Quiz 3 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

In the mitochondria, the energy from "food" molecules (such as glucose) that are partially broken down in the cytosol are converted to

ATP

The membrane surrounding each organelle

regulates movement into and out of the organelle

Which organelle or structure translates mRNA into polypeptides

Ribosomes

What is the major distinction between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?

A prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus, whereas a eukaryotic cell does.

The domains of life are

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

The common ancestry (monophyly) of the three domains (archaea, bacteria, and eukarya) is confirmed by

DNA as the genetic material that encodes for proteins

Archaea is the closest sister group to the

Eukaryotes

Which organelle or structure is generated by the Golgi; contains digestive enzymes to hydrolyze macromolecules?

Lysosomes

Which of the following is NOT a basic feature of a prokaryotic cell?

Membrane-enclosed organelles

Which organelle or structure contains special enzymes to safely break down toxic by-products of oxidation?

Peroxisomes

The type of cell that always LACKS a cell wall is the _______ cell

animal

Members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea

are prokaryotes

Cilia

are shorter and more numerous than flagella

The semirigid structure that supports the plant cell and determines its shape is the

cell wall

Some bacteria are able to propel themselves through liquid by means of a structure called the

flagellum

Ribosomes are the structures in which

genetic information is used to make proteins

The rough ER is the portion of the ER that

has ribosomes attached to it

The cytosol

is composed largely of water

A large organelle found in eukaryotic cells that genetically controls the cell's activities is the

nucleus

Chloroplasts are the structures in which

sunlight energy is converted into chemical energy

Steroids such as cholesterol are synthesized by

the smooth ER