Quiz 2: Memory

What can you expect your short-term memory to do?

- chunk information - remember only the first and end of long lists - remember the current score of a tennis game

Select all the things the prefrontal cortex helps you to do.

- delay gratification - understand future consequences - determine small from large - control urges - work toward a goal

Encoding

The process of placing information into the mind

Strokes and Alzheimer's disease are serious conditions because _____.

both conditions often result in severe memory loss

Psychologists have the most concern about recovered memories when they involve _____.

sexual abuse

Patricia bikes to school, but along the way she wonders when she "just knew" how to ride a bike. What type of learning is this?

Incidental

_____ is the biggest reason you forget information.

Interference

What is the purpose of encoding?

To acquire information into the brain

Scuba divers who remember words above or below water

Context dependence

Intentional learning

Deliberately placing information into your mind

Retrieving information is the same as intentional learning.

False

Chunking

Grouping items into smaller segments

H.M.'s operation on the hippocampus showed that _____.

All but A (damage to that brain area results in amnesia, long-term memory is severely affected, short-term memory doesn't work well either)

How is the rule of seven useful?

All of the above (You can section a long list into just seven items each, for better memory, you can remember to not give too much information, since people don't remember much past seven items, you can memorize the seven pieces of information more quickly)

Overlearning is _____.

All of the above (a method for improving your memory, immediately available for recall, an elaborate process that involves practice, memorization, recitation and rehearsal)

(818) 662-4254

An example of chunking

Interference

Anything that inhibits your brain's ability to remember

What is a similarity between incidental and intentional learning?

Both bring knowledge into your brain.

After recovering from a motorcycle accident, Manuel finds he has difficulty remembering events prior to the accident. What type of memory loss is Manuel experiencing?

Choices A and C (retrograde amnesia, long-term memory)

Retrograde amnesia

Inability to remember events that happened prior to the brain injury

Jason fought in the war in Iraq and witnessed some horrific sights. When he got home from the war, Jason didn't seem to remember these shocking events anymore. What happened?

Jason probably has repressed the memories.

Intentional learning

Memorizing foreign language words or phrases

Mnemonic device

Memory trick to give you cues and aid your ability to retrieve information

Repression

Moving difficult information from the conscious to the unconscious mind

How do semantic and episodic memories differ?

One remembers general ideas, and the other remembers specific events.

Hippocampus

Part of the brain that aids long-term memory

What can you learn from the scuba divers who remembered certain words better either above or below water?

People remember information best when they're in the original place where they learned it.

Long-term memory

Permanent storage of information

Recovered memory

Remembering long-forgotten memories with someone's help

Primacy-Recency Effect

Remembering the words at the start and end of a list

Wang stares into the sky and notices the clouds are fluffy white. What is this an example of?

Surface processing

George Sperling

Tested people's sensory (iconic) memory

Semantic memory

The memory of your middle school experience

Episodic memory

The day you skipped school and got caught