Quiz 2 Review

_________ came to play a leading role in Enlightenment discourse and thought. a) Politics b) Science c) Religion d) Liberty

a

The increased consumption of reading materials of all sorts was one of the key features of the _____________________ Enlightenment. a) social b) religious thought modified by the c) scientific advancements developed during the d) political philosophies developed during the

a

The Treaties of Paris and Fontainebleau formally recognized the surrender of territory in North America that included __________ from France to _____________. a) Canada | Russia b) Louisiana | Spain c) Manila | Portugal d) Jamaica | Spain

b

Which of the following were techniques used by Ambroise Pare for the treatment of wounds? a) Design of a chair with wheels - a prototype of a modern wheelchair. b) Ligatures of arteries for amputated limbs c) An anesthetic to render a patient unconscious during surgery d) Sealing wounds with honey, spider webs and moss.

b

Adam Smith published _______________ often considered the first work on modern economics. a) Reflections on the Formation and Distribution of Wealth b) The Economic Transactions of Modern Europe c) The Wealth of Nations d) The Wealth of Europe in the Age of Discovery

c

Catherine the Great's reforms were ultimately fell short of her intentions by which of these considerations? a) the vastness of Russia b) the need to placate the nobility c) the expense of war with Austria d) a number of religious uprisings

b

Maria Theresa sent her foreign policy to France to secure an Alliance to enable her as Austria's monarch to ______________. a) support her claim to become Empress of the Holy Roman Empire b) reclaim Silesia c) gain their support to invade Northern Italy and Corsica d) prevent Prussia from invading Bavaria

b

How was Columbus received upon returning to Spain after his first voyage to the Americas? a) As a hero; he displayed his findings of the trip to the Spanish court b) The court received him with annoyance, as Columbus had promised to return with more riches c) He was arrested and supplanted from his post of Viceroy and Governor of the Indies d) He was brought before the King for not maintaining friendly relations with natives of South America

a

Of the following achievements, which are attributed to physicist Isaac Newton? a) Establishing a clear distinction between "natural philosophy" and "physical science" b) Developed the analytic method improving upon the work of Ptolemy c) Established a formula to make gold from lead d) Composing a set of six rules for scientific experiments stated in his Principia

a

Russia made what great invisible gain from the outcome of the Seven Years' War a) Elimination of French influence in Poland. b) Its claim on territory in North America over the Spanish and French. c) Retreat of Austria from Italy and the Balkans. d) A treaty with Great Britain recognizing claims to territory in Northern India.

a

The subject matter of Rococo-style paintings, with scenes of leisure, romance, and seduction, led to a feeling of hostility toward the ________. a) political and social elites of the Old Regime b) nobles at court c) monarchy d) peasantry

a

What was reaffirmed during the Scientific Revolution as being integral to the scientific method? a) Experimentation and empiricism b) Typing up all scientific notes at the end of the day c) Getting church approval of scientific work d) Working in groups of 10 scientists

a

What was remarkable about Marco Polo's travels across Eurasia by land? a) He was the first European to leave a detailed record of his voyage and introduce Europe to Asia b) He created a description of the world and a world map called the Tabula Rogeriana c) He was the first European to sail from China to Japan. d) He helped with the Pax Mongolica, a treaty permitting trade and travel across Eurasia

a

William Harvey is an English physician known for ________________________. a) his contributions in heart and blood movement, including quantifying blood flow in the body b) developing an understanding of joints and movement c) his studies of the brain and neuroscience d) understanding lungs and respiration in the human body

a

Written by Voltaire, ________ traced the progress of world civilization in a universal context, thereby rejecting both nationalism and the traditional Christian frame of Reference. a) Letters on the English b) Candide c) Optimism d) The Essay

a

Copernicus was the astronomer credited with founding the field of modern astronomy. However, why might he NOT be considered a true revolutionary in astronomy? a) He withdrew his views after receiving letters from other scientists who disagreed with him b) He only worked for the first few years of his life, before declaring his views invalid c) As a strong Catholic, his beliefs prevented him to committing fully to helicentric model d) He chose to remain anonymous in his publication On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres

c

What was the difference in Portugal's motivations of the Atlantic Exploration from 1415-1488 and the Indian Exploration from 1497-1542? a) No difference in motivations; both expeditions were aimed at Portugal spreading Christianity b) Atlantic Exploration - mapping the African coast; Indian Exploration - finding a sea route to Asia c) Atlantic Exploration - expanding Christianity; Indian Exploration - finding a sea route to Asia d) Atlantic Exploration - expanding Christianity; Indian Exploration - setting up colonies

c

Which chemist made progress by fact-finding followed by controlled experimentation in his field? a) Isaac Newton b) Francis Bacon c) Robert Boyle d) Robert Hooke

c

Which of the following was one of Kepler's revolutionary ideas? a) He showed that stars remain stationary in space, whilst planets rotate around the earth b) He proved the existence of epicycles c) He declared that the planets, including the Earth, revolve around a stationary sun in ellipses d) He showed that celestial orbits are perfectly circular

c

Joseph II of Austria ________. a) increased the tax burden on the peasantry b) built many Catholic seminaries and allowed the church total autonomy c) reduced the serfs to slaves d) sought to improve the productivity and social conditions of the peasantry

d

What is Andreas Versailius best known for? a) Design of artificial limbs b) Sealing wounds with turpentine, egg yolk and oil of roses c) Use of antiseptics when treating patients d) His books on anatomy and detailed drawings of the human body

d

What were the most precious commodities traded between Asia and China, and Europe in the Middle Ages? a) Water and bread b) Coffee and tea c) Silver and gold d) Silks and spices

d

Which of the following was NOT a reason why science advanced away from medieval ideas to experimentation and empiricism? a) Collaboration between mathematical and astronomical communities b) Groups like the British Royal Society allowed for academic publishing and the spread of ideas c) Access to a large bank of Greek, Middle Eastern and European work to build new ideas d) The Church became willing to accept new scientific methods

d

Which statement best summarizes Rousseau's writings about the role of women in society? a) Rousseau's views had little impact on the ideas of his contemporaries. b) Rousseau's ideas were novel and surprising for most of his readers. c) Rousseau was considered progressive and liberal in his ideas of women. d) Rousseau's traditional ideas deeply influenced many leaders on the subject of gender roles.

d

Why was Columbus arrested in 1500 and supplanted from his posts as Viceroy and Governor of the Indies? a) For claiming he saw land first on his initial voyage, when in fact it was a member of his crew b) For enslaving natives at the disapproval of the Spanish Crown c) He lost several expensive ships to shipwrecks and was said to be an incompetent sailor d) He was said to be governing tyrannically; a number of returned settlers accused him of mismanagement

d