation reduce/increase pain level
directional
Directly or indirectly measured: Weight, height, BP, pulse, lighting, noise, education
directly
Purpose of nursing research...
generate new knowledge
Complex hypothesis
hypothesis includes 3 or more variables either independent variable or dependent variable
Indicate which of the following terms best describes:(select all that apply) Does consuming one glass of red wine daily reduce the incidence of heart disease in middle-aged men? a. associative b. casual c. simple d. complex e. directional f. non directional g. null h. research i. research question
i. research question
Dependent or independent variable: variable that influences the outcome; the intervention or the cause
independent variable
Define purpose statement
indicates the aim/goal of the study
Directly or indirectly measured: depression, anxiety, grief, sorrow, PTSD
indirectly
Confounding/extraneous variable
interferes with the relationship between IV and DV (Example: lifestyle, exercise)
define research question
interrogatory specific question describing variables and population of the research study
Can you prove that a hypothesis is true or false?
no, they are only supported or not supported
non-directional or directional hypothesis: Ice and elevation influence pain level
non directional
non-directional or directional hypothesis: There is an association between the amount of self-esteem and adherence to a diabetic diet in adolescents with type 1
non directional
null or research hypothesis: Ice and elevation have no effect on pain level perceived by patient
null
null or research hypothesis: There is no relationship between the amount of self-esteem and adherence to a diabetic diet in adolescents with type 1
null
define primary sources
original information by the person/people responsible for creating it
A formal statement describing the problem addressed in the study
problem statement
The hypothesis is derived from...
problem statement or research question
What is discussed in research problem section
provides info as to WHY this research is important and what problem a researcher is trying to solve
a statement indicating the aim of the study
purpose
null or research hypothesis: Increase amounts of self-esteem increase adherence to a diabetic diet in adolescent with type 1
research
The purpose statement is derived from...
research problem
Where does the research question come from?
research problem and purpose of the study
What is also know as Introduction, Background or Literature review?
research problem section
an interrogatory statement describing the variables and population of the research study
research question
Simple or complex Increased amounts of self-esteem increase adherence to a diabetic diet in adolescents with type 1
simple
Causal hypothesis
statement about the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable; assuming that independent variable causes the presence of change in dependent variable
Non-directional hypothesis
statement of the relationship between the variables that does not predict the direction of the relationship
define replication study
study that is repeating another study (conducted before), with the same methods and variables
Purpose of EBP
to make decisions about patient care based on the best current evidence
True or false: A hypothesis must by empirically testable
true
Define independent variable
variable that is manipulated (or observed in non-experimental research) by the researcher to determine the effect of it on another variable
Define dependent variable
variable that is measured for the change after intervention/treatment applied