Quiz 3 (s)

Results of a study of cognitive vulnerability to depression found that ____% of the students with thought patterns classified as high risk for depression subsequently suffered a major depressive episode whereas only ___% of the low risk students subsequently experienced a major depressive episode. A : 16; 2.7 B : 25, 15 C: 46; 14 D: 85; 10

A : 16; 2.7

Approximately what percentage of women suffer from premenstrual dysphoric disorder? A : 2%5% B : 6%10% C : 18%24% D : 20%40%

A : 2%5%

Debbie has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder, recurrent. She wants to know what to expect in the future regarding her condition. You tell her that according to recent research, the median lifetime number of major depressive episodes is A : 47. B : 810. C : 1215. D : 1618.

A : 47.

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the relationship between anxiety and depression? A : A large percentage of depressed patients are anxious, but not all anxious patient is depressed. B : Cognitive content (thinking) is more negative in anxious patients than in those with depression. C : A core symptom of anxiety is the inability to experience pleasure. D : Anxiety is often preceded by an episode of major depression.

A : A large percentage of depressed patients are anxious, but not all anxious patient is depressed.

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding mood disorders? A : An individual experiencing manic symptoms can also be depressed or anxious. B : Unipolar mania is more common than unipolar depression. C : An individual who has experienced only manic episodes in the past is unlikely to never become depressed. D : Neither manic nor depressive symptoms remit on their own without treatment.

A : An individual experiencing manic symptoms can also be depressed or anxious.

One symptom of depression is an increase in sleeping. What other symptom related to sleep occurs in depression? A : Decreased slow wave sleep, the deepest stage of sleep B : Less intense REM activity C : Stages of deepest sleep occurring earlier in the sleep cycle D : Slower onset of REM sleep

A : Decreased slow wave sleep, the deepest stage of sleep

In comparing the length of untreated depressive episodes and untreated manic episodes, which of the following is an accurate statement? A : Depressive episodes generally last longer. B : Manic episodes generally last longer. C : Both types of episodes typically last about the same amount of time. D : This comparison cannot be made because only depressive episodes can be treated.

A : Depressive episodes generally last longer.

Which of the following is a risk associated with misdiagnosing children with bipolar disorder, when in fact they have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? A : Medications for bipolar disorder are very potent and have serious side effects. B : ADHD is more impairing than bipolar disorder, so one would be ignoring the real problem. C : Insurance companies dont recognize childhood bipolar disorder and will not reimburse treatment for it. D : There are no major risks, as the two disorders are so similar that treatments are essentially the same.

A : Medications for bipolar disorder are very potent and have serious side effects.

According to your textbook, which of the following female historical figures suffered from depression? A : Queen Victoria B : Joan of Arc C : Eleanor Roosevelt D : Anna Freud

A : Queen Victoria

Which of the following statements reflects the current thinking on the issue of the relationship between mood disorders and suicide? A : Suicide is often associated with psychological disorders, especially depression. B : All people who attempt suicide have mood disorders. C : A small percentage of adolescent suicides are an expression of depression mood disorder. D : Suicide is generally a response to some disappointment in people who are otherwise psychologically healthy.

A : Suicide is often associated with psychological disorders, especially depression.

Symptoms of severe depression are generally NOT considered a psychological disorder when they are associated with A : a grief reaction. B : a manic episode. C : anxiety. D : thoughts of suicide.

A : a grief reaction.

For individuals who had not been previously depressed, research studies indicate that a marital separation or divorce resulted in A : a higher rate of depression in men. B : a higher rate of depression in women. C : approximately equal rates of depression for males and females. D : no symptoms of depression in either males or females.

A : a higher rate of depression in men.

Statistics on suicide indicate that approximately one-quarter to one-half of all suicides are associated with A : alcohol use. B : guns. C : aggression. D : work stress.

A : alcohol use.

The probability that a person will recover from a major depressive episode within five years approaches 90% in A : all cases. B : mild cases only. C : severe cases only. D : double depression only.

A : all cases.

Manic episodes alternate with depressive episodes in the disorder called A : bipolar I disorder. B : major depressive disorder. C : complicated grief. D : cyclothymia.

A : bipolar I disorder.

Considering the terms used to differentiate mood disorders, cyclothymic is to dysthymic as A : bipolar disorder is to major depressive disorder. B : manic is to hypomanic. C : major depressive disorder is to bipolar disorder. D : bipolar I is to bipolar II.

A : bipolar disorder is to major depressive disorder.

The physical or somatic symptoms of a major depressive disorder include A : changes in appetite or weight. B : decreased ability to concentrate. C : increased energy. D : orgasmic feelings.

A : changes in appetite or weight.

Jack has experienced recurrent episodes of major depressive episodes. In the intervals between the episodes, he does not seem to return to normal. In fact, during those periods, he has been diagnosed as having low-grade depression. Jacks condition is referred to as A : double depression. B : bipolar disorder. C : atypical depression. D : dysfunctional dysthymia.

A : double depression.

Interpersonal psychotherapy deals with all of the following interpersonal problems EXCEPT A : environmental interactions. B : acquisition of new relationships. C : identification and correction of deficits in social skills. D : interpersonal role disputes.

A : environmental interactions.

In terms of the etiology of mood disorders, research has shown that A : environmental stress plays a larger role in causing depression in men than in women. B : genetic factors are more important in the development of depression in men in comparison to the development of depression in women. C : genetic and environmental factors are equally contributory to mood disorders. D : there are no sex differences in vulnerability to depression.

A : environmental stress plays a larger role in causing depression in men than in women.

In studies of bipolar patients who experience cyclothimia, it has been found that as many as 60% are A : female. B : male. C : elderly. D : adolescents.

A : female.

Mood disorders can take on many forms; one of the most severe, involving repeated episodes of extremely low mood, is referred to as A : major depressive disorder. B : persistent depressive disorder. C : cyclothymia. D : Melancholia.

A : major depressive disorder.

According to your textbook, the apparent primary function of is to regulate our emotional reactions. A : serotonin B : dopamine C : cortisol D : GABA

A : serotonin

For both men and women, depression and problems in marital relations are associated, but A : the causal direction is different. B : for men marital relations seem to contribute toward depression. C : for women the depression seems to cause the marital relation problems. D : therapists need to consider disturbed marital relationships separately from mood disorders.

A : the causal direction is different.

Martin Seligmans theory that people become anxious and depressed because they believe that they have no control over the stress in their lives is informed by A : the learned helplessness model. B : cognitive-behavioral theory. C : humanistic/existential theory. D : the Seligman model of depression.

A : the learned helplessness model.

Researchers studying the relationship between sleep and mood found A : the relationship was bidirectional. B : no relationship. C : the relationship was unidirectional. D : that an increase in negative moods does not lead to predictable changes in sleep patterns but an increase in positive moods does.

A : the relationship was bidirectional.

When referring to the mood disorders called cyclothymia and persistent depressive disorder, it would be accurate to say that an individual with cyclothymia probably A : would be considered moody. B : cannot function normally at all. C : has more depressive episodes D : has full manic episodes.

A : would be considered moody.

Clinical studies have shown that the favorable response rate for patients taking antidepressant medications is _______ %. A : 25 B : 50 C : 75 D : 100

B : 50

Regarding Becks views on depression, which of the following definitions of cognitive errors and negative schema is NOT correct? A : In a self-blame schema, depressed individuals feel personally responsible for every bad thing that happens. B : Arbitrary inference means that a depressed individual emphasizes the positive rather than the negative aspects of a situation. C : In a negative self-evaluation schema, depressed individuals believe that they can never do anything correctly. D : Overgeneralization occurs when a small error is magnified to mean something much more significant.

B : Arbitrary inference means that a depressed individual emphasizes the positive rather than the negative aspects of a situation.

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the treatment of mood disorders? A : Patients do not recover from episodes of major depression without treatment. B : Delaying or preventing future episodes of major depression is often an important treatment goal, instead of merely recovering from current depression. C : After a patient has experienced a major depressive episode and recovered, treatment can be discontinued. D : Close to 100 percent of patients with major depressive disorder respond to drug treatment.

B : Delaying or preventing future episodes of major depression is often an important treatment goal, instead of merely recovering from current depression.

Which of the following is NOT usually a component of a major depressive episode? A : Feelings of worthlessness B : Flight of ideas C : Altered sleep patterns D : Change in appetite

B : Flight of ideas

Which of the following symptoms characterize a manic episode? A : Feelings of guilt B : Grandiose plans C : Anhedonia D : Loss of energy

B : Grandiose plans

In 1989, Abramson and his colleagues revised Seligmans theory of learned helplessness, changing the focus from specific attributions to _____ as the crucial factor in depression. A : lack of control B : a sense of hopelessness C : repressed anger D : a feeling of failure

B : a sense of hopelessness

Impulsive suicidal behavior is often a symptom of personality disorder. A : schizoid B : borderline C : obsessive-compulsive D : paranoid

B : borderline

According to recent research on the development of depression, dysfunctional attitudes (a negative outlook) and hopelessness attributes (explaining things negatively) constitute a _________vulnerability to depression. A : biological B : cognitive C : behavioral D : sociological

B : cognitive

In comparing ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) to antidepressant medication, all of the following statements are accurate EXCEPT that A : some patients have long-term memory problems after ECT. B : continued treatment with medication or psychotherapy is not needed after ECT. C : short-term memory loss is a side effect of treatment with ECT. D : 50% of psychotically depressed patients who do not improve using medication benefit from ECT.

B : continued treatment with medication or psychotherapy is not needed after ECT.

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is best categorized as a(an) A : physical disorder B : disorder of mood C : endocrine disorder D : dysregulation disorder

B : disorder of mood

Being depressed _____ the risk of death in elderly patients who have had a stroke or heart attack. A : has no effect on B : doubles C : triples D : reduces

B : doubles

Mood disorders refer to a group of disorders involving severe disturbances ranging from _____to ____. A : hallucinations; suicidality B : elation; depression C : indecisiveness; anhedonia D : hypomania; mania

B : elation; depression

According to recent research, the median duration of recurrent (subsequent to the first episode) major depressive episodes is A : one to two months. B : four to five months. C : seven to nine months. D : 11 to 12 months.

B : four to five months.

With regard to social support, A : having one close friend did not affect recovery from depression. B : having social support helped speed recovery from depressive episodes. C : having social support had no effect in China. D : having too much social support actually overwhelmed patients and worsened their depression in some cases.

B : having social support helped speed recovery from depressive episodes.

Jane is diagnosed with bipolar II disorder. You can expect that she will experience A : full manic episodes. B : hypomanic episodes C : both manic and hypomanic episodes. D : neither manic nor hypomanic episodes.

B : hypomanic episodes

Unipolar mania A : does not exist. B : is rare. C : is fairly common. D : is a part of bipolar disorder.

B : is rare.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation is A : more intrusive than ECT. B : less effective than ECT. C : the last resort treatment for depression because it causes memory loss. D : replacing ECT as the standard electro-treatment for depression.

B : less effective than ECT.

Persistent depressive disorder (PPD), formerly known as dysthymia, differs from major depressive disorder (MDD) because people diagnosed with PDD have symptoms of depression that are A : more severe. B : longer-lasting. C : episodic. D : temporary.

B : longer-lasting.

Although the mood-stabilizing drug lithium is the preferred treatment for bipolar disorder, patient compliance has been a problem. Patients often stop taking their lithium, even though it is effective in stabilizing their moods, because they A : become anxious that the drug is too toxic. B : miss the euphoric feelings that mania produces. C : start to have panic attacks. D : cannot afford the high cost of the medication.

B : miss the euphoric feelings that mania produces.

Children with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder are most at risk for later developing A : bipolar disorder. B : mood and anxiety disorders. C : psychotic disorders. D : psychopathic personality traits.

B : mood and anxiety disorders.

In comparison to patients with major depressive disorder, patients with persistent depressive disorder are A : more likely to display symptoms of depression. B : more likely to attempt suicide. C : less likely to experience long-term episodes of depression. D : more likely to be in remission in seven to nine months.

B : more likely to attempt suicide.

In about _____ of patients, cyclothymic mood swings develop into full-blown bipolar disorder. A : one-fifth B : one-third C : two-thirds D : four-fifths

B : one-third

In recent years, a trend of _________ children with bipolar disorder has become problematic. A : underdiagnosing B : overdiagnosing C : not recognizing D : mistreating

B : overdiagnosing

A student who has been doing very well in her psychology class receives a minor critical comment on an essay that she wrote as part of an exam. The student thinks, This is terrible. Im probably going to fail the course. This type of cognitive error in thinking is called A : arbitrary inference. B : overgeneralization. C : pessimism D : dissociating.

B : overgeneralization.

Although ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) has been a controversial issue for decades, it is an effective treatment for depression, especially when A : patients cannot afford antidepressant medication. B : patient response to antidepressant medication is poor. C : symptoms of depression are mild. D : a manic-depressive patient is currently experiencing a manic episode.

B : patient response to antidepressant medication is poor.

Seligman and his colleagues conducted a course in which university students at risk for depression were taught cognitive and social problem-solving skills. Students in the study were determined to be at risk for depression based on a A : low score on a test of learned helplessness. B : pessimistic cognitive style. C : family history of depression. D : poor response to antidepressant medication.

B : pessimistic cognitive style.

When used in connection with mood disorders, flight of ideas means A : anxiety about airplane travel. B : rapid speech expressing many exciting ideas at once. C : limited imagination reflected in a slow way of speaking. D : an increase in creative ideas.

B : rapid speech expressing many exciting ideas at once.

An important difference between major depressive disorder, recurrent and major depressive disorder, single episode is that A : single episode type is more common. B : recurrent type is more common. C : single episode symptoms are more severe. D : recurrent symptoms are more severe.

B : recurrent type is more common.

One of the problems encountered by psychiatrists who prescribe medication for patients with bipolar disorder is that patients often A : stop taking the medication in order to bring on a depressive state. B : stop taking the medication in order to bring on a manic state. C : overdose on the medication during a severe manic state. D : become addicted to the medications during a severe manic state.

B : stop taking the medication in order to bring on a manic state.

The antidepressant medications known as imipramine (Tofranil) and amitriptyline (Elavil) are included in the class of drugs called A : SSRIs. B : tricyclics. C : MAO inhibitors. D : tranquilizers.

B : tricyclics.

Although the glorification and romanticizing of suicide in the media contributes to the incidence of copycats, it is more likely that the person copying the suicide is A : just doing it for attention. B : vulnerable due to an existing psychological disorder. C : not really serious about the suicide attempt. D : feeling validated about an already planned suicide.

B : vulnerable due to an existing psychological disorder.

All of the following are side effects of lithium therapy EXCEPT A : lowered thyroid functioning. B : weight loss. C : toxicity. D : lack of energy.

B : weight loss.

According to recent research, the percentage of people age 18 to 23 who have already experienced major depression is_____ % A : 10 B : 18 C : 25 D : 40

C : 25

The best estimates of genetic contributions to depression fall in the range of A : 80% for women and 60% for men. B : 60% for women and 40% for men. C : 40% for women and 20% for men. D : 60% for women and 80% for men.

C : 40% for women and 20% for men.

In severe cases of depression where the episode lasts five years or longer, how many of these patients can be expected to recover? A : None B : About half C : Approximately one-third D : All

C : Approximately one-third

Which of the following statements about suicide is correct? A : The suicide rate is high among African Americans but low among Native Americans. B : The suicide rate among adolescents in the United States is decreasing. C : For college students, suicide is the second leading cause of death. D : Females are more likely than males to die from suicide.

C : For college students, suicide is the second leading cause of death.

Which of the following is NOT true about a hypomanic manic episode? A : It is not necessarily impairing for an individual. B : It involves cognitive and physical changes. C : It causes marked impairment in social or occupational functioning. D : It may last for weeks.

C : It causes marked impairment in social or occupational functioning.

A 55-year-old Californian named Annie recently formulated an ambitious plan to start a Broadway career. She withdrew all the money from her bank account, purchased a brand new vehicle on a 0% down contract, drove 38 hours nonstop to New York City, and interrupted a musical rehearsal by demanding an audition with the casting director. Which of the following is Annie likely experiencing? A : Major depressive episode B : Hypomanic episode C : Manic episode D : Postpartum psychosis

C : Manic episode

Although grieving is considered a normal process, it does sometimes become a psychological disorder. Which of the following cases would NOT be diagnosed as complicated grief? A : Mr. As sister suddenly passed away from illness about a year ago. Mr. A is still suffering from severe depression and persistent thoughts of joining his sister in heaven. B : Two years ago, Miss B has experienced the death of a close friend. She is so depressed that she has no appetite or energy, and believes that she will never be truly happy again without her friend. C : Mrs. Cs dog recently died. Three weeks later, her friends suggest that she get another dog to help her get over the loss. Mrs. C refuses, saying she just isnt ready to get another dog and still has trouble accepting that Duchess is gone.

C : Mrs. Cs dog recently died. Three weeks later, her friends suggest that she get another dog to help her get over the loss. Mrs. C refuses, saying she just isnt ready to get another dog and still has trouble accepting that Duchess is gone.

Possible reasons for the higher rates of depression found in women include all of the following EXCEPT A : culturally induced dependence and passivity. B : a sense of uncontrollability and helplessness. C : a low value placed on intimate relationships. D : self-blame for being depressed.

C : a low value placed on intimate relationships.

Mixed features refers to a type of mania in which a manic episode is A : extremely severe. B : very mild. C : accompanied by depression or anxiety. D : related to a medical condition.

C : accompanied by depression or anxiety.

Evidence for an inherited tendency toward suicidal behavior comes from research involving A : the human genome project. B : callers to suicide hotlines. C : adoption studies. D : psychological autopsies.

C : adoption studies.

Since traditional antidepressant medication such as tricyclics may actually provoke rapidcycling in patients with bipolar disorder, mood stabilizers and instead. A : antipsychotics B : tranquilizers C : anticonvulsants D : opiates

C : anticonvulsants

Kendler et al. found that the same genetic factors contribute to both A : anxiety and dementia. B : dementia, and depression. C : anxiety and depression. D : Alzheimers and anxiety.

C : anxiety and depression.

With regard to the prevalence of mood disorders, it has been consistently found that A : females experience major depressive disorders less frequently than males. B : men have twice as many mood disorders as women. C : bipolar disorder rarely has an onset age greater than 40. D : dysthymia occurs equally across gender.

C : bipolar disorder rarely has an onset age greater than 40.

Some possible reasons for the higher rates of depression found in women relate to the disadvantages experienced by women in the United States, such as A : discrimination and poverty. B : abuse and sexual harassment. C : both a and b D : neither a nor b

C : both a and b

A depressed young woman enters a psychologists office for her first appointment. The therapist tells her that they will work together to recognize and correct her negative thinking errors. The type of therapy that will be used here is called A : interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT). B : conditional therapy. C : cognitive therapy. D : antidepressive therapy.

C : cognitive therapy.

Side effects associated with tricyclic antidepressants include all of the following EXCEPT A : dry mouth. B : difficulty urinating. C : difficulty falling asleep. D : blurred vision.

C : difficulty falling asleep.

All of the following statements are true about electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) EXCEPT A : electric shock is administered directly to the brain for less than a second. B : though there are serious side effects, ECT is highly effective and the relapse rate is very low after treatment. C : for severely depressed patients with psychotic features, approximately 25% of those not responding to medication will benefit. D : ECT treatments are administered every day for a total of 6 to 10 treatments.

C : for severely depressed patients with psychotic features, approximately 25% of those not responding to medication will benefit.

The antidepressant medication lithium is also referred to as a mood stabilizer because it A : increases the availability of both dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. B : is less toxic than the SSRI medications. C : helps to prevent manic episodes. D : increases thyroid functioning, which results in improved mood stabilization.

C : helps to prevent manic episodes.

Research has found that low serotonin levels may be implicated in suicidal behavior because they affect all of the following EXCEPT A : impulsivity. B : instability. C : inertia. D : overreaction.

C : inertia.

The acute grief most of us would feel eventually evolves into what is called A : dysthymia. B : latent grief. C : integrated grief. D : complicated grief.

C : integrated grief.

An individual who usually says Its all my fault when anything goes wrong is reflecting the _____ characteristic of the depressive attributional style. A : specific B : stable C : internal D : external

C : internal

Not only is there a high prevalence of persistent depressive disorder in children, but it has also been found that three-fourths of these children will eventually be diagnosed with A : bipolar disorder. B : mania. C : major depressive disorder. D : cyclothymia.

C : major depressive disorder

Lithium is a(an) ________ and is prescribed as the gold standard for treatment of ________. A : antipsychotic; very severe depression B : anticonvulsant; bipolar disorder C : mood stabilizer; bipolar disorder D : SSRI; bipolar disorder

C : mood stabilizer; bipolar disorder

In Aaron Becks depressive cognitive triad, individuals think negatively about all of the following EXCEPT A : themselves. B : their immediate world. C : moral principles. D : their future.

C : moral principles.

A typical episode of major depression lasts , with very severe cases lasting as long as several years. A : three months B : six months C : nine months D : one year

C : nine months

All of the following statements about lithium therapy are true EXCEPT A : for those patients who respond to lithium, approximately 70% will relapse. B : for anyone with recurrent manic episodes, maintenance on lithium is recommended to prevent relapse. C : once a person is symptom-free for six months, he or she may stop taking lithium. D : people stop taking lithium to regain the euphoric feeling that mania produces.

C : once a person is symptom-free for six months, he or she may stop taking lithium.

All of the following are accurate statements about the prevalence of mood disorders in children and adolescents EXCEPT that A : bipolar disorder is often misdiagnosed in children. B : major depressive disorder in adolescents is primarily a female disorder. C : rates of attempted suicide decrease during adolescence. D : adolescents with cyclothymic disorder must display the symptoms one year before a diagnosis can be made.

C : rates of attempted suicide decrease during adolescence.

The idea that individuals who are biologically vulnerable to depression place themselves in high-risk, stressful environments reflects the A : self-fulfilling prophecy theory. B : cognitive-behavioral model. C : reciprocal gene-environment model. D : stress-depression linkage effect.

C : reciprocal gene-environment model.

Clinical studies have shown that 50% to 75% of patients taking Prozac and other SSRIs will experience A : manic episodes. B : suicidal tendencies. C : sexual dysfunction. D : cardiac irregularities.

C : sexual dysfunction.

Side effects of tricyclic antidepressants include A : weight loss. B : excessive urination. C : sexual dysfunction. D : insomnia.

C : sexual dysfunction.

Experiences associated with _____ trigger mania in vulnerable individuals. A : negative emotions B : positive life events, like the arrival of a new baby C : striving to achieve important goals D : unexpected changes in life

C : striving to achieve important goals

Studies has shown that tricyclics have caused A : manic episodes in the elderly. B : severe weight loss in adolescents. C : sudden death in children. D : all of these are correct

C : sudden death in children.

Regarding severe cases of major depressive disorder, those in which the depressive episode has lasted five years or more, all of the following statements are accurate EXCEPT A : the episode may not entirely clear up, leaving some residual symptoms. B : the likelihood of a subsequent episode is high. C : the next episode is likely to be manic, rather than depressive. D : subsequent episodes may be associated with incomplete inter-episode recovery.

C : the next episode is likely to be manic, rather than depressive.

Current research into neurotransmitter systems has produced the permissive hypothesis, which means that A : low levels of serotonin are sufficient to explain the etiology of mood disorders. B : the norepinephrine system regulates serotonin levels; if norepinephrine is low, depression will occur. C : when serotonin levels are low, other neurotransmitter systems become dysregulated and contribute to mood irregularities. D : the absolute levels of neurotransmitters are more significant in mood regulation than the overall balance of the various neurotransmitters.

C : when serotonin levels are low, other neurotransmitter systems become dysregulated and contribute to mood irregularities.

Milton has been mildly depressed for many years. Just recently, however, his depression deepened, and he was severely depressed for about three months. His deep depression then lifted and he was once again mildly depressed. Milton A : will be easier to treat now that the severe depression is resolved. B : will quickly respond to treatment and will recover completely from his depression. C : will likely be associated with more severe psychopathology and a problematic future course. D : will require treatment for the rest of his life.

C : will likely be associated with more severe psychopathology and a problematic future course.

Suheil comes into your clinical psychology practice reporting that hes been feeling so down that hes had suicide on his mind. To determine his level of risk for suicide, you should make sure to assess Suheils A : desire to actually carry out a suicide. B : access to weapons and other means of suicide. C : specific plans, if any, for committing suicide. D : All of these are correct

D : All of these are correct

Which of the following factors contribute to the integrative theory of depression? A : Stressful life events B : Stress hormones C : Neurotransmitters D : All of these are correct

D : All of these are correct

Which of the following is usually a component of a major depressive episode? A : Emotional shutdown B : Somatic/vegetative symptoms C : Anhedonia/loss of interest or motivation D : All of these are correct

D : All of these are correct

The following types of medications are all used to treat depression EXCEPT A : SSRIs. B : mixed reuptake inhibitors. C : MAO inhibitors. D : GABA inhibitors.

D : GABA inhibitors.

Which of the following is a symptom of a manic episode? A : Slowed speech B : Hypoactive behavior C : Hypersomnia D : Grandiosity

D : Grandiosity

Which of the following eight-year-old children should most likely receive a diagnosis of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder? A : Hakim, who cannot sit still in class or at the dinner table B : Bella, who stayed up all night for three nights in a row making what she believes is the worlds prettiest dress C : Bobby, who always gets into fights and is extremely rebellious with authority figures D : Mary Ann, who cant help snapping at her parents and an overwhelming feeling of irritability that she feels uncontrollable

D : Mary Ann, who cant help snapping at her parents and an overwhelming feeling of irritability that she feels uncontrollable

Cross-cultural research indicates that, due at least in part to appalling social and economic conditions, the prevalence of major depression is extremely high among A : African Americans. B : European Americans. C : Asian Americans. D : Native Americans

D : Native Americans

The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging reported that symptoms of depression followed a(an) A : downward sloping pattern across the life span. B : an inverted U-shaped pattern across adulthood. C : an upward sloping pattern across the life span. D : a U-shaped pattern across adulthood.

D : a U-shaped pattern across adulthood.

A hypomanic episode refers to A : a prolonged but less severe form of a manic episode that is easily treated. B : a manic episode without hallucinations or delusions. C : a manic episode that occurs without any depressive episodes. D : a shorter and less severe form of a manic episode with less impairment in functioning.

D : a shorter and less severe form of a manic episode with less impairment in functioning.

All of the following are risk factors for suicide EXCEPT A : a sense of hopelessness. B : a shameful or humiliating experience. C : previous suicide attempt(s). D : a vague suicidal fantasy without detailed plans.

D : a vague suicidal fantasy without detailed plans.

Prevention of mood disorders in children and adolescents include A : universal programs. B : selected interventions. C : indicated interventions. D : all of these are correct

D : all of these are correct

Recent research suggests that A : the suppression of neurogenesis in the hippocampus is due to the connection between high stress hormones and depression. B : low hippocampal volume may precede and contribute to the onset of depression. C : electroconvulsive therapy seems to produce neurogenesis in the hippocampus. D : all of these are correct

D : all of these are correct

One symptom of a mood disorder is anhedonia, which means A : a feeling of worthlessness. B : an altered pattern of sleep. C : indecisiveness. D : an inability to experience pleasure.

D : an inability to experience pleasure.

At various times, Cynthia, a 20-year-old college student, has always been considered by her family and/or friends to be moody, high-strung, explosive, or hyperactive. Knowing the criteria for mood disorders, you would diagnose Cynthia with A : major depressive disorder. B : panic disorder. C : disrupted mood dysregulation disorder. D : cyclothymia.

D : cyclothymia.

All of the following statements are accurate about electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) EXCEPT A : long-term memory problems are associated with ECT. B : ECT treatment should be followed up with medication or psychotherapy. C : short-term memory loss is a side effect of treatment with medication. D : depressed patients with psychotic symptoms should be treated with medication, not ECT.

D : depressed patients with psychotic symptoms should be treated with medication, not ECT.

All of the following words are used to describe the manic mood state EXCEPT A : elated. B : expansive. C : energetic. D : exhausted.

D : exhausted.

Some psychologists were reluctant to make premenstrual dysphoric disorder a formal diagnosis because A : it had too much overlap with other mood disorders diagnostic criteria. B : it is so rare that a formal diagnostic category is unjustified. C : it is strictly a consequence of hormonal imbalances and is therefore not a psychological disorder. D : it has the potential to be stigmatizing for women.

D : it has the potential to be stigmatizing for women.

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) helps depressed patients resolve relationship problems. All of the following issues are a possible focus of IPT EXCEPT A : marital conflict. B : death of a loved one. C : deficits in social skills. D : negative thinking.

D : negative thinking.

With regard to the relationship between stress and depression, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT that A : the context of the life event, as well as its meaning to the individual, is more important than the nature of the event itself. B : an individuals current mood state might distort earlier memories of life events that precipitated the depression. C : stressful life events are strongly related to the onset of mood disorders. D : recurrent episodes of depression, but not initial episodes, are strongly predicted by major life stress.

D : recurrent episodes of depression, but not initial episodes, are strongly predicted by major life stress.

In research looking at the biological causes of mood disorders, studies have shown that if one of a set of twins is unipolar, the chances that the other twin is bipolar are A : high. B : moderate. C : low. D : slim to none.

D : slim to none.

The presence of medical illnesses or symptoms of dementia can make the diagnosis of depression difficult in A : middle-aged men. B : menopausal women. C : highly creative individuals. D : the elderly.

D : the elderly.